语法专题15 构词法
Ⅰ.根据语境，用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is ________(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in most countries.
答案：illegal 句意：大多数国家，酒后开车违法。
2．________ (lead) advertisements are not allowed by law.
答案：Misleading 句意：法律不允许误导的广告。
3．It is ________(reasonable)to stick to this absurd proposal.
答案：unreasonable 句意：坚持这种荒谬的建议是不合理的。
4．You must be ________(literate) if you have not heard of Shakespeare.
答案：illiterate 句意：如果你没听说过莎士比亚，那你一定是文盲的。
5．There exists the ________(balance) between the rich and poor countries.
答案：imbalance 句意：富国与穷国之间存在着不平衡。
6．Her illness had made her completely ________(mobile).
答案：immobile 句意：她的病使得她完全不能活动了。
7．His identity is ________(know) to us so we have to confirm.
答案：unknown 句意：他的身份为我们所不知，所以我们得证实。
8．He seems to be ________(aware)of the trouble he is making.
答案：unaware 句意：他似乎不知道他正造成的麻烦。
9．Jim is ________(patient)with his little sister who is so noisy.
答案：impatient 句意：吉姆对他吵闹的小妹妹不耐烦。
10．The ________(expect)death of her son made her sad.
答案：unexpected 句意：她儿子意外死亡让她很悲伤。
11．Running a business without a budget(预算) is ________(practical).
答案：impractical 句意：经营生意而没有预算是不实际的。
12．The government ________(close) that another ambassador had been arrested for spying.
答案：disclosed 句意：政府公开另一个外交大使因间谍罪被逮捕。
13．The bright dress is ________(proper)for a funeral.
答案：improper 句意：鲜艳的衣服不合适参加葬礼。
14．This delay was ________(avoidable)so we had to be patient.
答案：unavoidable 句意：延迟不可避免，所以我们得耐心。
15．His income is ________(adequate) to meet his basic needs and he has to find another job.
答案：inadequate 句意：他的收入不足以满足基本要求，他得再找份工作。
16．Students get a ________(count)of 25% on plane tickets.
答案：discount 句意：学生享有25%的机票折扣。
17．The water is ________(fit)for drinking and you have to go without water.
答案：unfit 句意：这水不适宜饮用，你只能不喝水了。
18．It's ________(honesty)to lie about one's age.
答案：dishonest 句意：谎报自己的年龄是不诚实的。
19．The injured man was ________(capable)of walking, so he had to be carried.
答案：incapable 句意：那个受伤的人不能走路，所以他得被人背着。
20．He was ________(ability)to sleep at night because of his anxiety.
答案：unable 句意：由于焦虑，晚上他不能入睡。
.用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The Chinese people are very ________(friend) to foreigners.
答案：friendly 空处应填friend的形容词形式。
2．I think it'll be ________(sun)this afternoon.
答案：sunny 空处应填形容词作表语。
3．David moved ________(caution) forward.
答案：cautiously 句意：大卫小心翼翼地往前挪。
4．Without reform, social and economic problems can only be ________(bad).
答案：worse 句意：没有改革，社会和经济问题只会每况愈下。
5．The teacher gave them ________(instruct)to arrive early tomorrow morning.
答案：instructions 句意：老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。
6．Excessive dosage(剂量)of this drug can result in ________(injure)to the liver.
答案：injury 名词injury表示“伤害”。
7．“Thank you.” is a polite ________(express) which is widely used in English.
答案：expression a polite expression表示“一种礼貌的表达”。
8．He ________(brave)went into the burning house to rescue the baby. Everybody present praised him for his ________(brave).
答案：bravely; bravery 第一空用副词修饰动词；第二空前有物主代词his，后面用名词。
9．Most Chinese like drinking tea, while ________(America) like coffee.
答案：Americans Americans与前一句中Chinese相呼应。
10．More and more people go in for sports in modern ________(time).
答案：times in modern/ancient times“在现代/古代”，为固定搭配。
11．Nice to meet you, Tom. Did you have a good ________(fly)？
答案：flight 形容词后接名词。
12．Too much hunting ________(danger) many species in the past.
答案：endangered 动词作谓语，根据in the past可知用一般过去时。
13．Harry Potter is a boy who is full of ________(imagine).
答案：imagination 名词imagination表示“想象力”。
14．After ________(graduate), he left China for America for further study.
答案：graduation/graduating 介词后接名词或动名词。
15．If you want to go ________(travel), you'd better get everything ready in advance.
答案：traveling go traveling/swimming/fishing/camping/shopping等为固定结构。
16．Which means of ________(transport) will you use if you travel to Beijing？
答案：transportation means of transportation“交通方式”。
17．You should assume that the ________(win) would receive big money but they only got a certificate.
答案：winners 从后而的they可以看出，此处指“获胜者”，并且要用复数。
18．________(surprise), he should lose his temper in public.
答案：Surprisingly 副词surprisingly表示“令人吃惊地”，修饰整个句子。
19．________(expect), the injured athlete came first in the 100meter dash.
答案：Unexpectedly 副词unexpectedly表示“出人意料地”，修饰整个句子。
20．The fish is a bit ________(smell). We can't eat it.
答案：smelly be动词后用形容词。smelly“臭的”。
21．Look up the ________(mean)of the word in the dictionary.
答案：meaning 名词meaning表示“意思”。
22．New ________(science) discoveries are being made at an increasing speed.
答案：scientific 形容词scientific表示“科学的”。
23．The mother ________(dress) her baby and gave it a bath.
答案：undressed 动词undress表示“脱衣”，与gave一致，用过去时。
24．The scenery of Zhangjiajie is so ________(attract) that many tourists go there every year.
答案：attractive 形容词attractive表示“迷人的”。
25．The farmer was bitten to death by________(poison) snakes.
答案：poisonous 形容词poisonous表示“有毒的”。