代词02
3. another, the other, other, others, the others
(1)another和the other:
两者都是“另一个”的意思,但数量上有区别:用 another指两个以上的数量,而the other只指两个中的另一个,例如:
He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer.(当然如果还有第四个,五个就是the fourth, the fifth)
He has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.
注:another除了可以作代词,还可以用作形容词。这里有必要区别another, the other和more的用法:
①another:
another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“数词+复数名词”看作是一个整体。例如:
—Have you finished your report yet?
—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.
There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.
②other:
表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the连用时,other要放在数词前。例如:
Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.
Do you know where he found the other two photos?
③more:
more一般位于数词之后,名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后。例如:
One more step(One step more),and I’ll shoot you.
Where shall we be in ten more years?
more除跟数词外,还可与many, a little,a few,a lot,several等词连用,例如:
There are many more dictionaries on the desk.
Would you like some more tea?
(2) others, the others
others是相对于some来说的:some...some....others... (一些……一些……另一些……)是泛指;而the others是特指另一些,相对于ones (可以理解为one, the other的复数)。例如:
Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboar. (泛指)
There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.(特指)
4. both, other, neither, each, any, all
both:两者都,谓语动词用复数;
either:两者中间的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;
neither:两者中间无任何一个,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数;
each:两个或两个以上中的每一个,谓语动词用单数;
any:三者或三者以上中的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;
all:三者或三者以上全部;
5. some, any, no
some属于肯定词,主要用于肯定句中,但当说话人期待肯定回答时,也可以用于疑问句中。例如:
Could I have some more tea, please?
Would you like some more coffee?
any属于非肯定词,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。它可以与形容词的比较级连用。例如:
Don’t come any closer, or I’ll shoot!
no属于否定词,用于否定句中:
no+可数名词单数=not a/an
no+可数名词复数=not any。例如:
There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. (注意thing前面没有冠词a)纵观历年高考试题,代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面:不定代词one,the one,ones,the ones;物主代词的用法;人称代词主格和宾格的用法;表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;指示代词this,that,these,those,it的用法;another,(the)other(s),else;the rest的用法;every-,some-,any-,no-与-thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。
考点1
人称代词
一般地说人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时用宾格;作定语时用形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格形式。
1.用于无谓语的句子中
一Dpes any of you know why Jack hasn’t come yet?你们有谁知道杰克为什么还没有到吗?
一Me.我。
特别提示
答语如果带谓语,就得用主格,如:I can.和I do,too./So do I.
2.表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪
①Do you have good eyesight,young man?年轻人,你的视力好吗?
一Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我?我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。
②What?Me fight a big chap like him?Not me!什么?我同像他那样的大个子打架?不会是我!
3.代替as,than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中,尤其用于句末)
①I’m not as tall as him(he).我没有他个子高。
②)She is much more careful than me(I).她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all,both等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如:
He works harder than us a11.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。考点2指不代词
1.this/these,that/those
this,these指代下面要说的内容;that,those指代上面陈述过的内容。如:
①What I’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.关于如何提高我们的英语口语,我想说的是这样的。
②That’s a11.Thank you.我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)
③Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。
2.一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定
①Who’s that?你是谁?(打电话用语)
②)This is Mary.我是Mary。(打电话用语)
③11at’s all right/OK.不用谢。(对感谢的答语)
④nat’S nothing.没什么。(对道歉的答语)
‘
⑤That’s that.就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)
⑥That’S a11.就这些了。
⑦That is…那就是……
3.this,that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么”,用在形容词或副词前作状语,表示程度
It isn’t that cold.还没那么冷。
考点3不定代词
以下是几组易混不定代词:
1.some类不定代词与any类不定代词
(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中;any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如:
Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题,请举手。
(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some类的不定代词。如:
Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗?
(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何(一个);任何事情;无论什么”。如:
She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情。
2.all,both,neither,none
(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”。如:
①Both(of)his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。
②All(of)his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)
(2)neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数;none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人,也可用于物,后可接of短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式。如:
①Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。
②None of us has/have ever been to the Great wall.我们没有人去过长城。
3.any,either,each,every
(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。也可用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的概念;还可以用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如:
I didn’t eat any meat.我一点儿肉也没吃。
4.no,none,nothing,nobody
(1)no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:
You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。
(2)none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of连用。如:
①None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书都不适合年轻人读。
②一How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人?
一None.没人。
(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。如:
一Who is in the room?谁在屋内?
一Nobody.没有人。
5.it,one,ones, that和those
(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如:
①Where is that book?I can’t find it.那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。
②I haven’t got any erasers.Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮,请你给我一块好吗?
(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词,one前要用定冠词the,有时that和the one可互换使用。如:
The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed.这本书不如你借的那本有趣。
(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于:that既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时,用that,不用one。如:
①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan.最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。
②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door.这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。
Your coat is blue,and my new one is green.你的大衣是蓝色的,我的新大衣是绿色的。
(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如:
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。6.another,other,others,more
(1)another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示”再,又”。如:
①was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?
②we’d better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。
特别提示
表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student,不能说成another one student。
(2)other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some,any,no之后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”;接单数名词时,还可以用在冠词the后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other),或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others),others泛指”其他的(事物),别人”。如:
Done remained and the other went away.一个留下了,另一个走了。
②We should learn to treat others as equals.我们应该学会平等待人。
7.something,anything,everything,nothing
(1)something一般用在肯定句中,也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如:
Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?
(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如:
There isn’t anything inside.里面什么也没有。
(3)everything意为”一切事物”,可用在肯定句或疑问句中。
用于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如:
Everything is good when new,but friends when old.东西是新的好,朋友是老的亲。(谚语)
(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用。如:
①Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)
②Fools learn nothing from wise men,but wise men learn much from fools.愚者不学无术,智者不耻下问。(谚语)
典例1: Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _____ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
A something
B anything
C nothing
D everything
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:游泳是我最爱的运动。再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了。There is nothing like…意即”没有什么能像……了”。
典例2: Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn’t answer
of them.
A.other
B.any
C.none D.some
典例3: Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with
of their parents.
A.those B.one
C.both
D.that
解析D
句意:十分之九的家长认为他们教育孩子的方法和他们父母的教育方法有明显的差别。在同一句话中,指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类,即同名异物,要用that。
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