走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语
第一部分 必修一 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 专题突破解题策略(一) 必修一 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。 阅读理解之主旨大意题 1.采用浏览法抓住主题句。 主题句通常在文章开头或结尾，而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾。主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词或短语”后，如：in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。 [典例1] (2015·安徽高考B) When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up. Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.... Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the An's corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
63．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．How to Run a Corporation B．Strength Comes from Peace C．How to Achieve a Big Dream D．Family Unity Builds Success
[解析] D 根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结)．”和第三段“to succeed we must have unity”与“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。
[典例2] (2017·浙江高考A) Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)．There are lessons in that timehonored coinsavings container. ...
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education，weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely. 45．The last paragraph talks about ________. A．the seriousness of educating children B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip C．the importance of managing money D．the difficulty of starting a business [解析] C 文章由piggy bank文化谈起，介绍它名称的由来及发展，最后告诫人们要及早明智地储备好自己的钱以备后用。由文章最后一段的叙述可知人一生中需要钱的时候很多，所以最后一句话告诫人们当有钱时要储存、明智地投资。so为总结性词汇，故可知答案选C项。 2．抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。 寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 [典例3] (2015· 江苏高考C) Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work. Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract. People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I'm required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must. Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? 64．What is the best title of the passage? A．How to Get People to Volunteer B．How to Study Volunteer Behaviors C．How to Keep Volunteers' Interest D．How to Organize Volunteer Activities [解析] A 本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项(如何使人们从事志愿者服务)是文章的最佳标题。 3．抓住主线和关键，归纳文章大意。 没有主题句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的高频词汇来确定主题，最后进行归纳总结。 [典例4] (2017·福建高考D) Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes. Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities (能力)
to enjoy life.
Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut. Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅),
a royal palace.
Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.
Here are several rooms your house of life should have. ...
Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.
71．What would be the best title for the passage? A．House of Life
B．Secret of Wealth C．Rest and Refreshment
D．Interest and Enthusiasm [解析] A 本文强调的是精神追求，且文中多处出现了关键词life以及house of life，故可确定答案是A项。 该类题型中的干扰项与正确项有以下特点，同学们请注意： 1.正确选项的特点 (1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。 (2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。 2.干扰项的特点 (1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。
(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 (3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 (4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析之后会发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。 (5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。 走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语
第一部分 必修一