Module
5-6
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·聊城一中阶段测试)
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin(辣椒素), which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which caused coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
语篇解读：这是一篇科普性读物。选材于医学的某一方面的研究——对巧克力中theobromine(可可碱)独特的治疗咳嗽的功效的对比研究，证明theobromine(可可碱)是未来有效的治疗咳嗽的良药。
1．According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ________.
A．cannot be as effective as codeine
B．can be harmful to people's health
C．cannot be separated from chocolate
D．can be a more effective cure for coughs
答案：D 推理判断题。从第二段的“Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.”可看出theobromine比codeine更有效，判断A项错误。既然它用来止咳，改善人们的生活质量，所以B项错误。在第一段提到了heobromine是从chocolate里提炼出来的，所以C项错误。故正确答案是D项。
2．What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
A．Theobromine.
B．Codeine.
C．Capsaicin.
D．Placebo.
答案：C 细节理解题。A、B、D三项中的物品是用来做实验的物品。在文章第四段最后一句“The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.”可知Capsaicin(辣椒素)用来引起咳嗽和作为这些药物如何止咳的依据。
3．We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment ________.
A．were patients with bad coughs
B．were divided into the three groups
C．received standard treatments
D．suffered little side effects
答案：B 推理判断题。从第四段首句“Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment.”可知实验中每组人吃一种所给的物品才能看出止咳的效果，故需要三组志愿者。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Codeine: A New Medicine
B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
答案：B 归纳主旨题。本文主要介绍chocolate中含有的一种成分Theobromine能有很好的止咳效果，所以该题的正确答案为B。
B
(2015·太原市高三二模)
The earth is dying before us yet we sit and watch. If the TV or the game system breaks, we run off to the stores to get it fixed immediately no matter what the cost. Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time?
The earth is our home and cannot be replaced. We must take care of it. We have come up with so much technology that limits us instead of helping us. Take that game system we run to repair. What does it do? It occupies kids' time! The earth has already given kids plenty of entertainment in the forms of fields and hills, forests and plains, water and land. However, instead of using what the earth has given us, and helping kids by giving them exercise as they run around, we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores. We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way!
We have already messed up this world; we have ruined the air, water, and animals that it has so willingly provided for us. We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before. It will not be easy, but everybody can help! What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room? Recycling what can be recycled? Picking up litter? Donating money to an environmental organization? None of these things are very hard. We can't just always say, “Oh, the earth is a mess. Ah, well, those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it.” Instead, we need to help out. It's not only those big companies; it's everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth. So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!
语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。作者通过电脑游戏对孩子的恶劣影响来反思我们做的许多事情已经毁坏了我们的母亲—地球，号召人们停止毁坏地球的活动。
5．Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1?
A．To make people better aware of the urgency to the protection of the earth.
B．To explore the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.
C．To show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.
D．To remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.
答案：A 判断推理题。通过文章主旨及第一段最后一句“Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time？”和第二段前两句“The earth is our home and cannot be replaced. We must take care of it.” 可知作者在让人们意识到保护地球的紧迫性。故选A。
6．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the author
________.
A．thinks we must take care of our irreplaceable home—the earth
B．thinks running around in fields occupies too much of kids' time
C．takes an extremely negative attitude to things like game systems
D．takes it for granted that technology gives kids plenty of entertainment
答案：C 判断推理题。 根据第二段第五句中“It occupies kids' time！” 和“we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores. We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way！”可知作者对诸如游戏系统都持有极其否定的态度。故选C。
7．We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deep ________.
A．anger
B．emotion
C．sadness
D．Regret
答案：B 观点态度题。A.anger“生气”；B.emotion“感情”；C.sadness“悲伤”；D.regret“遗憾”。通过文章中作者的疑问句和感叹句例如：Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? It will not be easy, but everybody can help! 可以得知作者写这篇文章带有深厚的感情。故选B。
8．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To criticize those big companies that ruin the earth
B．To ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.
