第15练 阅读＋七选五＋语法填空＋短文改错
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 话题：动物世界 词数：330 时间：7′
Tropical fish hobbyists will tell you their tanks are a source of relaxation，but recent research suggests the fish might disagree.
Many American households contain a fish tank，whose average size is less than 10 gallons.Yet a study comparing the behavior of common freshwater fish found that those kept in such small tanks were more aggressive than those in larger ones and were more likely to fight.
“If people kept dogs in these conditions，they'd be put in prison，” said the author，Ronald Oldfield.“In larger tanks，the fish were not in continuous eyesight of each other.They were swimming around，checking everything out rather than beating each other，” he added.“It's something we should think about.”
The study consisted of two experiments.In one，Dr.Oldfield tested the effects of overcrowding by keeping tank size constant (不变) while increasing the number of fish.In the other，he tested environment by placing three fish in tanks of different sizes.He then recorded their behavior at least two hours after feeding，to eliminate (排除)competitive behaviors related to food.While aggression seemed to remain constant regardless of the number of fish in a tank，it dropped off considerably once the fish were placed in a 100－gallon tank with several plants and rocks to form shelters.
The findings confirmed what he found when observing Midas in the wild.“If you go out and observe these fish swimming in a river，” he said，“they're not aggressive at all，really.” This conclusion is not news to Justin Muir，the owner of a fish tank business.“More volume of water is always better.It keeps the fish healthier，and the tank is more stable.”
【语篇解读】 本文叙述了热带鱼的生活习性。当它们的生活空间越小时，它们的侵略性就越强；反之，如果生活空间越大，侵略性越小。
1．We can conclude from the study that ________．
A．the fish in small rivers are more likely to fight than those in larger ones
B．if you keep fish in tanks of less than 10 gallons，you'll be put into prison
C．people haven't paid enough attention to the feeling of fish in smaller tanks
D．the fish in the wild are more aggressive than those kept in tanks
答案 C [推理判断题。由第二段和第三段内容可知，人们大多把鱼养在小的鱼缸里，故选C项。A项中讲的是河流，而全文讲的是鱼缸，故A项错误；由第三段第一句可知B项错误；由全文特别是最后一段可知D项错误。]
2．How was the first experiment performed?
A．By putting more and more fish in the same tank.
B．By putting fish in tanks of different sizes.
C．By putting some food to test the behavior of fish.
D．By putting fish in a tank with plants and rocks.
答案 A [细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知答案。]
3．The two experiments prove that ________．
A．food competition results in the aggressive behavior of fish
B．fish become more aggressive as more fish are put into a tank
C．crowding is the main cause of the aggressive behavior of fish
D．fish become less aggressive when placed in a 100－gallon tank
答案 D [推理判断题。由倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果把鱼放在100加仑的鱼缸里，它们会停止攻击，故选D项。A项太片面；由倒数第二段最后一句可排除B、C两项。]
4．The best title for this passage might be ________．
A．Animals' Right to Live at Ease
B．Picture of Relaxation Only If You're Not Inside
C．How to Keep Tropical Fish as Pets
D．How to Deal with Fish's Aggressive Behavior
答案 B [主旨大意题。由短文内容可知，作者主要告诉我们鱼缸的大小决定鱼生活得是否舒适、侵略性的大小，B项。]
B
体裁：说明文 话题：青少年成长 词数：300 时间：7′
Teenagers who sit down to family meals are less likely to be depressed or take risks with drugs and alcohol，new research shows.
A new study looking at the role of family meals in the health and well－being of young people is the first study on the issue in New Zealand.It uses data collected nationally from more than 9，000 secondary school pupils.It finds that those who eat with their families frequently are less likely to report suicidal (自 thoughts，less likely to be smokers and less likely to indulge__in drinking，drugs and so on.It says social changes such as more television channels，more mothers working and cheap fast food have changed the status of the family meal.
However，the good news for New Zealand is that one－third of young people reported sharing meals with their families seven or more times a week and an additional 40 percent shared meals three to six times a week.
Author
Jennifer
Utter，a
senior
lecturer
at
Auckland University，said sitting down for dinner created an opportunity for parents to check in with children and see how their day had been.Young
people
who
ate
with
their
parents
reported
better connectedness and better communication.Family meals indicate strong，healthy relationships.The high proportion of families eating together was encouraging，she said.“A lot of families do seem to want to spend time together.It's a really positive finding.”
Previously a household would have only one breadwinner and there would always be someone at home for children to talk to.Nowadays，it often took the income of two people to keep the family afloat(能维持下去) and it would be harder for parents to have dinner with
their
children.Chief
families
commissioner
Carl Davidson said teens who ate meals with their families reported better health，and were less likely to be depressed.“We probably all know that eating together is worthwhile，but this research shows that those shared meals aren't just nice to have but are actually a fundamental contributor to family well－being.”
【语篇解读】 新的研究表明：能经常与家人共同进餐的青少年患抑郁症或酗酒、吸毒的可能性小，而且他们也具有较好的沟通、交流能力。
5．Why is it more difficult for parents to have dinner with their children?
A．Because children are busy with their study.
B．Because eating as family can make them put on weight.
C．Because the meals cooked at home are not as delicious as fast food.
D．Because parents have to earn money to support the whole family.
