2016届广东省天河区高考英语二轮语法复习精讲精练：阅读理解05

　　阅读理解精讲精炼05

　　19.

　　Frederic Mishkin, who's been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether he's standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professor's office.

　　It turns out, however, that Mishkin's professor had it exactly wrong. Gesture doesn't prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information that's absent from our words. It's learning's secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals what we don't know. What's more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.

　　Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. "We change our minds by moving our hands," writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls "mismatches" between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for example, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem we're working on; we can't yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.

　　Goldin-Meadow's more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness to

　　learn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to children's speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture while learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what they'd learned than classmates who did not gesture.

　　1. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because __

　　A. he could litter express his ideas that way

　　B. he always pointed his finger at his professor

　　C. his professor did not like his gesturing

　　D. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking

　　2. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?

　　A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.

　　B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.

　　C. It provides significant clues for solving academic problems.

　　D. It reduces students' reliance on teachers' instruction.

　　3. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?

　　A. They can stimulate our creativity.

　　B. Instructors should make full use of them.

　　C. Teachers can hardly explain new concepts without them.

　　D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.

　　4. What could be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Hand Motions, a Second Language

　　B. Gesturing: Signal of Understanding

　　C. New Uses of Gesturing

　　D. The Secret Code of Learning

　　1.C考查判断推理。根据When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing中的annoyed可知C正确。

　　2.A考查判断推理。根据it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us.和he act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts.可推知A正确。

　　3.B考查判断推理。根据文章的最后一段可知。

　　4.D考查文章的标题。根据文章的第二段可知文章的主题是The Secret Code of Learning。

　　.

　　Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers?

　　Once upon a time – July 20, 1969, to be specific – two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while. Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. The end.

　　Unfortunately, not quite. A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really is a fairy tale. They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S. technology was the “bestest” in the whole wide world.

　　Which is the harder thing to do: Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple. You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp. I know you can because we did.

　　However, last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon. That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax. The show’s creator is a publicity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon. Mr. X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief, liar and coward” until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr. X in the face.

　　Anyway, NASA’s publicity campaign began to slow down. The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA’s effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round — I mean, that we had gone to the moon — was simply a waste of money. (Actually, the $15,000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E. Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.)

　　If NASA’s not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house. Armstrong is an extremely private man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience. Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr. X.

　　1. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe _______.

　　A. moon landings were invented

　　B. U.S. technology was the best

　　C. moon landing ended successfully

　　D. the Mojave Desert was the launching base

　　2. According to the writer, which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax?

　　A. NASA’s publicity campaign.

　　B. The Fox television program.

　　C. Buzz Aldrin.

　　D. James E. Oberg.

　　3. According to the writer, Mr. X _______.

　　A. told a faithful story

　　B. was not treated properly

　　C. was a talented creator

　　D. had a bad reputation

　　4. The believers think that NASA’s publicity campaign is ________.

　　A. proof to hide the truth

　　B. stupid and unnecessary

　　C. needed to convince the non-believers

　　D. important to develop space technology

　　5. What is implied in the last paragraph?

　　A. NASA should not bother with the non-believers.

　　B. Armstrong was a very private and determined person.

　　C. Armstrong should be as outspoken as Buzz Aldrin.

　　D. NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.

　　6. The tone of the article is _______.

　　A. angry

　　B. conversational

　　C. humorous

　　D. matter-of-fact

　　【答案与解析】

　　美国当年的登月活动是否是一场精心策划的骗局?针对一些人的质疑，美国航空航天局开始了一场行动，旨在确认事实。作者对此不屑一顾，认为是小题大做，毫无必要。

　　1．A推理判断题。第二段提到自从那几个人登月后，再也没有了下文；第三段则直言有人认为这是一场大骗局。由此可推断一些美国人认为登月是捏造出来的。

　　2. B细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的内容可知应该把骗局的故事归咎于这个电视节目．

　　3．D正误判断题。根据第五段中的“Buzz Aldrin，the second man on the noon”可知D项内容正确。

　　4．B推理判断题。倒数第二段的中间部分提到相信者认为航空航天局的这一行动与证明地球是圆的没有什么差别，是在浪费钱财，由此可推断他们认为这种做法愚蠢而且没有必要。

　　5．A推理判断题、最后一段的半部分提到美国航空航天局的这笔钱可以有更好的用途，让Neil Armstrong现身说法更有说服力，由此可推断美国航空航天局不应该为澄清怀疑者的言论而费尽周折。

　　6．C文章结构题。本文的写作笔调在最后一段体现得最为明显，结合本段中的动词drag以及最后一句的内容可知本文风格“幽默”。

　　21.

　　“Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits(品质)in the Americans. They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. Living and competing with all these confidence American students, I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructor. As a student, being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind. Don’t mind if it sounds simple or silly. Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all. What’s worse, the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue-this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive。

　　Being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it. Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace. But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades I have given for their Speeches。(The course I’m teaching here is Public Speaking). Modesty is a trait highly valued in China, but it won’t be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program．

　　1.To compete with American students it’s very important to

　　.

　　A. be quite confident

　　B. be polite and friendly

　　C. have more discussions with

　　D. understand what they think about

　　2. A professor will have the worst opinion of a student who

　　.

