2016届高考英语二轮课后检测：19 Unit4 helping people around the world（牛津译林版）

　　课后达标检测19　Unit 4　Helping people around the world

　　(建议用时：70分钟)

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．(2017·高考湖北卷)Carbon dioxide，which makes a________between us and the sun，prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily，so the earth is becoming warmer.

　　A．difference B．comparison

　　C．connection

　　D．barrier

　　2．(2017·高考福建卷)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________in disasters.

　　A．turn down

　　B．turn out

　　C．break down

　　D．break out

　　3．(2015·长沙模拟)It is not ________ to discuss the question again and again.　

　　A．worth

　　B．worthy

　　C．worthwhile

　　D．while

　　4．We hurried all the way to the airport，only________that the flight had been called off because of the foggy weather.

　　A．being told

　　B．to be told

　　C．having told

　　D．to have been told

　　5．You have to be accurate in this job，because a small mistake can make a big ________.

　　A．difference

　　B．difficulty

　　C．trouble

　　D．change

　　6．Those who ________ new responsibilities need additional guidance for a period of time until they are familiar with the new work.

　　A．set out

　　B．take up

　　C．set up

　　D．take on

　　7．(2015·湘潭模拟)I look on it as a good opportunity to ________ fresh skills and broaden my knowledge.

　　A．require

　　B．accept

　　C．acquire

　　D．submit

　　8．As there is less and less coal and oil，scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ________ energy，such as sunlight，wind and water for power and fuel.

　　A．primary

　　B．alternative

　　C．instant

　　D．unique

　　9．(2015·江苏淮海中学模拟)The new trend of the flowing army of migrant workers ________ the attention of lawmakers and government advisers who ________ in Beijing for their annual sessions this week.

　　A．caught；is gathering

　　B．catch；have gathered

　　C．are catching；are gathered

　　D．has caught；are gathering

　　10．The company promised to pay some money for the customers ________ their shoddy(伪劣的)goods and ________ an apology in public.

　　A．purchasing；making

　　B．purchasing；make

　　C．purchased；to make

　　D．to purchase；made

　　11．It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline.

　　A．must be sent

　　B．be sent

　　C．would be sent

　　D．were sent

　　12．Whatever they grow they make sure ________ is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.

　　A．that what

　　B．what

　　C．that

　　D．what that

　　13．________ the rising birth rate and immigration，the declining death rate also resulted in the population growth.

　　A．In addition to

　　B．In terms of

　　C．In consequence of

　　D．In spite of

　　14．The boys are still playing basketball happily on the court ________ it is raining heavily.

　　A．in case

　　B．even though

　　C．as if

　　D．as long as

　　15．Prices began to climb noticeably last year，________a historical high in November.

　　A．hit

　　B．to hit

　　C．hitting

　　D．being hitⅡ.完形填空

　　(2015·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)A farmer had some puppies (小狗) he needed to sell. He painted a sign advertising the pups and nailed it in his yard. When he finished, he felt a(n) __1__. He looked down into the eyes of a little boy.

　　“Mister，” he said, “I want to buy one of your puppies.”

　　“Well，” said the farmer, as he __2__ the sweat off the back of his neck, “these puppies come from fine parents and cost a good deal of money.”

　　The boy dropped his head for a moment. Then __3__ deep into his pocket, he pulled out a handful of __4__ and held it up to the farmer. “I’ve got thirty－nine cents. Is that enough to take a look？”

　　“Sure，” said the farmer.

　　And with that he __5__ a whistle, “Here, Dolly！” he called.

　　Out from the doghouse and down the ramp (斜坡) __6__ Dolly, followed by four little balls of fur. The little boy pressed his face against the chain link fence. His eyes danced with __7__.

　　As the dogs __8__ their way to the fence, the little boy noticed something else making noise inside the doghouse. Slowly another little ball appeared, this one __9__. Down the ramp it slid. Then in a somewhat awkward manner the little pup began hobbling (蹒跚) toward the others, doing its best to catch up...

　　“I want that one，” the little boy said, __10__ the smallest pup.

　　The farmer knelt down at the boy’s side and said, “Son, you don’t want that puppy. He would not be able to run and play with you like these other dogs will.”

　　With that the little boy stepped back, reached down, and began rolling up one leg of his __11__. In doing so he revealed a steel brace running down both sides of his leg attaching itself to a __12__ made shoe. Looking back up at the farmer, he said, “You see sir, I don’t run too well myself, and he will need someone who understands.”

　　The world is full of people who need someone who understands.