答案 D [细节..it often took the income of two people to keep the family afloat and it would be harder for parents to have dinner with their children.可知D项正确。]
6．What do the underlined words “indulge in” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．be tired of
B．be fit for
C．be addicted to
D．be content with
答案 C [词义猜测题。be tired of意为“对……厌倦”；be fit for意为“适合”；be addicted to意为“对……上瘾”；be content with意为“对……满意”。根据上文的are less likely to report suicidal thoughts，less likely to be smokers and...可知C项正确。]
7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Eating as Family Aids Teens' Health.
B．Eating as Family Helps Teens Lose Weight.
C．Eating as Family Saves Much Energy.
D．Eating as Family Benefits Parents.
答案 A [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文旨在告诉读者：与家人共同进餐有益于青少年的身心健康，故A项正确。]
Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Faces，like fingerprints，are unique.Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people？__8__Yet a very young child—or even an animal，such as a pigeon—can earn to recognize faces.We all take this for granted.
__9__When we talk about someone's personality，we mean the ways in which he or she acts，speaks，thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face，human personality is very complex.But describing someone's，personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face.__10__ But if you were asked to describe a “nice person”，you might begin to think about someone who was kind，considerate，friendly，warm，and so forth.
There are many words to describe how a person thinks，feels and acts.Gordon Allport，an American psychologist，found nearly 18，000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior.__11__ Bookworms，conservatives，military types—people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to “type” each other.Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's or the hero's role.In fact，the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona，meaning “mask”．Today，most television and movie actors do not wear masks.__12__
A．If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” look like，you probably would have a difficult time doing so.
B．But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad buys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
C．We also tell people apart by how they behave.
D．People have difficulty in describing the features of fingerprints.
E．And many of us use this information as a basis for describing，or typing his personality.
F．Experts say that actors differ in their behavioral and physical characteristics in acting.
G．Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.
答案 8.G 9.C 10.A 11.E 12.B
Ⅲ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)
W：Jack，how have your two sons been doing at school recently?
M：Don't ask！Mark never starts studying，and Jason never stops __13__(study)．
W：You're joking！I hear that Jason is likely __14__(be) at the top of his class after exams this year.
M：Yes，so his teachers say.He __15__(work) very hard at his books every evening for months on end recently.He is hoping to __16__ Harvard University.
W：Great.Maybe he'll become a university professor __17__(he) in the future.
M：Maybe.__18__ sometimes I wish he'd go out and enjoy himself __19__ a change.
W：Yes...What about the younger one?
M：Well，Mark's teachers say he has ability，but he __20__(rare) does his best.He does his homework in ten minutes every day and then __21__(rush) out to play football.
W：Perhaps he can make his fortune at football.People can make plenty of money from sports now.
M：My wife always worries about his future.
W：Perhaps you can have a talk with him now to find out __22__ he is thinking about his studies and future plans.
M：Good idea.I'll take your advice.
【语篇解读】 这是一段对话，对话围绕Jack的两个孩子的学习情况展开，一个爱学习，一个爱玩。
13．studying [考查动名词。固定短语stop doing sth“停止做某事”，符合语境。]
14．to be [考查固定短语。be likely to do sth为固定短语。]
15．has been working [考查现在完成进行时。根据时间状语“every evening for months on end recently”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间，故用has been working。]
16．attend/enter [考查动词短语。表示“上大学”可以用动词attend或enter。]
17．himself [考查反身代词。或许将来他自己会成为一位大学教授。此处用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。]
18．But [考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用转折连词But。]
19．for [考查介词。句意：但是有时候“我”希望他能出去玩得开心，改变一下。for a change意为“改变一下”，为固定短语，符合语境。]
20．rarely [考查副词。句意：Mark的老师说他有能力，但是他很少尽他最大的努力。此处用副词rarely“很少”修饰动词。]
21．rushes [考查一般现在时。句意：他每天花十分钟做他的家庭作业，然后冲出去踢足球。此处and连接两个并列谓语动词does和rushes。]
22．what [考查宾语从句。句意：或许你现在可以和他谈谈，弄清楚他对于学习和未来是如何想的。分析句子成分可知，在该宾语从句中，thinking缺少宾语，故用what引导。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线(—)，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2015·陕西二检)Last month I went to visit a small farm，and during the visit I see a farmer feeding pigs in a unusual manner.The farmer would lift a pig up to a nearby apples tree，and the pig would eat the apples off the tree direct.That is，the farmer would move the pig from one apple to the another until the pig was satisfying，and then he would start again with another pig.I watched this activity for some time with great surprised.Finally，I couldn't help saying to the farmer，“This is the worst method of feeding pigs which I can imagine.Just think of the time that would saved if you simply shook the apples off the tree and let the pigs eat it from the ground！”The farmer looked puzzled and replied，“What's time to a pig？”
答案
Last month I went to visit a small farm，and during the visit I
a farmer feeding pigs in
unusual manner.The farmer would lift a pig up to a nearby
tree，and the pig would eat the apples off the tree.That is，the farmer would move the pig from one apple to
another until the pig was，and then he would start again with another pig.I watched this activity for some time with great.Finally，I couldn't help saying to the farmer，“This is the worst method of feeding pigs
I can imagine.Just think of the time that would
saved if you simply shook the apples off the tree and let the pigs eat
from the ground！”The farmer looked puzzled and replied，“What's time to a pig？”