C．To give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment
D．To call on people to stop ruining the earth
答案：D 主旨大意题。 A“批评毁坏地球的那些大公司”；B“让人们拯救被污染危害的孩子”；C“在干净的环境里给孩子充分的娱乐”；D“号召人们停止毁坏地球”。通读全文，并根据最后一段内容和最后一句“So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world！”可知本文的主旨在于唤醒人们停止毁坏地球。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2015·江淮十校联考)
Jasmine Harman, a famous TV presenter, was sunny and active. Nothing seemed to __1__ her down. But nearly a decade on, Jasmine spent the first years of her TV life
__2__a secret about her background—one she couldn't __3__ to be made public.
“When I started out in TV, I lived in fear of someone discovering about my __4__，” she admitted. Because her mother had a __5__
illness called Hoarding Disorder (囤积症). “Mom would keep
__6__ batteries, old speakers, broken dolls and baskets she __7__ in the street. Nothing would be thrown away. And she'd be __8__ if you ever tried to clear them up，” Jasmine recalled. Eventually, the entire family couldn't have a __9__ life.
Two years ago, Jasmine did something __10__. She made a documentary called My Hoarder Mom and Me about her family's battle to fight against her mom's disease. “I do __11__ our program will shine more light on the issue，” said Jasmine. Then a second program, Britain's Biggest Hoarders __12__.
Luckily, there are diagnostic criteria (诊断标准) now and experts that can help. Jasmine has become a(n) __13__herself in a way. She runs a website to help sufferers and their __14__. “It's incredible. I spent most of my childhood being ashamed, but now I'd like to make it __15__. People like my mum need help, but not to be made to feel __16__.”
“We hadn't been able to have Christmas dinner at Mum's for
__17__， because you couldn't get people into the house __18__. But we had one last year, and it was amazing，” Jasmine said. “The __19__ still isn't perfect, and Mom isn't perfect either. She's still __20__ with it. But I'm so proud that she's come this far, and I want to tell other people it's possible.”
语篇解读：本文介绍了著名的电视节目主持人贾丝明·哈曼生活中不为人知的隐痛——她的母亲患有囤积症。在她的家里堆满了垃圾，这使得贾丝明·哈曼觉得很困扰，然而，后来的一件事使她完全改变了自己先前的想法。
1.A.settle
B．takeC．beat
D．calm
答案：C settle down意为“定居，解决”；take down意为“记下，拿下”；beat down意为“击败，击倒”；calm down意为“使镇静，使平静”。根据上句中的“...was sunny and active”可知，此处表示似乎没有什么能够击倒她，故C项正确。
2.A.making
B．discovering
C．hiding
D．mixing
答案：C make意为“制造，使得”；discover意为“发现”；hide意为“隐藏”；mix意为“混合”。根据宾语secret可以推断出此处表示“隐藏一个秘密”，故C项正确。
3.A.wait
B．plan
C．cover
D．bear
答案：D wait意为“等待，等候”；plan意为“计划，打算”；cover意为“覆盖，遮盖”；bear意为“容忍，忍耐”。根据下文可知，此处指一个她不忍公之于众的秘密，故D项正确。
4.A.work
B．mum
C．illness
D．memory
答案：B 根据下一句中的“Because her mother...”可知，此处指贾丝明·哈曼害怕别人发现她母亲，故B项正确。
5.A.mental
B．physical
C．final
D．social
答案：A mental意为“精神的，心理的”；physical意为“身体上的”；final意为“最后的”；social意为“社会的”，根据此空后的疾病名称“囤积症”及下文的描述可知A项正确。
6.A.new
B．used
C．round
D．expensive
答案：B new意为“新的”；used意为“使用过的”；round意为“圆的”；expensive意为“昂贵的”。根据疾病名和old speakers，broken dolls可以推断出，此处表示母亲收集用过的电池，故B项正确。
7.A.put away
B．made ont