　　1.A.ache B．touch

　　C．rush

　　D．pocket

　　2．A.wiped

　　B．replaced

　　C．cleaned

　　D．rescued

　　3．A.putting

　　B．handing

　　C．reaching

　　D．examining

　　4．A.feathers

　　B．change

　　C．sand

　　D．stones

　　5．A.took over

　　B．showed up

　　C．let out

　　D．set up

　　6．A.stood

　　B．sat

　　C．lay

　　D．ran

　　7．A.delight

　　B．disappointment

　　C．sadness

　　D．puzzlement

　　8．A.made

　　B．pushed

　　C．responded

　　D．found

　　9．A.heavier

　　B．smaller

　　C．younger

　　D．taller

　　10．A.thinking of

　　B．adding to

　　C．setting up

　　D．pointing to

　　11．A.trousers

　　B．shirt

　　C．shoes

　　D．cloth

　　12．A.suddenly

　　B．differently

　　C．specially

　　D．directlyⅢ.语法填空

　　(2015·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)Sunstroke, mainly the result of body being exposed to a high temperature for too long a time, can be described as a condition in which the body’s ability 1.____________ regulate heat fails.

　　Symptoms of sunstroke include: headache, fatigue dizziness, lack of sweating, rapid breathing, loss of consciousness. 2.____________ you have the symptoms above, please take treatments 3.____________ follows.

　　Get yourself out of the sun as soon as possible. Get inside an air－conditioned building or at least go 4.____________ some shade.

　　Next, lie down on a flat surface and place a cool, damp cloth on 5.____________ forehead. Elevate your feet, above your head, allowing blood to circulate and you to get rid 6.____________ headache and dizziness.

　　In sunstroke, the body does not only lose fluids, but salts as 7.____________. Drink lots and lots of salty water and other fluids, except alcohol and caffeinated beverages.

　　You should start feeling better by this time. However, if this is not 8.____________ case, it is advisable to seek immediate medical attention.

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·湖南六校联考)Every year many students went to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes.Little do these students realize that，in doing so，they are throwing good money away.It may sound unbelievable but textbooks，in some cases，actually cost as much as，if not more than，college fees.

　　Many people think that college bookstores are the most convenient source for textbooks.Titles are usually kept and students may purchase new textbooks or choose to buy second hand books and save money.But the money saved by purchasing second－hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online.

　　More and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices.Online second－hand bookstores are another source for college books as they keep a large number of textbooks，which means sizable savings for students.Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many“unreal”booksellers on the Net.Price isn’t the only factor to consider when making an online purchase.Students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.

　　Online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain.This option，however，has its pros_and_cons.A plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books.One problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time，with an auction purchase，however，you must depend on the auction seller’s timetable.

　　One way that students can really save is by getting books for free.Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable.Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels.In the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides.Today that is no longer the case.Cash strapped students can now visit the website SparkNotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics.

　　1．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

　　A．Learning to Save on Textbooks

　　B．Why Buy Textbooks

　　C．Online Shopping

　　D．Tips for Buying Second－hand Textbooks

　　2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source to obtain textbooks ?

　　A．College bookstores.

　　B．Online second－hand bookstores.

　　C．Online auctions.

　　D．Second－hand bookstore centres.

　　3．The underlined expression “pros and cons” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to________.

　　A．professionals and conservatives

　　B．joy and sadness

　　C．advantages and disadvantages

　　D．processes and conditions

　　4．According to the passage，Project Gutenberg is probably________.

　　A．a government project aimed at helping English majors

　　B．a project to help poor students get free learning materials

　　C．a website for English majors to get the guides from language experts

　　D．a website for students to get free sources for English learning

　　5．From the passage，we can learn that________.

　　A．the cost of textbooks in college is low compared to the amount spent on tuition

　　B．online auctions are perfect for students seeking text books

　　C．students should visit many websites before buying their books

　　D．students should consider shopping costs and delivery time above all else when making their buying decision

　　B

　　(2015·长沙高三模拟)According to a study by SallieMae,84 percent of undergraduate students have credit cards，and by the time they are seniors，they have accumulated US $ 4,100 in debt，on top of whatever student loans they may have taken out.

　　Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment，and they are aggressively marketed to college students.Reportedly，a typical college student carries 4.6 credit cards and US $ 3,173 in credit card debt.

　　Credit cards seem to be a fact of life，not just student life.In the long term，using a credit card

　　properly and paying off the balance can help establish a card history and increase your credit score，which will come_in_handy when you need an important loan，for a house or car，for example.Your credit score can affect even unrelated things like insurance rates.Credit cards also offer more protection for users than debit cards (借记卡)．Under federal law，the credit card holder is only responsible for the first US $ 50 in fraudulent(欺诈的) purchases in cases of theft or loss.However，debit card users are responsible for the first US $ 500.

