Module 4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2015·太原市二模)
The earth is dying before us yet we sit and watch. If the TV or the game system breaks, we run off to the stores to get it fixed immediately no matter what the cost. Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time?
The earth is our home and cannot be replaced. We must take care of it. We have come up with so much technology that limits us instead of helping us. Take that game system we run to repair. What does it do? It occupies kids' time! The earth has already given kids plenty of entertainment in the forms of fields and hills, forests and plains, water and land. However, instead of using what the earth has given us, and helping kids by giving them exercise as they run around, we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores. We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help us in any way!
We have already messed up this world. We have ruined the air, water, and animals that it has so willingly provided for us. We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before. It will not be easy, but everybody can help! What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room? Recycling what can be recycled? Picking up litter? Donating money to an environmental organization? None of these things are very hard. We can't just always say, “Oh, the earth is a mess. Ah, well, those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it.” Instead, we need to help out. It's not only those big companies; it's everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth. So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了地球在走向消亡的路上，号召人们停止毁坏地球的活动。
1．Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1?
A．To make people better aware of the urgency to the protection of the earth.
B．To expose the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.
C．To show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.
D．To remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.
答案：A 推理判断题。通过文章主旨及第一段最后一句“Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time？”和第二段前两句“The earth is our home and cannot be replaced.We must take care of it.”可知作者在让人们意识到保护地球的紧迫性。
2．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the author ________.
A．thinks we must take care of our irreplaceable home—the earth
B．thinks running around in fields occupies too much of kids' time
C．takes an extremely negative attitude to things like game systems
D．takes it for granted that technology gives kids plenty of entertainment
答案：C 推理判断题。通过第二段第六句中“It occupies kids' time! 和we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores....”可知作者对游戏系统都持有极其否定的态度。
3．We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deep ________.
A．anger B．emotion
C．sadness
D．regret
答案：B 推题判断题。通过文章中作者的疑问句和感叹句可以得知作者带着深厚的感情来写这篇文章。例如：Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? It will not be easy, but everybody can help!
4．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To criticize those big companies that ruin the earth.
B．To ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.
C．To give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment.
D．To call on people to stop ruining the earth.
答案：D 推理判断题。通过最后一段内容和最后一句“So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world！”可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是呼吁人们停止破坏地球。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2015·玉溪一中期中考试)
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
__1__Some people express anger openly in a calm and reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They cannot or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. __2__
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
__3__ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “__4__ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. __5__
A．They say that laughter is much healthier than anger.
B．Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it.
C．Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.
D．Anger may cause you a cancer.
E．Do not express your anger while angry.
F．Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G．In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
语篇解读：这篇文章讲的是愤怒对人的危害和如何解决这样的问题。
1．F 根据关键词feel、express，感受到“生气”，然后就是“表达”出来。
2．G 本句就是“they speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood”的结果，符合上下文逻辑顺序。
3．C 本句位于句首，一般是对下文的总结，因为下文讲的是如何处理anger的问题，故选C，关键词是solution。
4．E 关键词是do not express和下文中的until your anger has cooled down。
5．A 关键词是上文中的humor和选项中的laughter。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2015·江西九江一中调研)
Socialization is the way in which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life __1__ some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning __2__. Sometimes the learning is __3__， as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend. At other times, social learning is __4__， as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for __5__.
Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and __6__ experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our socialization with __7__， loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Negative socialization __8__ when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to“__9__ us a lesson”； and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who __10__ it on us. There are all types of mixes of positive and negative socialization; and the more positive social learning experiences we have, the happier we tend to be—especially if we learn useful information that helps us deal with the __11__ of life.
Our __12__ socialization helps explain a majority of who we are at present—what we think and feel, where we plan to go in life. But we are not __13__ by the things given to us by those learning experiences; we can take all our __14__days and guide our future social learning in directions that we __15__. The more that we know about the socialization procedure, the more effective we can be in __16__ our future learning in the ways that will help us most.
Because we were not able to __17__ our parents, and we were not able to __18__ much of the first 10 or 20 years of our socialization. However, most people learn to __19__their own socialization as they gain experience in life. It takes special skills to steer (掌舵) our own socialization, and many of us __20__ some of those skills naturally as we go through life but others may need to take some courses for those skills.
