语法专题13 名词性从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·北京，33改编)I truly believe________beauty comes from within.
答案：that 考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用的that。
2．(2015·陕西，19改编)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
答案：what 考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词for后接了宾语从句。从句中缺少achieved的宾语，故要用what来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。
3．(2015·安徽，25改编)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.
答案：what what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。
4．(2015·浙江，6改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
答案：what investigate后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。
5．(2015·湖南，26改编)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
答案：where 本题考查宾语从句的引导词。You have to know后面是一个宾语从句，________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there是一个完整的句子，应用连接副词where来引导从句。句意：如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你要去哪里。
6．(2015·重庆，8改编)We must find out ______ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
答案：when 考查宾语从句。find out后面接一个宾语从句，根据句意应用when。句意：我们必须弄明白Karl什么时候来，这样我们才能给他预订房间。
7．(2015·福建，29改编)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
答案：how 句意为：——我想知道玛丽这么多年是如何保持良好的身材的。——每天坚持锻炼。wonder后是宾语从句，根据答语中的by可知第一句就方式提问，故填how，意为“如何，怎样”。
8．(2015·浙江杭州一模改编)We know from the survey on cigarettes ________ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.
答案：that 句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。
9．(2015·湖南长郡中学月考改编)Following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.
答案：that 句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。
10．(2015·重庆一中检测改编)Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black.
答案：what 句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。
11．(2015·浙江温州十校联考改编)New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.
答案：that 句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。
12．(2015·天津十二区县联考改编)There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.
答案：that 句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。
13．(2017·湖南，24改编)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what 句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。
14．(2017·陕西，15改编)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
答案：When 句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。
15．(2017·福建，34改编)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
答案：what/whatever/anything 句意为：振作起来，勇气就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析题干可知，doing后为宾语从句，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语且表物。也可填anything。
16．(2017·安徽合肥教学质检改编)The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
答案：whoever 句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。
17．(2017·四川成都二诊改编)I couldn't imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.
答案：how 句意为：我无法想象这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。
18．(2017·四川，2改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”
答案：where 句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
19．(2017·北京，33改编)Some people believe______has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
答案：whatever 句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填whatever。
20．(2017·重庆，12改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday？
—Yeah, but I have no idea______he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
答案：why 句意为：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明idea的内容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用why引导。
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1__ I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5__ literature became my vocation.
Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued __7__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts __8__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.when 2.that 3.That 4.that 5.that 6.Whether
7．that 8.how 9.What 10.Why
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．(2015·河北唐山一中期中)I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.
答案：what改为which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。
2．(2015·浙江重点中学协作体适应性测试)You want to know that everthing is going in our school.
答案：that改为how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。
3．(2015·四川绵阳南山实验高中一诊)The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.
答案：what改为that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。
4．(2015·贵州遵义航天高级中学三模)There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
答案：whether改为that 否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。
5．(2015·贵州省贵阳市普通高中期末监测)At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.
答案：that改为why 根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。
6．(2015·甘肃西北师大附中月考)Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.
答案：Which改为What What is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。
7．(2015·河南适应性测试)I went up and asked what I could help them.
答案：what改为if/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。
8．(2015·陕西西工大附中二模)As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.
答案：As改为It 本句是一个it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改为it。如果用as，则为As is known to all, millions of graduates...。
9．(2015·云南师大附中月考)That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence.
答案：That改为What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。
10．(2015·云南统一复习检测)Next, we can know ________is going on at any time.
答案：what know后是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填what。