2017届高考英语一轮专题突破解题策略课件：6 必修3 阅读理解之写作目的与观点态度题（新人教版）

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　　　第一部分　必修三　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 专题突破解题策略(六) 必修三 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 写作意图题与观点态度题也是阅读理解中常见的题目，且难度较大，它主要考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度，考生是否能在掌握主旨大意的情况下了解作者写作目的是什么。分析掌握作者的写作目的也是准确把握文章主题的功能之一。近几年高考题中这两种类型的题目呈现上升趋势，考生不能忽略它们的比重。 阅读理解之写作目的与观点态度题 1.写作意图类

　　写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。

　　一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。 [典例1]　(2015·浙江高考C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to

　　receive us by filling it with light.

　　The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill­designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is

　　affected.

　　In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our

　　experience，beyond memory almost. We've lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

　　Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.

　　Living in a glare of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being，which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

　　52．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________. A．provide examples of animal protection B．show how light pollution affects animals

　　C．compare the living habits of both species

　　D．explain why the number of certain species has declined

　　[解析]　B　文章介绍了光污染对于动物和人类的影响，呼吁我们反思我们的行为。根据第二段第一句话“The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences 这项工程带来好处的同时也带来了坏处”和最后一句，“Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected”，

　　此句意为无论光洒在什么地方，生活都会受到一些影响。 所以答案是show how light pollution affects animals说明光污染影响动物。

　　[典例2]　(2015·天津高考D) Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave—and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid. ... So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

　　55．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to be courageous. B．To advise people to build up physical power. C．To tell people the ways to guarantee success. D．To recommend people to develop more abilities. [解析]　A　本文是一篇议论文。作者联系自己的经历说明了大胆的重要性，并鼓励人们有勇气和胆量。

　　[典例3]　(2015·重庆B) In ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead with more tactics(策略)． ...

　　When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few seconds upon walking in the door, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses. 43．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To explain how businesses turn people into their customers. B．To introduce how businesses have grown from the past. C．To report researches on customer behavior. D．To show dishonest business practices. [解析]　A　本文在解释为什么要把水果放在店里的最显眼的位置，目的是促进后面的商业交易，故选A项。 2．观点态度类 态度倾向推断题旨在考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某人/事物所持的观点或态度，它要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价，此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。要正确把握文章字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点。另外，要特别留意那些描写环境、气氛的语言以及表达感情、态度或观点的词语。 [典例4]　(2015·湖北卷E) Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there's always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. ... On the whole Brooks's story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks's attempt to translate his tale into science. 69．What is the author's general attitude towards the book? A．Contradictory.B．Supportive. C．Cautious.

　　D．Critical.

　　[解析]　D　本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks的新书The Social Animal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D项。 无论写作意图还是作者态度，这两种类型的题目均是推断题中的一部分，因此，解答此类题目必须要准确定位主旨大意， 不可有任何偏离。 走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语

　　　第一部分　必修三