虚拟语气精讲精炼02
【考点诠释】
虚拟语气考点透析
考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. might not
解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained
B.rains
C.has rained
D.is raining
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would
B.could
C.had to
D.ought to
解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。
考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句
这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could managed
D. can have managed
解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。
考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：
It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。
考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent；that
B.not be sent；that
C.should not be sent；what
D.should not send；what
考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气
具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如：
Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！
A. followed
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. should follow
解析 句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。
1. She might have been in time for the train, but she
______ late.
A. started B. has started
C. was to start
D. had started
答案：A
解析：本题考查动词语气。might have done表示与过去事实相反，因此but后用一般过去时态表示实际发生的事。2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before.
A. had called
B. have called
C. would have called
D. should call
答案：C
解析：根据时间状语long before，可知这是对过去的假设，要是知道你的手机号码，我早就给你打电话了。3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there.
—Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.
A. wasn’t B. isn’t
C. hadn’t been D. won’t be
答案：A
解析：这是一道根据情态动词+have done判断时态的题目。我们知道这个结构只可能有两种时态：过去时和现在完成时，对话内容是恍然发现目的地离得很近，所以本没必要打车，是对过去的虚拟，表示后悔的心情。真实的过去是坐了出租车的。4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.
A. Would
B. Should
C. Might
D. If
答案：B
解析：if引导的虚拟将来的结构是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...这个句式可以倒装，变成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.
A. In spite of
B. Because of
C. But for
D. Due to
答案：C
解析：这是一个含蓄的if虚拟条件句，相当于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day.
A. had been
B. would be
C. would have been
D. were
答案：C
解析：本题同第五题。相当于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself.
A. shall learn
B. learn
C. learnt
D. have learnt
答案： C
解析：It’s high time+从句表建议时要用were式虚拟语气，从句中用过去式。8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now.
A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been
B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been
C. had listened to; wouldn’t be
D. listened to; wouldn’t be
答案：C
解析：此题是一个混合虚拟语气题，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况所以要用would + do。 9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now.
—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party.
A. didn’t drink
B. hadn’t drunk
C. weren’t drinking
D. not drink
解析：I’d rather+从句时were式虚拟语气句型之一。根据规则，对过去的主观愿望用过去完成时。
10. The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. do; be set
D. had done; must be set
答案：B
解析：insist只有表示在建议的时候才用虚拟语气，如果是陈述事实的话就不用虚拟语气。所以他说he had done nothing是事实，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虚拟语气结构。11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through.
A. took
B. should take
C. had taken
D. take
答案：C
解析：if only引导were式主观愿望虚拟语气句，“如果……就好了”根据规则，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。．We
have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t
【答案】B
【考点】考察情态动词的用法
【解析】may not不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能， mustn't绝不可能
本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。
. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I ____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
【答案】D
【考点】此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。
【解析】从句中用一般过去时表现在的假设。动词的时态 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一般过去式表对现在的假设 .-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
-Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
A. Can
B. Should
C. Must
D. Would
【考点】情态动词用法
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：“——你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？——对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。
4.
One of our rules is that every student
wear school uniform while at school.
A.
might
B.
could
C.
shall
D.
will
【考点】情态动词
【答案】C
【解析】Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。
. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.
A. must
B. might
C. can
D. should
【答案】 B
【考点】本题考查情态动词。
【解析】句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。
. If may car _________more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was
B. had been
C. should be
D. would be
【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气。
【解析】根据主语的谓语动词可知题干是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用had done，选B。
.I______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t
B. can’t
C. can
D. will
【答】B
【考点】考查情态动词。
【解析】所填情态动词与too 构成固定句型can’t/couldn’t …too…，意思是：再……都不为过，选B。