第4练 阅读＋完形＋短文改错
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
体裁：演讲稿 话题：成就梦想 词数：320 时间7′
Mrs.Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr.High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement(毕业典礼) speech this year.The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.
The first lady told the 170 graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academic achievements.While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service.“My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，” she said.“It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net.”
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago.My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，” she said.“I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement.Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid，” she said.“You are blessed.”
The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become.“That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，” she said.“But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail.” Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，“Oprah was demoted(降职) from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.“And then there's this guy Barack Obama.I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures.He lost his first race for Congress”，the first lady joked，“and now he gets to call himself my husband.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马致毕业生的演讲稿，演讲的主题是不要辜负自己的梦想。
1．When choosing her high school，Mrs.Obama ________．
A．was willing to meet challenges
B．was pushed to make a choice
C．failed to find an ideal school
D．wanted to study law
答案 A[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me”可知，她乐于面对挑战。故选A。]
2．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs.Obama wanted to tell graduates ________．
A．to start as a news reporter
B．to work hard to get promoted
C．to be brave enough to risk failing
D．not to waste time doing what they dislike
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第四段第四句中的“Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people”可推知，她提到Oprah，是想告诉毕业生们要勇敢地面对失败，失败只是他们C。]
3．What do we know about Mrs.Obama from the text?
A．This was the first time she had given a speech to graduates.
B．She complained about her school life in her speech.
C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University.
D．She is enthusiastic about public service.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“she ended up focusing on public service”可知，D项正确；根据第一段可排除A、C两项；根据第三段可排除B项，米歇尔只是感慨这样的学校并非为每个孩子而存在，并不是抱怨她的高中生活。故选D。]
4．Where can you probably find this text?
A．In a politics book.
B．On a news website.
C．In a graduation paper.
D．On Mrs.Obama's blog.
答案 B [推理判断题。本文是奥巴马夫人致毕业生的演讲稿，会成为一则热点资讯，所以应出现在资讯网站上。故选B。]
B
体裁：说明文 话题：GPS的功能 词数：365 时间：6′
Scientists know where earthquakes are likely to take place.But it is difficult for them to predict how strong an earthquake will be.Now，American researchers have found that it may be possible to predict the strength of future quakes.
The Earth's crust (地壳)—the outermost surface—is made up of large tectonic plates (地质板块)．As many as 20 tectonic plates cover the Earth.They move slowly，sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.
Timothy H．Dixon is a geologist of the University of South Florida.He and other scientists are using the global positioning system，or GPS to measure what he calls “slow－slip” events.By that，he means slow－moving earthquakes that cannot be measured by other instruments.
“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami (海啸) in 2004.So they can be the real killers.So what we think these slow－slip events are telling us is，they're letting off steam，so to speak，in areas of the fault.And if they let off enough steam，that part of the fault won't rupture．”
The more of the fault that ruptures，he says，the more powerful the earthquake is.
The scientists set up a number of GPS receivers 15 years ago in Costa Rica to measure the “slow－slip” events，which take place only every year or two.
People
always
want
to
know
when
an earthquake is going to happen.This technology cannot predict that.But Timothy Dixon says knowing how strong the quake might give officials time to improve building codes and make other preparations.
“You know the earthquake is more－or－less unavoidable.Even if you don't know exactly when it's going to happen，since you know it's going to happen，and you know how big it' s going to be，you can prepare accordingly.”
【语篇解读】 通过一般的方法只能了解到可能会在哪些地方发生地震，如果用GPS则能预测地震的强度。
5．When will an earthquake happen according to the passage?
A．When “slow－slip” plates meet each other.
B．When a tectonic plate is under another.
C．When two tectonic plates move at the same speed.