　　SallieMae found some good news in the fact that two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents，but 84 percent said they needed more information.Those who didn’t get any guidance were more likely to be surprised when they found out how much they owed.

　　While credit cards offer the easiest access to money，they make it easy to live outside your means.Less than a fifth of students surveyed paid off their balance every month，and carrying a balance brings finance charges，sometimes at a very high interest rates.

　　SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail，which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail.But when the credit card offers flow in，be sure that you read the fine print.Offers of low or no interest rates can disappear，leaving you a debt that climbs beyond your ability to pay it off.

　　6．What does the first paragraph imply?

　　A．Most of the senior students are shocked to see how much they owed.

　　B．Students can only take out loans from credit cards.

　　C．Most of students’ loans come from credit cards.

　　D．Credit cards have a bad effect on college students.

　　7．The underlined part “come in handy” in the third paragraph probably means“________”．

　　A．bring trouble B．make mistakes

　　C．be important

　　D．be useful

　　8．According to SallieMae，what is the possible reason why students get so many credit card offers in the mail?

　　A．Many students’ first credit card is based on direct mail.

　　B．It costs the banks little to mail out credit cards.

　　C．Students don’t like to go to the bank to open a credit card account.

　　D．Banks have no other way to let students use their credit cards.

　　9．What is the theme of the third paragraph?

　　A．The advantages of using debit cards.

　　B．The similarities between credit cards and debit cards.

　　C．The advantages of using credit cards.

　　D．Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment.

　　10．According to SallieMae，how many students had not discussed credit issues with their parents?

　　A．1/3.

　　B．2/3.

　　C．1/4.

　　D．3/4.

　　Ⅴ.阅读填空

　　(2015·衡阳八中高三月考)We know that in many cases things aren’t personal，but we tend to think that things are about us，whether good or bad.For instance，when your friends go on a night out without inviting you，you probably get upset and end up shouting at them.If you tend to take things so personally，then this will be upsetting you and damaging your self－respect—and it might also be putting unnecessary stress on your relationships.So it’s important for us to take some steps to stop taking things so personally.

　　Firstly，assess the situation more logically.Don’t give in to your immediate emotional reaction—rather take a step back and think about what has happened.For instance，if you’re upset because you weren’t invited to an event，then think it like this: Was it an event that they maybe thought you wouldn’t be interested in? Or was it an event that perhaps they didn’t think you could make? When you step back and stop being egocentric(以自我为中心)，then you’ll easily see many other possible reasons for your not being invited.

　　Also don’t blame yourself.Sometimes，the person does mean to be critical and rude.However，you can view this as their problem and not as something you’ve done wrong.If someone you know is regularly acting badly towards you，it may even be that they feel threatened by you because they’re impressed by you— actually that’s a compliments(褒扬)in a way.

　　Focusing on the positive is also important.Our friends say countless nice things about us on an average day and this helps to slowly develop our self－confidence.If someone has given us 20 compliment and one insult，then why should this damage our self－confidence? If you’re feeling low，try to think back to the positive things that have been said to you.

　　Title: Taking Things Too Personally

　　1.____________ Tending to think things are about oneself though they’re not personal.

　　Examples Getting upset and angry when you aren’t 2.____________ to join in a group activity.

　　3.____________ ●Upsetting one and 4.____________

　　●Affecting your relationships with others　

　　Solutions 5.____________ ●Not 6.____________ immediately before thinking about it

　　●Thinking without being egocentric about the possible 7.____________ of the incident.

　　8.____________ ●Viewing other’s rude criticism as their problem

　　●Regarding other’s 9.____________ towards you as a compliment

　　Focusing on the positive ●Protecting our self－confidence from being damaged by an occasional insult

　　●10.____________ things our friends said to us when feeling down

　　Ⅵ.阅读简答

　　(2015·湖南部分重点中学高三联考)Controlling a device with your mind is one of the developments that experts at IBM think will become reality within the next five years.

　　The technology company has released its latest report.The experts think people will soon be able to control many electronic devices simply by using their minds.Scientists at IBM and other companies are researching ways to do this in a field of science known as bioinformatics.

　　They say people will soon have a way to just think about calling or e－mailing someone in order to make it happen.It is a simple ability to command a system to do something for you without actually doing or saying anything.It is something with really deep capability so that a person，for instance，a quadriplegic(四肢瘫痪者)can actually utilize brainwaves to make things happen and basically run his own life independently.

　　Another prediction is that passwords could soon become a thing of the past.IBM says developments in biometric technology could soon make passwords says unnecessary.Some of the most common biometrics used to identify people are fingerprints，face and voice recognition, and iris scans.The experts say this technology will soon be more widely used by money machines and other devices.