　　A. gives a silly or simple answer

　　B. tries to seize any chance to speak in class

　　C. shows no interest in the course

　　D. is considered to have no opinion of his own

　　3. The author is most likely to feel embarrassed if

　　.

　　A. he asks a student to repeat what he has said

　　B. the students bargain with him

　　C. he pretends to know what he doesn’t

　　D. he has to give a speech

　　4． We learn from the second paragraph that

　　.

　　A. we should also remain modest in America

　　B. modesty doesn’t help modest in America

　　C. American also like modest people

　　D. modesty can help you through an American graduate program

　　5. The passage is mainly developed by

　　.

　　A. providing examples

　　B. making comparisons

　　C. giving different figures

　　D. telling personal experiences

　　【答案与解析】文章向我们讲述了在和自信心很强的的美国学生一块学习中自信心、以及发表主见的重要性。

　　1.A 细节理解题。由第一段的“Living and competing with all these confidence American students, I find it extremely important to be confident…”可以看出：为了和这些信心很足的美国学生竞争，信心是很重要的。

　　2. D 细节理解题。由第一段的“What’s worse, the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue”可以看出，教授们对没有自己观点的学生评价最差。

　　3. C 考查细节理解题。题干关键词“feel embarrassed”对应原文的“bring yourself embarrassment”。由最后一段的“Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment”可知答案。

　　4.B 细节理解题。由该段的“. Modesty is a trait highly valued in China, but it won’t be of much help here”可以看出，谦逊在美国根本就没有多大的帮助。

　　5. D 文章结构推断题。文章主要是以自己从事导师工作的经历来向我们阐述自信以及有自己的主见的重要性，故选D。

　　22.

　　Tired of those characterless business hotel chains? Beijing offers some special choices for you to experience luxury(奢侈) and uniqueness.

　　If you are fond of traditional courtyards and Chinese architecture, Anman is the perfect place to realize your fantasy. Located next to the East Gate of the Summer Palace, Anman houses a series of rooms, boasting【以拥有…而自豪】 Chinese culture and royal landscapes(景观), featuring old-time attractiveness as well as modern comfort.

　　Anman at Summer Palace, 15 Gongmenqian Street, East gate Of Summer Palace, Haidian District; amanresorts.com; Rooms start at $550

　　Inspired by the style of the 1960s, Hotel G lies in Sanlitun, Beijing's fashionable entertainment district. This excellent location enables guests to explore the colorful nightlife of the capital and can choose from a number of impressive clubs and pubs. The hotel has 100 rooms in which you can enjoy luxury and modernity.

　　Hotel G, No A7 Gongtixilu Chaoyang District Beijing; hotel-g.com; Rooms start at 1188yuan.

　　DuGe Courtyard Boutique Hotel

　　The charm and romance of hutong have attracted so many Western tourists. Staying in a courtyard is a unique way to experience the heritage of Chinese culture. Located in a traditional hutong, DuGe Courtyard is a hidden pearl, and bridges the gap between eastern philosophy(哲学) and western concepts creating a homey atmosphere.

　　DuGe Courtyard Boutique Hotel, Qianyuanensi Hutong No 26, Nanluoguxiang, Dongcheng district; dugecourtyard.com; Rooms start at 1200 yuan.

　　Located in noising Sanlitun, the Opposite House is a relaxing place where classic meets fashion. The hotel aims to recall guests’ energy and enthusiasm after a day’s exhaustion in this fast-paced city. With its creative space design and individual service such as quality furniture and top equipment, guests are impressed by joyous comfort and contentment.

　　The Opposite House, The Village, Building 1 No 11 Sanlitun Road, Chaoyang District; theoppositehouse.com; Rooms start at 2250yuan.

　　1. Which of the following are located in Beijing's fashionable entertainment district, Sanlitun?

　　A. Anman at Summer Palace and Hotel G

　　B. The Opposite House and Hotel G

　　C. Anman at Summer Palace and The Opposite House

　　D. DuGe Courtyard Boutique Hotel and The Opposite House

　　2. If you want to use as little money as possible to experience luxury and uniqueness, you’d like to choose _______ to live in.

　　A. Anman at Summer Palace

　　B. Hotel G

　　C. DuGe Courtyard Boutique Hotel

　　D. The Opposite House

　　3. If your German friend is interested in Chinese Hutong culture and will visit Beijing next month, you’ll advise him to click _________ for further information.

　　A. amanresorts.com

　　B. hotel-g.com

　　C. dugecourtyard.com

　　D. theoppositehouse.com

　　4. The passage is most likely to appear in which section of a newspaper?

　　A. business

　　B. culture

　　C. opinion

　　D. travel

　　【答案与解析】文章介绍了北京地区四家豪华旅馆特有的风格、独特的环境、地理位置、网址以及每家旅馆的最低标价。

　　1.B考查事实细节。由该句“Hotel G lies in Sanlitun, Beijing's fashionable entertainment district”(G旅馆位于北京三里屯的时尚娱乐区)可直接得出答案。

　　2. A.考查事实细节。纵观全文每个旅馆的房间都有都低报价，报价最低的是A. Anman at Summer Palace。

　　3.C考查事实细节。胡同文化是DuGe庭院精品旅馆特有的风格，要想从网上深入了解，当然要点击它的网址dugecourtyard.com

　　4.D推理判断题。通过文章大意可以看出，该文章为在外旅行者选择旅馆提供了方便，很有可能背旅行者随身携带。