D．When tectonic plates move very slowly.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段“sometimes sliding under one another.Where that happens，earthquakes can take place.”可知，当一块地质板块进入到另一块的下面时，地震就发生了。]
6．According to Timothy Dixon，“slow－slip” events ________．
A．can
lead
to
large，sometimes
deadly earthquakes
B．take place at any time every year in Costa Rica
C．mean slow and weak earthquakes
D．can never be turned into earthquakes
答案 A [推理判断题。根据第四段“They're the kind of earthquake that made the big Japan earthquake in 2011 and the Sumatra earthquake and tsunami in 2004.So they can be the real killers.”可知，这种2011年日本大地震和2004年苏门答腊地震和海啸发生的原因，它们是真正的杀手。由此可推知，这种慢速的板块运动有时会导致大的、致命的地震。]
7．The underlined word “rupture” probably means ________．
A．reduce
B．break
C．appear
D．advance
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第五段可知，当这样rupture意为“破裂”。]
8．The passage mainly wants to tell the readers ________．
A．some knowledge about earthquakes
B．how to predict earthquakes
C．scientists are likely to predict the strength of future quakes
D．scientists can predict where earthquakes will happen with GPS
答案 C [主旨大意题。第一段即为主题段，根据本段最后一句并结合后面的内容可知，文章旨在告诉读者，今后科学家能够预测地震的强度。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2015·宝鸡二检)One evening after reading a story entitled “A Lady”，I began to recall an important moment in my life.It was simple but so precious that it has __9__ inside my mind for years.
It was a very cold winter evening when a friend of mine got seriously __10__ and was rushed to Westchester Medical Center，where she stayed unconscious for quite a while.Finally she was __11__．A friend and I decided to __12__ her，so we bought some flowers and were on our way.After quickly parking the car and signing in，we reached her __13__，but only a few minutes were __14__ with her.Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses.
We headed out to the car.__16__ did we know that we had to pay for parking.We had no money aside from a spare dollar or two __17__ from our lunch money that day.We had no idea what to do，so I __18__ to pay with whatever money we had，__19__ of course，I was way off.
A very sweet－hearted woman cleared her throat and said “Excuse me” in order to catch my __20__．She handed me a $ 20 bill.I __21__ that she should give me her __22__ and address and I will __23__ pay her back.She refused.I thanked her for her __24__ and told her how much it was appreciated.She turned to me and __25__ with one sentence，“Thank you；being able to help you makes me happy，too.”Her words were so unusual that I was very __26__ to hear that.
What she did might be considered a small act of __27__，but it is something I will never forget because it taught me that helping others could __28__ both the givers and the receivers.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文。作者无钱付停车费
9．A.struggled
B．remained
C．changed
D．recovered
答案 B [根据“so precious that”可知，它很珍贵，以至于留在作者心里多年。struggle“奋斗”；remain“留下”；change“改变”；recover“恢复”。根据语境，应选B项。]
10．A.injured
B．misunderstood
C．punished
D．scolded
答案 A [根据后文中的“where she stayed unconscious for quite a while”可知，作者的朋友伤(injured)得很重。misunderstand“误解”；punish“惩罚”；scold“责骂”。]
11．A.mad
B．ill
C．awake
D．asleep
答案 C [根据前文中的“she stayed unconscious for quite a while”及下文作者和朋友决定去看她可知，此处表示她终于醒(awake)了。]