语篇解读：社会化是人与人之间相互学习的过程。文章从积极的和消极的角度分别对社会化进行了阐述，引领人们树立正确的社会化进程的学习观念。
1．A.if B．since
C．unless
D．while
答案：C 根据此空前的“and most people continue their social learning all through life”和空后的“some mental or physical disability”可知此处前面提到大部分人一生会持续他们的社会学习，而后面提及了精神或生理疾病，前后语义上是条件关系，故C项正确。
2.A.process
B．methods
C．progress
D．period
答案：A process意为“过程”；method意为“方法”；progress意为“进步”；period意为“一段时间，周期”。根据此空前的slows or stops the learning可知此处表示减慢或者停止学习过程，故A项正确。
3.A.tiresome
B．fun
C．burden
D．effortless
答案：B tiresome意为“令人厌倦的，讨厌的”；fun意为“有趣的，令人愉快的”；burden意为“负担”；effortless意为“容易的，应付自如的”。结合下文，该段最后一句提及的是社会学习的另一种情况，抓住其中“a large fine(惩罚，罚款)”可知此处指社会学习中令人愉悦的一面，故B项正确。
4.A.worthwhile
B．boring
C．valuable
D．painful
答案：D worthwhile意为“值得做的”；boring意为“令人讨厌的”；valuable意为“贵重的，宝贵的”；painful意为“痛苦的”。根据此空前的“At other times”可知此处指社会学习中令人痛苦的一面，故D项正确。
5.A.speeding
B．drunkdriving
C．casualparking
D．overload
答案：A speeding意为“超速行驶”；drunkdriving意为“酒后驾驶”；casualparking意为“随意乱停”；overload意为“超载”。根据此空前的提示“driver too fast”可知A项正确。
6.A.practical
B．exciting
C．personal
D．beneficial
答案：B practical意为“实际的”；exciting意为“令人兴奋的”；“令人愉快的”；personal意为“亲自的”；beneficial意为“有利的”。前后由and连接，填入的词应该与形容词pleasurable“令人愉快的”意思相近，由此确定B项正确。
7．A.motivation
B．conversation
C．information
D．conclusion
答案：A motivation为“动力，积极性”；conservation意为“谈话，会话”；information意为“信息”；conclusion意为“结论”。根据语境“我们倾向于喜欢那些将社会化充满动力、关怀以及有回报的人”可知A项正确。
8.A.occurs
B．fails
C．suffers
D．enters
答案：A occur意为“发生，出现”；fail意为“失败”；suffer意为“遭受”；enter意为“进入”。根据此空后的“when others use punishment，harsh criticisms or anger to try to...”可知此处A项正确。
9.A.tell
B．prepare
C．draw
D．teach
答案：D 与lesson搭配，动词用teach，teach sb.a lesson“教训某人”，固定结构。
10．A.cheat
B．test
C．force
D．request
答案：C cheat意为“欺骗”；test意为“测试”；force意为“强迫”；request意为“要求，请求”。与后面的介词on搭配，动词用force。force sth.on sb.意为“将某事强加于某人”，固定搭配。
11．A.opportunities
B．conditions
C．challenges
D．pleasures
答案：C opportunities意为“机会”；conditions意为“情况”；challenges意为“挑战”；pleasures意为“愉快，乐事”。根据此空前的动词短语deal with，再结合文意可知C项正确。
12．A.previous
B．current
C．positive
D．negative
答案：A previous意为“以前的”；current意为“当前的，流行的”；positive意为“积极的”；negative意为“否定的”，根据语境可知，之前的社会化帮助解释现在的我们，故A项正确。
13．A.surprised
B．limited
C．shaped
D．affected
答案：B be surprised by意为“惊讶于”；be limited by意为“局限于”；be shaped by意为“由……塑造”；be affected by意为“被……影响”。根据语境可知，我们并不会被那些学习经历给予我们的东西所束缚，故B项正确。
14．A.happy
B．healthy
C．remaining
D．past
答案：C happy意为“高兴的”；healthy意为“健康的”；remaining意为“剩下的，剩余的”；past意为“过去的”。此处涉及and连接的并列结构，根据此空后的days and guide our future...可知此处指我们的余生，因此C项正确。
15．A.doubt
B．lose
C．abandon
D．value
答案：D doubt意为“怀疑”；lose意为“丢失”；abandon意为“抛弃”；value意为“重视”。根据句意可知，此处指朝着我们认为有价值的方向引领我们未来的社会学习，故D项正确。
16．A.directing
B．describing
C．damaging
D．discovering
答案：A direct“管理，指导”；describe“描绘，描述”；damage“损害”；discover“发现”。根据上一句中“guide our future social learning”可知此处填入的词和guide意思相近，故A项正确。
17．A.socialize
B．select
C．support
D．blame
答案：B socialize意为“使……社会化”；select意为“选择”；support意为“支持”；blame意为“责备”。根据句意可知，我们不能“选择”父母，故B项正确。
18．A.enjoy
B．resist
C．repeat
D．control
答案：D enjoy意为“享受”；resist意为“抵制，抵抗”；repeat意为“重复”；control意为“控制”。根据语境可知此处指我们不能控制社会化进程的头10年或者20年，故D项正确。
19．A.influence
B．quit
C．continue
D．break