C．picked up
D．dug out
答案：C put away意为“收好，放起来”；make out意为“理解；辨认出”；pick up意为“捡起，拾起”；dig out意为“挖出”。根据此空后的in the street可以推断出此处表示她在街上捡这些东西，故C项正确。
8.A.terrible
B．grateful
C．OK
D．crazy
答案：D 句意为：当你想把这些东西清理掉时，她会非常生气。terrible意为“可怕的”；grateful意为“感激的，感谢的”；OK意为“好的”；crazy意为“疯狂的，生气的”。根据语境可知此处D项正确。
9.A.rich
B．normal
C．simple
D．hard
答案：B 句意为：最后，全家几乎无法拥有正常的生活。rich意为“富裕的”；normal意为“正常的”；simple意为“简单的”；hard意为“困难的”。根据语境可知B项正确。
10．A.special
B．dangerous
C．hopeless
D．impossible
答案：A special意为“特殊的”；dangerous意为“危险的”；hopeless意为“无希望的”；impossible意为“不可能的”。根据下文可以推断此时Jasmine Harman采取了一个特殊的行动，故A项正确。
11．A.hope
B．wonder
C．fear
D．doubt
答案：A hope意为“希望”；wonder意为“想知道；纳闷”；fear意为“害怕，恐惧”；doubt意为“怀疑”。上文提到她采取了行动，制定了这个计划，此处表示强调，意为“真的希望……”，故A项正确。
12．A.ended up
B．broke down
C．kept away
D．came out
答案：D end up意为“结束”；break down意为“抛锚；崩溃”；keep away意为“离开，远离”；come out意为“出来，出现；出版”。此处表示第二个节目《英国最大的囤积症患者》制作出来了，故D项正确。
13．A.patient
B．expert
C．example
D．role
答案：B 由前一句中的“...experts that can help”可推断此处expert正确。
14．A.friends
B．bosses
C．families
D．mistakes
答案：C 根据下文可知，此处表示她建立了一个网站，帮助患者和他们的家人，故C项正确。
15．A.fair
B．safe
C．false
D．public
答案：D fair意为“公平的，公正的”；safe意为“安全的”；false意为“错误的”；public意为“公开的”。根据连词but和前文中的secret可以推断出此处表示公开这个秘密，故D项正确。
16．A.better
B．younger
C．prouder
D．worse
答案：D better意为“更好”；younger意为“更年轻”；prouder意为“更骄傲”；worse意为“更糟糕”。根据连词but可以推断出此处所填词是贬义词，故选D项。
17．A.years
B．months
C．centuries
D．weeks
答案：A 因为圣诞节是一年一次，故A项years正确。
18．A.hardly
B．actually
C．luckily
D．regularly
答案：B hardly意为“几乎不”；actually意为“事实上”；luckily意为“幸运地”；regularly意为“规则地，定期地”。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，你不能邀请人们去家里”，故B项正确。
19．A.dream
B．way
C．house
D．study
答案：C 根据本段中前文“...because you couldn't get people into the house...”可知此处C项正确。
20．A.struggling
B．filling
C．turning
D．begging
答案：A struggle意为“挣扎，斗争”；fill意为“充满，装满”；turn意为“转向，变成”；beg意为“祈求”。此处意为“她仍然在与疾病作斗争”，故A项正确。
.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The main purpose of newspapers are to provide news. If you examine newspapers close, you will find there are all sorts
news: accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news covers everything that happen to people and its surroundings. Sometimes there is some news that is very interested. A news report is usually short, except when it is very important, and has plenty of messages. It is also written in shorter paragraphs. The first paragraph is in the fact a summary of the news. It gives all the necessary informations, including what, when, where, how, and why.
答案：
The main purpose of newspapers
to provide news. If you examine newspapers ， you will find there are all sortsnews: accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news covers everything that
to people and
surroundings. Sometimes there is some news that is very . A news report is usually short, except when it is very important,
has plenty of messages. It is also written in
paragraphs. The first paragraph is in the fact a summary of the news. It gives all the necessary ， including what, when, where, how, and why.