12．A.look
B．pity
C．find
D．visit
答案 D [根据后文中的“so we bought some flowers and were on our way”可知，作者和一个朋友决定去探望她。visit“拜访，探望”，符合语境。]
13．A.room
B．home
C．school
D．office
答案 A [前文提到作者和一个朋友去探望那个受伤的朋友，后文提到护士要求他们离开，因此他们是去了她的病房。]
14．A.counted
B．saved
C．added
D．allowed
答案 D [根据后文中的“Pretty soon after our __15__，we were asked to leave by the nurses”可知，作者和朋友只被允许和她在一起待几分钟。allow“允许”，符合语境。]
15．A.experience
B．arrival
C．disappearance
D．interview
答案 B [探视时间很短，所以作者和朋友到达病房后很快就被护士请了出来。experience“经历，经验”；arrival“到达”；disappearance“消失”；interview“采访”。故选B项。]
16．A.Little
B．Actually
C．Clearly
D．Much
答案 A [根据“did we know”可知，此处使用了部分倒装，选项中只有将表示否定意义的词little放于句首才能构成倒装，因此选择A。]
17．A.earned
B．left
C．exchanged
D．borrowed
答案 B [根据前文可知，作者和朋友不知道要付停车费，后文提到他们不知道该怎么办，所以他们除了吃午饭剩下的一两美元外就没钱了。leave“留下，剩下”，符合语境。]
18．A.attempted
B．pretended
C．afforded
D．continued
答案 A [根据前文中的“We had no idea what to do”及“so”的因果关系可知，此处表示作者试图(attempted)用所有能拿出来的钱来支付。pretend“假装”；afford“买得起”；continue“继续”。]
19．A.because
B．and
C．although
D．or
答案 B [作者想B。]
20．A.smile
B．word
C．attention
D．impression
答案 C [根据前文中的“cleared her throat and said‘Excuse me’”可知，对方是想引起作者的注意。catch one's attention“吸引某人的注意力”。]
21．A.insisted
B．imagined
C．thought
D．believed
答案 A [根据语境可知，作者坚持让对方留下联系方式以便以后把钱还给她。insist“坚持”，符合语境。从句中使用了虚拟语气。]
22．A.account
B．title
C．contract
D．name
答案 D [根据后文中的“and address and I will __23__ pay her back”可知，作者希望她把姓名(name)和地址留下以便于以后还钱。]
23．A.probably
B．certainly
C．publicly
D．honestly
答案 B [作者很感激对方，说将来一定(certainly)要把钱还给她。probably“可能”；publicly“公开地”；honestly“诚实地”。]
24．A.publicity
B．loyalty
C．generosity
D．creativity
答案 C [对方递给了作者20美元，帮助作者付了停车费，因此作者感谢她的慷慨相助。publicity“公开，宣传”；loyalty“忠诚”；generosity“慷慨”；creativity“创造，创造力”。故选C项。]
25．A.started
B．shouted
C．followed
D．replied
答案 D [此处指对方用一句话回答了作者。reply“回答，回应”。]
26．A.frightened
B．anxious
C．surprised
D．calm
答案 C [根据对方的话以及“so unusual”可知，作者感到吃惊。frightened“害怕的”；anxious“焦虑的”；surprised“吃惊的”；calm“平C项。]
27．A.respect
B．order
C．kindness
D．belief
答案 C [她的做法可能被认为是小的善举，因此选择C。respect“尊敬”；order“命令”；kindness“善良，善举”；belief“信仰”。]
28．A.protect
B．attract
C．direct
D．benefit
答D [此处指帮助别人能使给予帮助和受到帮助的人都受益。protect“保护”；attract“吸引”；direct“指挥”；benefit“有益于”。故选D项。]
Ⅲ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The summer holiday is coming.I am going to do much things that I want to do.For examples，firstly I will join a soccer club，because I like playing the soccer.During this holiday，I want to practice more improve my skills.Secondly I will go to see my grandma，which I miss very much.Because I want to stay with him for several days.Lastly I will help my mother do some housework.She has been really tiring during my school days.Besides taking care of me，she also had to work in a factory.Therefore，help her on holiday is what I want to do most.
答案
The summer holiday is coming.I am going to do
things that I want to do.For ，firstly I will join a soccer club，because I like playing
soccer.During this holiday，I want to practice more
improve my skills.Secondly I will go to see my grandma， I miss very much.
I want to stay with
for several days.Lastly I will help my mother do some housework.She has been really
during my school days.Besides taking care of me，she also
to work in a factory.Therefore，
her on holiday is what I want to do most.