答案：A influence“影响”；quit“放弃”；continue“持续”；break“打破”。此处是上一句语义上的转折，上一句是不能控制，此处指“影响”自己的社会化，故A项符合语境。
20．A.put up
B．pick up
C．make up
D．turn up
答案：B put up意为“张贴；提出”；pick up意为“捡起；习得”；make up意为“组成；编造；化妆”；turn up意为“调大；出现”。与名词skill搭配，结合短文内容可知此处表示“自然地习得这些技能”，故B项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中、宜春中学联考)
Red envelopes __1__(relate) to the Chinese Lunar New Year for long. I myself have had plenty of __2__(experience) both receiving and giving out red envelopes in the past, and generally speaking, it's been fun. I mean，who doesn't love free money?
I'm truly surprised by the extent of people's obsession with virtual red envelopes this year. In fact, everyone I know spent at least a day or two __3__(crazy) shaking their smart phones，mostly trying to get as much lucky money as possible. Thanks to messaging app giant WeChat's new feature __4__ allows users to send money electronically, grabbing virtual red envelopes has never seemed so easy.
Just in case you are one of the very few people still not on the bandwagon, here's __5__ it works. Givers link their WeChat to their bank accounts, and then they can send specified amounts of money to their WeChat contacts through a personal message. They can also put the cash up __6__ grabs in chat groups full of friends, and anyone who acts fast enough will get __7__ share. Later，receivers can transfer the funds from their WeChat back into their own bank accounts.
In theory，this sounds like a fun game. I'm always for some harmless fun in life, so my natural response would be：Why not? Moreover, I've always believed that it's human nature to want free stuff, regardless of whether you actually need it or not. This may not be a good quality, __8__ it's not against the law, so I won't get all judgmental here. __9__(consider) these reasons, I really can't fault anyone for their enthusiasm in grabbing virtual red envelopes. I would have done it too, __10__ I not thought linking WeChat to my bank accounts was too much trouble.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
语篇解读：作者对春节期间所出现的通过手机抢红包这一现象发表了自己的看法。
1．have been related 考查时态。be related to为固定短语，意为：与……有关联。根据时间状语for long可知，应用现在完成时。
2．experiences 考查名词。experience作“经历”讲，为可数名词。此处表示复数概念，故用复数形式。
3．crazily 考查副词。设空处需用副词作shaking的状语，故答案为crazily。
4．that/which 考查定语从句。先行词为new feature，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The new feature allows users to send money electronically, grabbing virtual red envelopes...由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“事物”，故用关系代词that/which引导。
5．how 考查表语从句。根据下文有关微信抢红包程序的介绍可推知本空答案为how。
6．for 考查介词。句意：你也可以将现金放在微信朋友圈中，让网友去抢。根据句意可知设空处表示目的，故答案为for“为了”。
7．a 考查冠词。句意：动作快的人将会抢到一份。share名词，意为“一份”，share在本句中表示泛指，故与不定冠词连用。
8．but 考查并列连词。前后两句为转折关系，故用并列连词but。
9．Considering 考查非谓语动词作状语。Considering...为独立成分，意为：“考虑到……”。
10．had 考查虚拟语气。根据本句中主句谓语动词would have done可知从句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“had＋过去分词”。had I not thought linking WeChat to my bank accounts was too much trouble＝if I had not thought linking WeChat to my bank accounts was too much trouble。