2016届广东省天河区高考英语二轮语法复习精讲精练:虚拟语气01-查字典英语网
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2016届广东省天河区高考英语二轮语法复习精讲精练:虚拟语气01

发布时间:2017-03-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  虚拟语气精讲精炼01

  ●核心考核要点解读

  虚拟语气是高考热点,考生需要注意if条件从句中虚拟语气的用法、含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的用法和名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法;以及虚拟语气中倒装的出现;虚拟语气用于定语从句等。虚拟语气

  一、语气的定义和种类

  1.语气(mood)

  语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

  2.语气的种类

  1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:

  There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

  Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?

  How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊!

  2)祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:

  Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。

  Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

  3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观 愿望、假设或推测等。如:

  If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

  I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

  May you succeed! 祝您成功!

  二、简单句中的虚拟语气

  1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:

  Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?

  请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?

  It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

  2.表祝愿

  1)常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿,但愿”,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)如:May good luck be yours! 祝你好运!

  May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就!

  May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。

  May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

  May you be happy. (注意be) 祝你幸福。

  2)用动词原形,如:

  Long live the people! 人民万岁!

  “God bless you,” said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”

  Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!

  3.表示强烈愿望(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)

  4.表命令

  1)命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

  2)句子尾通常加上感叹号:! 

  3)虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be, go

  4)否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。

  Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) 别工作那么卖力。

  5.在一些习惯表达中,如:

  You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。

  I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

  三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

  1.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

  对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):

  从句用过去时或过去进行时(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were,实义动词用过去式。如:I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

  I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

  I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

  Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 

  对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):

  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。如:

  I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

  He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 

  对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。如:

  I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

  I wish you would be quiet.(would + be) 我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

  You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) 

  注意:

  如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。如:

  I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

  如果that 从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。如:

  I wish you would help me. 我希望你能帮我。

  2)在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气,且均以should+动词原形表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

  表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

  表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order

  表示“主张”的:maintain, urge

  表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist 如:

  When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”

  当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。

  He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.

  他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。

  One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.

  我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年。

  在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:

  order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do

  I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下周开个会。

  注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。 

  She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。

  She insisted that I should finish the work at once.

  她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。

  或者说,suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

  判断改错: 

  (错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

  (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

  (错)I insisted that you (should) be wrong.

  (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 

  3)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等。

  I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 

  我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

  4)would rather,would sooner,had rather, would (just) as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.

  经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

  To be frank,I’d rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。

  I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.

  我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

  注意:

  若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形

  I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里。

  would rather...than...中用动词原形

  I would rather stay at home than go out today. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出。

  5)“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

  I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

  我原本希望她到美国去念书并留在那,但她说她喜欢留在中国。

  2.主语从句中的虚拟语气

  1)“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that...”结构中的虚拟语气

  在It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that...结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should)

  常用的形容词:natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的),necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的),probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的),advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。

  常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求),suggested (建议), recommended (推荐),orderd (命令) 如:

  It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.

  这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。

  It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project.

  重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。

  注意:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

  I don’t think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.

  汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

  2)在It is +名词+that...的主语从句中的虚拟语气

  在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,motion,order,pity,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。如:

  It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外深造。

  3.虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

  当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有: demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求),advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议),order (命令),necessity (必要地), preference (优先),proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法), recommendation以及resolution等。如:

  We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.

  我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

  由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

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