阅读话题·分类
专题一 科普知识类
专项强化·训练
A
(2015成都二模)
Researchers may have discovered a perfect material of dieting—low fat cake and cheese.British researchers say they have created a protein (蛋白质) that can replace fat perfectly.
The proteins will enable food producers to remove much of the fat used in their products but without reducing product quality.
Funded by team from University of Edinburgh,the researchers have produced the modified (调整了的) proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production.
“We’ve paved the way for the development of modified proteins that can be used to produce a wider range of appealing low-fat foods,”said Dr.Steve Euston,who led the research.“The result could be important for health benefits,as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems.”
Protein-for-fat substitution (替代品) is not a completely new idea,but to date it has been limited to products such as yogurts.
In cheeses and cakes it has proved less successful in ensuring the original taste and texture fundamental to consumer satisfaction,mainly because proteins could not mimic the behavior of fats closely enough.
By studying the proteins’ chemical structure,the team has developed a detailed understanding of how proteins behave when they are heated or go through other food producing processes.
The proteins could encourage development of a wider choice of low-fat foods,helping consumers to eat more healthily and reducing weight-related health problems.
The team has achieved particularly promising results in using proteins to replace eggs,which is commonly used in bakery items.
Such substitution not only cuts fat content;because eggs can be subject to sharp changes in price.It could also cut the cost products and so encourage consumers to eat more healthily.
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一种新型蛋白质,可以替代脂肪。
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.The NHS will benefit from this new finding.
B.The research team is funded by food producers.
C.Protein for fat substitution is a completely new idea.
D.Products of modified proteins have been put on sale.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段“...as well as a reduction in the burden on the National Health Service (NHS) caused by many weight-related health problems.”可知A项正确。
答案:A
2.The underlined word “mimic” means .
A.reduceB.make
C.remove D.imitate
解析:词义猜测题。根据上下文可知蛋白质不能模仿脂肪的行为作用。故选D项。
答案:D
3.These new proteins work nearly the same as the fats do because .
A.they will cut fat content easily
B.they will break down easily
C.their products are cheaper and healthier
D.they ensure the original taste and texture
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“...the researchers have produced the modified(调整了的) proteins that easily break down and therefore work nearly the same as the fats do during food production.”可知B项正确。
答案:B
4.Which of the following is the best title?
A.A Special Protein
B.How Proteins Work
C.Cut Down the Food Cost
D.A Special Research Team
解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种新型蛋白质,可以用来代替脂肪。故选A项。
答案:A
B
(2015安徽“江淮十校”四月联考)
Do you think you are more intelligent than your parents and grandparents?According to James Flynn,a professor at a New Zealand university,you are!Over the course of the last century,people’s IQ test scores have gotten steadily higher—on average,three points higher each decade.This improvement is known as the “Flynn effect”,and scientists want to know what is behind it.
IQ tests are designed to measure general intelligence rather than knowledge.Flynn believes that intelligence partly comes from our parents and partly is the result of our environment,but the improvement in test scores has been happening too quickly to be explained by heredity(遗传).So what has occurred in the 20th century to help people achieve higher scores?
Scientists have proposed several explanations for the Flynn effect.Some suggest that the improved test scores simply reflect an increased exposure to tests in general and the learning of test-taking techniques that help us perform better on any test.Others have pointed to better nutrition.Babies now are born larger,healthier,and with more brain development than in the past.Another suggested explanation is a change in educational styles,with teachers encouraging children to learn by discovering things for themselves rather than just memorizing information,which improves their problem-solving skills.
Flynn has limited the possible explanations after carefully examining test data and discovering that the improvement in scores has taken place in only certain parts of the IQ test.Test-takers are not doing better on the maths or vocabulary sections of the test;they are doing better on the sections requiring reasoning and problem solving.For example,one part of the test shows a set of shapes,and test-takers must find the patterns and connections between them.
According to Flynn,this visual intelligence improves as the amount of technology in our lives increases.Every time you play a computer game,you are exercising exactly the kind of thinking and problem solving that helps you do well on one kind of intelligence test.So are you really smarter than your parents?In one very specific way,you may be.
【语篇导读】本文是科技文阅读。文章主要告诉我们为什么会比父母们聪明,应该是某一方面,不是每一方面。
5.According to the passage,the “Flynn effect” is .
A.a method used to measure intelligence
B.an increase in IQ test scores over time
C.the influence of hard work on intelligence
D.a theory that connects intelligence to health
解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三句话可知Flynn effect是指人们的智力测验分数在增加。故选B项。
答案:B
6.What is the function of the third paragraph?
A.To list the findings of Professor Flynn’s research.
B.To show other scientists’ opinion on Professor Flynn’s research.
C.To list different theories explaining the increase in IQ scores.
D.To describe how research was carried out in the measuring of intelligence.
解析:推理判断题。通读文章的第三段,并根据第一句话可推断第三段主要介绍几种解释智力分数提高的不同理论。故选C项。
答案:C
7.The writer believes that computer games .
A.have discouraged people from taking exercise
B.have made young people become less intelligent
C.have helped improve people’s visual intelligence
D.have caused young people to have poorer vocabularies
解析:推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第二句话可推断电脑游戏有助于提高人们的视觉智力。故选C项。
答案:C
8.Which statement would Professor Flynn agree with?
A.People today are taking easier tests.
B.People today have fewer problems to solve.
C.Not all aspects of intelligence have increased.
D.The language ability of people has improved.
解析:主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据文章的最后一段的最后一句话可推断Professor Flynn同意不是智力的每一个方面都得到了提高。故选C项。
答案:C
C
(2015长春第二次质监)
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Welcome Aboard
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THREE SISTERS MOUNTAIN VILLAGE
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A spectacular adventure is waiting for you between Banff and Calgary,a short scenic drive to paradise.Join us for a fun,exciting and safe adventure in the Kananaskis and Bow Valley.
Adventures are available for all ages and skill levels.
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www.insideoutexperience.com
【语篇导读】本文是广告应用类文章, 给广大旅游爱好者推荐了五个户外旅游的好去处。
9.The Smiths,a retired couple,would probably call for several quiet starry nights.
A.762-3473 B.1-877-344-7117
C.(866)388-2877 D.1-800-760-6934
解析:细节理解题。根据THREE SISTERS MOUNTAIN VILLAGE中的“All the stars will be there”可知,在Three Sisters Mountain Village可以度过几个安静的繁星满天的夜晚。其电话是C项。
答案:C
10.The Johnsons(aged 9-68),adventure lovers,are more likely to check for more information.
A.www.minnewankaboattours.com
B.www.rockiesairtours.com
C.www.brewster.ca
D.www.insideoutexperience.com
解析:细节理解题。根据RAFTING & OUTDOOR ADVENTURES中的“Adventures are available for all ages and skill levels”可知,这个地方的冒险旅游活动适合各个年龄段。其网址是D项。
答案:D
11.What kind of activities do the five tours all provide?
A.Outdoor activities. B.Adventurous activities.
C.Educational activities. D.Free activities.
解析:推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知,它们的共同点是都是户外活动。故选A项。
答案:A
12.Where can the passage be probably found?
A.In a tour brochure. B.In science fiction.
C.In a textbook. D.In a TV guide.
解析:文章出处题。本文是广告应用类文章,给广大旅游爱好者推荐了五个户外旅游的好去处,故这篇文章应该来自于旅游小册子,选A项。
答案:A