　　The third prediction from the experts at IBM is a better technology to prevent unwanted e－mail.As you eliminate mail，you don’t read it，you just look at it and kill it.After a while the device learns your habits and works for you as your assistant by eliminating stuff you never want.

　　1．How will people control electronic devices in the future according to the passage？(No more than 6 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　2．How many technology predictions does the passage deal with？(1 word)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　3．What are some of the most common biometrics used to identify people？(No more than 10 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　4．Why can the device work as your assistant according to the last paragraph？(No more than 15 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　课后达标检测19

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1．解析：选D。句意：二氧化碳是我们和太阳之间的一道屏障，它使地球上的热量不容易释放出大气层，于是地球就变得越来越暖和。四个名词选项的主要含义：difference“分歧，区别”；comparison“比较”；connection“联系”；barrier“障碍，屏障”。语境说地球的热量因二氧化碳而不容易释放出大气层，因此这里选D，表示“障碍，屏障”。

　　2．解析：选C。turn down表示“调小；拒绝”；turn out表示“生产；结果是，证明是”；break down表示“出故障”；break out表示“(战争、疾病等的)爆发”。由题干中的关键信息old­fashioned phones matter和in disasters可知此处填break down“出故障”。本题的意思是：“在灾难中，当无线网络出故障时，老式手机就(显得)很重要了。”

　　3．解析：选C。It is worthwhile to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事是值得的”。

　　4．解析：选B。考查不定式作结果状语。句意：我们一路上急匆匆地赶到机场，结果被告知由于雾天航班已经被取消了。此处不定式短语表示意外的结果。

　　5．解析：选A。句意：你做这项工作必须准确，因为一个小错就可能产生很大的影响。make a big difference“有很大影响”。

　　6．解析：选D。 take on responsibilities“承担责任”，符合题意。

　　7．解析：选C。句意：我把它看作是一次获取新技能，拓宽知识面的很好的机会。acquire“获得”。require“要求”；submit“顺从；提交”。

　　8．解析：选B。句意：随着煤和石油越来越少，科学家们正在研究一些新方式来利用这些可替代能源，如太阳能、风能和水能。alternative“可选择的，可替代的”，符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”；instant“立即的，迅速的”；unique“独特的”。

　　9．解析：选D。句子的主语是the trend，排除C，再根据句意“流动农民工大军的新趋势已经吸引了立法者和政府顾问们的注意，他们这周正在北京开年会。”可知第一空用现在完成时，第二空用现在进行时。

　　10．解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。customers和purchase是主谓关系，make an apology 和pay some money是并列关系，作promise的宾语，故选B项。

　　11．解析：选B。句意：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。在It is important/necessary/...that­clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should＋)动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is essential/...that 中的形容词。

　　12．解析：选A。句意：不管他们种什么，他们确保在收获后地上留下的东西成为下一年庄稼的天然肥料。make sure后接that引导的宾语从句，在此从句中又含有一个what引导的主语从句，且what在主语从句中充当主语。

　　13．解析：选A。 句意：除了上升的出生率和移民率，死亡率下降也导致了人口的增长。In addition to“除了……也”；In terms of“就……而言”；In consequence of“由于；……的缘故”；In spite of“尽管”。

　　14．解析：选B。考查连词。即使在下大雨，那些男孩子们仍然在球场上开心地打篮球。in case “以免，以防，万一”；even though“尽管，即使”；as if“似乎，好像”；as long as“只要”。

　　15．解析：选C。句意：物价去年开始明显攀升，到11月达到历史新高。此处hitting a historical high in November 作结果状语。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个身有残疾的小男孩与一只同样患有残疾的小狗之间的感人故事。文章结尾道出故事背后的真谛：为人处世更需相互理解。

　　1．解析：选B。根据下文，他低头看见了一个小男孩，可知应该是男孩碰了他一下，所以选择touch。

　　2．解析：选A。wipe the sweat off...意为“将汗擦掉”。

　　3．解析：选C。上文农夫说要花很多钱才能买下小狗，所以男孩伸手(reach)到口袋里，拿出了一把零钱(change)。

　　4．解析：选B。参见上题解析。

　　5．解析：选C。let out“发出(叫声等)”；take over“接管”；show up“出现”；set up“建立”。此处应为“吹了声口哨”，故选C项。

　　6．解析：选D。此处是倒装句，还原成陈述句为“Dolly ran out from the doghouse and down the ramp”。小狗从狗窝里跑出来，其他动作均不符合语境，所以选D。

