2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练（3）
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Scientists in UK have grown a living human "brain". The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.
They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, "We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. "The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (肿瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.
Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, "It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆)."
The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，"We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research."
1. UK scientists grow a living human "brain" in order to ______.
A. study the structure of human brain
B. make use of living human cell system
C. discover how human brain really works
D. separate cells from a cancer tumour
2. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells ______.
A. will get finished as early as possible
B. will make people discover dementia
C. will affect the brain growth in many ways
D. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system
3. From the last paragraph，we can know that ______
A. the technique provided by HRT is immature
B. animal tests are no longer allowed by law
C. a million people suffer from brain diseases
D. the research program lacks financial support
4. The text is intended to ______.
A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical research
B. introduce a research program in human's brain
C. introduce the progress of drugs for dementia
D. tell us about health problem in nerve system
【参考答案】1—4、CDDB
【科普知识型---阅读理解】
Housed in Milan, one of Europe's dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.
In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milan's polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It's a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”
Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci's painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.
Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors' skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.
Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said. Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.
The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.
1．What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance.
B．Things dirtier than usual.
C．Certain types of gas.
D．Extremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.
2．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT
________．
A．fatty lipids from the skin
B．tiny particles of the wax
C．breath of the visitors
D．dust in the air
3．According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis?
A. The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.
B．The airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.
C．The airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.
D．The airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci's painting were decreased successfully.
4．What can be the best title of the text?
A．How to decrease levels of particulates effectively
B．The famous painting —da Vinci's The Last Supper
C．Keeping air pollution from damaging da Vinci's The Last Supper
D．How to protect artwork in households
【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的影响。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。
1．D 词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。
2．C 细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。
3．B 细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。
4．C 主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达·芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。
阅读理解。
In the fall of 1985. I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am later I am still a bright-eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.
My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college an the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.
Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopt and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic---and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.
You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 81. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did make it back to college full-time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant talking as few as one class each semester.
The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, But I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.
In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree！
I am not special, just single-minded. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.
(
) 1. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was tobe
A. a writer
B. a teacher
C. a judge
D. a doctor
(
) 2. Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?
A. She wanted to study by herself.
B. She fell in love and got married.
C. She suffered from a serious illness.
D. She decided to look after her grandma.
(
) 3. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
She was busy yet happy with her family life.
She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.
She wanted to remain a full-time housewife.
She was too confused to make a correct choice.
(
) 4. What dose the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?
Failure is the mother of success.
B、Little by little, one goes far.
C. Every coin has two sides.
D、Well begun, half done.
(
) 5.Which of the following can best describe the author?
Caring and determine.
B、Honest and responsible.
C、Ambitious and sensitive.
D、Innocent and single-minded.
【文章大意】记叙文。文章介绍了作者取得本科学位的过程中做的事情。
1.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段的aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.，可知答案为C。
2.D细节理解题。根据文章I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.可知答案。
3.A 推理判断题，由You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8. Our home was a complete zoo---a joyous zoo. 作者需要养育4个儿女，同时还要坚持学习的梦想， joyous可见作者在感到家庭是忙碌而幸福的。
4.B推理判断题。根据Everything you want won’t arrive in your life on one day. It’s a process. Remember；little steps add up to big dreams.可以看出作者的学习是在循序渐进，千里之行始于足下，最终才取得学位的。Little by little ,one goes far.与之符合。
5.A推理判断题。通过全文作者照顾祖母和照顾家庭，可以看出作者Caring；通过作者坚持不懈的学习，最终拿到学位，可以看出作者的决心determine，选A。
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Christine was just a girl in one of my classes. I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. She didn’t talk many. Her hair was black and purple, and she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the summer. She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her. Like the rest of my classmate, I didn’t really want to get closed to her. It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I begin to understand why Christine dressed the way she did .
【参考答案】4.
试题分析：本文叙述了作者的同学Christine在大家的眼里是非常奇怪的一个人，她穿着奇怪的服装，话语不多，也不在乎别人对她的看法，可就在作者与她进行一次化学的合作项目时，才理解为什么她总是把自己打扮成那个样子。
【小题1】考查短语。句意：除了她是非常的奇怪，我对她了解不多。except for +名词或代词，不跟句子，所以应去掉for，except that+句子。
【小题2】考查固定短语。句意：她的话语不多。这里用来修饰动词用much， many修饰可数名词。
【小题3】考查动词。句意：她穿着黑色的运动鞋。worn是wear的过去分词，它的过去式是wore，这里短文叙述的是过去的事情，所以应该用过去式。
【小题4】考查副词。句意：她穿着黑色的运动鞋及黑色的毛衣，甚至实在夏天。although后跟句子，even是副词，后可跟介词短语。
【小题5】考查形容词。句意：她实际上很招人喜欢的。attractively是副词；attractive是形容词，在这里作表语。
【小题6】考查动词短语。句意：她从不考虑其他的人是怎样看她的。这里是seemed to do似乎做某事。
【小题7】考查名词。句意：像我的其他同学一样我真地不想接近她。classmate 是单数；classmates是复数，因为the rest of+可数名词的复数，故用classmates。
【小题8】考查固定短语。句意：像我的其他同学一样我真地不想接近她。get close to sb接近某人。是固定短语。
【小题9】考查代词。句意：就在我们在一起做化学项目时，我才真正地理解她为什么打扮成那样。这里their他们的；our我们的。形容词性物主代词应该与主语we一致，所以用our。
【小题10】考查动词。句意：就在我们在一起做化学项目时，我才真正地理解她为什么打扮成那样。根据前面的谓语动词was与did 可知这里叙述的是过去的事情，所以应该用过去式began。
短文改错 共10小题 每小题1分 满分10分
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ )划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线（一），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Time flies as an arrow. I’m already in Grade 3 after I realize it. It is only a little more than seven months before I graduated from our school. At the present, I’m busy review my lessons in order to take the college entrance examinations. I hope attend Beijing University, that is considered to be one of the best. Most of my classmate are studying very hard to realize our dreams. I do believe everyone will be able to enter a very well university.
【参考答案】5.
as –like
after—before
graduated—graduate
at the present --the 去掉
review—reviewing
hope后加to
that—which
classmate—classmates
our –their
well---good
6.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about a shocked incident that happened in Beijing Zoo in the afternoon of Feb 23rd.
I was visiting the zoo that afternoon while I heard bears roaring terribly. I hurried to the place where the bears lived at. I saw the black bear badly injured and one of them roll on the ground painfully. It was hurt too serious to move a foot. The people around was shocked, angry and blaming the wrongdoer. I learned that was a student from a famous university in Beijing who caused the trouble. He pulled sulfur and acid onto the bears or pretending to feed them.
What an shame! Animals are our friends and something must be done to prevent them from being injured.
Sincerely Yours
Li Hua
【参考答案】6.Dear Editor,
I'm writing to tell you about a shocked incident that happened in Beijing
shocking
Zoo in the afternoon of Feb 23rd.
on
I was visiting the zoo that afternoon while I heard bears roaring terribly. I
when
hurried to the place where the bears lived at. I saw the black bear badly injured
which
bears
and one of them roll on the ground painfully. It was hurt too serious to
rolling
seriously
move a foot. The people around was shocked, angry and blaming the wrongdoer.
were
I learned that ^was a student from a famous university in
加 it
Beijing who caused the trouble. He pulled sulfur and acid onto the bears or
去掉or
pretending to feed them.
What an shame! Animals are our friends and something must be done to
a
prevent them from being injured.
Sincerely Yours
Li Hua
略