语法专题9 非谓语动词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·安徽，27改编)________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
答案：Ignoring 设空处位于句首，考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语，再分析句子成分，句中已有谓语动词will be，句中缺少的是主语，再根据句意可知应用动名词形式。句意为：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________ the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。
2．(2017·四川，5改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ (develop) after great effort.
答案：developed 提示词为动词，且句中已有谓语was satisfied to see，便会考虑此处为“动词(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)＋名词或代词＋宾补”结构；再根据所给的动词和其逻辑主语的关系确定答案。句意为：经过一番努力之后，看到许多新产品被开发出来，经理感到很满意。此处为see sth. done结构，动词develop与宾语many new products之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补表示被动、已完成，故答案为developed。
3．(2017·广东，25)We got a little ________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
答案：sunburned或sunburnt 给出的提示词为动词，并且句中也有了谓语动词got，考虑设空处应用非谓语动词形式；再分析sunburn与其逻辑主语we的关系可判断应用过去分词形式。本题考查“get＋过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词，且sunburn与we之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为sunburned或sunburnt。
4．(2017·天津，5改编)Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only______(find) it didn't fit.
答案：to find 给出的提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词took和tried，故此处考虑用非谓语动词作状语；再根据空前的only及句意可判断此处为“only＋不定式”结构。句意为：她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
5．(2015·课标全国，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
答案：living 分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges，从而判断此处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系，最后确定填现在分词形式。句意为：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故填living作后置定语。
6．(2015·北京，21改编)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
答案：To catch To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。
7．(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
答案：enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。
8．(2015·天津，5改编)________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
答案：Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
9．(2015·天津，8改编)________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
答案：Having worked 该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。
10．(2015·陕西，17改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
答案：to thank go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。
11．(2015·陕西，18改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
答案：taken 分析结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。
12．(2015·浙江，18改编)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform) live is quite another.
答案：being performed 由live(现场直播)可知“听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。
13．(2015·湖南，30改编)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.
答案：wondering 句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作伴随状语。
14．(2015·湖南，34改编)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them.
答案：to talk talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
15．(2015·重庆，11改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars.
答案：using using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。
16．(2015·福建，28改编)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
答案：To learn 由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。
17．(2015·福建，33改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
答案：combining 由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。
18．(2015·江苏，24改编)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
19．(2015·广东省七校联合体联考)When there was no place in the whole field ________(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.
答案：left 句意：当整块儿地都没有什么可挖的地方时，兔子挖了一个隧道，直通到狗一直躺着的地方。这里的提示词leave和前面的place是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用left。
20．Henry can't attend the party ________(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ________(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.
答案：being held; to be held 考查非谓语动词作定语。第一空，根据at present可知，hold这个动作正在进行，且hold与party之间是动宾关系，故用being held；第二空，根据tomorrow可知，hold这个动作尚未发生，且hold与party之间是动宾关系，故用to be held。
.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the past, if I had to look away from my phone, I felt like I was going to die. When I had lunch with my family or dated with my friends, I couldn't resist __1__(reply) to a text message or checking my Facebook, We Chat on __2__ mobile phone. Before long, it was easy for me __3__(get) tired. The more I texted during the day, the __4__(poor) my sleep was. I couldn't even focus on my study.
My friend told me that people __5__ can't help checking their phones all day are known as phubbers(低头族). Phubbing trends not only involve the young people, but __6__ elderly. Soon, I found a slogan on a website as follows: stop twittering, stop posting photos...
__7__(thankful), I realized there was actually an outside world. My __8__ (divide) attention could keep me from what is truly important. Now, I can use the phone without __9__(feel) like a drug addict. I have more time __10__(enjoy) reallife activities. Use your cell phone and don't let it use you.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．replying resist后用动名词作宾语。
2．the on the phone“在手机上”，是固定短语。
3．to get it是形式主语，本空所填的动词不定式是真正主语。
4．poorer 由前面的the more判断填poorer，本句为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句式。
5．who/that 本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，并在从句中作主语，故用who或that。
6．the 形容词前用定冠词，表示一类人，the elderly“老年人”。
7．Thankfully 作句子状语，意为“幸亏，幸好”，所以本空填副词Thankfully。
8．divided 作attention的定语，与attention之间是被动关系，故填divided，表示“被分散了的精力”。
9．feeling 位于介词后用动名词形式。
10．to enjoyhave more time to do sth.“有更多的时间去做某事”，动词不定式作定语。
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．(2015·黑龙江大庆铁人学校期中)Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first.
答案：shake改为shaking 在when it comes to...句型中，to为介词，所以要用动名词作to的宾语。
2．(2015·河北保定模拟)The express company will get all these goods received delivering to the customers today.
答案：delivering改为delivered 句意为：快递公司今天将会把所有这些收到的货物派送给顾客们。deliver与其逻辑主语these goods之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即these goods为deliver动作的承受者，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语，此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
3．(2017·辽宁)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
答案：understanding改为understand It's difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”，其中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。故将understanding改为understand。
4．(2015·山西太原联考)I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.
答案：locating改为located 句意为：我和我的两个朋友一起，正在位于纽约市中心的一家中餐馆里用餐。(be) located in...为固定用法，意为“坐落于……”。故将locating改为located。
5．(2015·吉林长春外国语学校期中)We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.
答案：remember改为remembering 句意为：我们所有人都很享受这宝贵的一天，记着我们一起度过的时光。句中已有谓语动词enjoyed，因此remember应用非谓语动词形式；remember与主语we之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6．(2015·浙江重点中学协作体联考)But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.
答案：raising改为raised 句意：但现在我们经常讨论并尽力解决老师或我们自己提出来的问题。根据by可知，“问题”是“被老师或我们自己提出”，故应用过去分词作定语。
7．(2015·江西红色六校联考)The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
答案：express前加to 句意为：一个人表达思想的能力在一定程度上决定了他在大学里的发展。抽象名词ability等词后通常用不定式作定语。
8．(2015·黑龙江大庆铁人中学月考)The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days.
答案：choosing改为chosen 句意为：几天后，学生会办公室将联系已被选出的候选人来面试。这里指的是“已被选出的候选人”，表示被动和完成，所以用过去分词作定语。
9．(2015·江西上饶六校重点中学联考)Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.
答案：Travel改为Travelling 作句子的主语，表示事实，用动名词。动词原形不能作句子的主语。
10．(2015·浙江台州调研考试)They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.
答案：say改为saying can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短语。