　　7．解析：选A。男孩看到小狗很高兴，眼神因为高兴而雀跃。

　　8．解析：选A。make one’s way to“走向，跑向”。

　　9．解析：选B。从下文的“the smallest pup”可知，最后出来的这只小狗比其他的更小，所以选择smaller。

　　10．解析：选D。男孩说的时候指着“point to”那只最小的狗。

　　11．解析：选A。他卷起裤腿，故选trousers。

　　12．解析：选C。由语境可知，男孩是残疾人，这里应为“特别(specially)”制作的鞋。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有关中暑的症状和急救处理办法。

　　1．解析：考查不定式。ability后接不定式作定语。

　　答案：to

　　2．解析：考查连词。根据下文可知，如果有上述症状，需要采取相应的措施。

　　答案：If

　　3．解析：考查固定用法。as follows“如下”，根据上下文可知，下一段是讲一些具体的措施。

　　答案：as

　　4．解析：考查介词。中暑的人应去阴凉处。

　　答案：under

　　5．解析：考查代词。在你的前额上放置凉毛巾。与后文“above your head”相呼应。

　　答案：your

　　6．解析：考查介词。get rid of是固定短语，意为“摆脱，除去”。

　　答案：of

　　7．解析：考查固定用法。中暑后身体不仅缺水，而且缺盐。as well是固定用法，意为“也，同样地”。

　　答案：well

　　8．解析：考查冠词。如果没有好转，建议立刻去医院就诊。if this is not the case表示“如果不是这种情况”，the case表示上一句提到的那种情况，表示特指。

　　答案：the

　　Ⅳ.阅读理解

　　A

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。题材为购物类。每年大学生要花费大量金钱购买学习所需的书籍，在书店购买打折或二手书可以减少些许开支，网购或通过网上拍卖的方式也可以买到更便宜的书，而现在手头拮据的学生可以通过SparkNotes网址下载免费的学习指南和文学著作。

　　1．解析：选A。主旨大题意。由文中第二段第二句中．..buy second hand books and save money；第三段第一句中．..selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices以及第四段首句Online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain.可知，本文是围绕在购书上节省开支展开的。

　　2．解析：选D。事实细节题。在文中第二段提到 College bookstores；在第三段提到Online second­hand bookstores；在第四段提到 Online auctions；文中没有提到二手书店中心，故选D项。

　　3．解析：选C。猜测词义题。由下文A plus is that...一个好处是……，及One problem is that ...一个难题是……，可知，pros and cons应为网上拍卖的优缺点。

　　4．解析：选D。推理判断题。由最后一段．..by getting books for free.Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable以及Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels.可以推测出，D项是正确答案。

　　5．解析：选C。推理判断题。文章围绕如何节省钱购买学习用书，最后一段讲到真正节省的办法就是浏览一些学习网站下载免费的书，故学生在购书之前可以首选能免费下载的书。

　　B

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了目前多数大学生持有信用卡，信用卡是最方便的支付形式，正确使用信用卡并还清余额能帮助建立信用度和增加信用评分。

　　6．解析：选C。推理判断题。第一段内容主要谈的是大学生对信用卡的持有情况和借贷情况，多数持有信用卡的学生的负债大部分来自信用卡。在选项中，A项和D项在第一段未提到；B项内容表述错误；C项内容与题意相符。故选C。

　　7．解析：选D。词义猜测题。画线部分前面提到从长远来看，正确使用信用卡并还清余额能够帮助你建立信用度和增加你的信用评分，而画线部分之后提到，之前的信用度和信用评分在你需要重要的贷款时对你是有帮助的。由此结合选项可推知，“come in handy”意为“有用的”，D项与此相符。故选D。

　　8．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail，which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail.”可知，学生在邮箱中收到如此多的信用卡出售，其原因在于许多学生的首张信用卡都是基于直接邮寄。故选A。

　　9．解析：选C。段落大意题。浏览第三段内容可知，第三段的主题是使用信用卡的好处。故选C。

　　10．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“SallieMae found...two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents”可知，三分之二的学生已经和父母讨论过有关信用卡的问题，因此可推知，有三分之一的学生还没有和父母讨论过。故选A。

　　Ⅴ.阅读填空

　　1．Meaning　2.invited　3.Disadvantages/Side effects/Harms　4.damaging one’s self­respect　5.Being logical　6.reacting emotionally　7.causes　8.Not blaming yourself　9.regular bad behaviors　10.Recalling the positive

　　Ⅵ.阅读简答

　　1．By using their minds.

　　2．Three.

　　3．Fingerprints，face and voice recognition，and iris scans.

　　4．Because the device can learn your habits and eliminate your unwanted e­mail.