课后达标检测23 Unit 4 Public transport
(建议用时：70分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2015·浏阳一中模拟)As time goes by，the________ between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.
A．divisions B．gaps
C．separations
D．intervals
2．(2015·长沙雅礼中学模拟)As we know，the purpose of communication is to________ your thoughts and ideas to others effectively.
A．pass
B．send
C．convey
D．show
3．The increasing number of cars on the road ________ traffic.That was the reason why they failed to get there on time.
A．choked back
B．choked down
C．choked off
D．choked up
4．(2015·江苏南京四校联考)—________ no ad during TV plays.
—Great move！I cannot tolerate those annoying ads appearing every several minutes.
A．There is said to have
B．It is said to have
C．There is said to be
D．It is said to be
5．(2017·高考湖北卷)In much of the animal world，night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
A．set aside
B．set down
C．set off
D．set up
6．(2015·江苏南京高三调研)A global village has indeed ________ among the teenage generation，who share common values and attitudes.
A．set up
B．speeded up
C．risen up
D．sprung up
7．Five minutes earlier ________ we could have avoided the accident.
A．or
B．but
C．so
D．and
8．He was rejected for the job vacancy because he couldn’t be ________even for the interview.
A．responsible
B．beneficial
C．punctual
D．regular
9．(2015·江苏南京师大附中模拟考试)—Excuse me，sir.My visa is due at the end of this month.Can I ________ it?
—Sure.You can just go to the Public Security Office in our city to fill in some forms.
A．expand
B．extend
C．postpone
D．confirm
10．If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality，we will ________ to replace it.
A．undertake
B．force
C．overcome
D．apply
11．(2015·浙江金华十校模拟)Many road accidents________ from careless driving，according to the recent reports from the police.
A．involve
B．reduce
C．arise
D．increase
12．(2015·江苏滨海中学期中)Nowadays working women bear a lot more pressure ________ them from families and careers.
A．put on
B．put down
C．put aside
D．put away
13．________ the satellite launch drew near，the research workers put their hearts to the test and always stayed up late.
A．As
B．Because
C．With
D．While
14．The black box is a necessary device on an airplane，which records its speed，direction and whether everything on the airplane ________ normally.
A．will function
B．functioned
C．is functioning
D．has functioned
15．—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
—Thank you.________.
A．It couldn’t be better
B．Of course you can
C．If you like
D．It’s up to youⅡ.完形填空
(2015·湖南省高考命题研究专家原创卷)On a cold winter day, Roger Andersen set off for a ski trip with his kids, Mia and Baylor, and his nine－year－old neighbor Kenya Wildman. The weather was glorious for driving up the slopes—but the __1__ they drove, the smoother the roads became. When reaching a sharp __2__， Andersen saw a truck that had skated off the road and quickly slammed on the brakes (刹车). In an instant, the car was __3__ at 25 miles per hour toward the shoulder of the highway, and then __4__ the Logan River.
There was no time to tell the kids what to do. “It was __5__ that how fast we were completely underwater，”Andersen remembered.Lost in his direction，Andersen began to search the __6__ water for the kids. Mia had been right next to him in the front seat; now, in the __7__， he couldn’t find her. Andersen unfastened his seat belt and __8__ through a broken window. That was when he saw a group of men race down and jump into the water. Andersen was __9__，“My kids are in the car！” The river was only about four feet deep near the bank, but the car’s doors were shut, and the windows were underwater and impossible to kick in. Chris Willden, who as a bodyguard had been __10__ to fire a gun underwater, told Andersen he was going to shoot out the gun underwater, told Andersen he was going to shoot out the window. Andersen didn’t __11__， so Willden put the handgun he always carried into the river, carefully put the muzzle (枪口) toward the window, and fired. The glass was broken.
Willden reached in and pulled the children out through the broken window. Everyone erupted in cheers. “That was a huge __12__ for me，” said Andersen.
1.A.higher
B．faster
C．lower
D．slower
2．A.spot
B．corner
C．highway
D．pavement
3．A.sliding
B．stopping
C．crashing
D．striking
4．A.flew over
B．ran over
C．fell into
D．looked into
5．A.exciting
B．frightening
C．interesting
D．disappointing
6．A.clear
B．warm
C．invisible
D．freezing
7．A.silence
B．doubt
C．darkness
D．bottom
8．A.walked
B．swam
C．dove
D．broke
9．A.rejecting
B．running
C．screaming
D．assisting
10．A.trained
B．prepared
C．treated
D．protected
11．A.awake
B．approve
C．agree
D．object
12．A.relief
B．bitterness
C．happiness
D．regretⅢ.语法填空
(2015·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)Although the US and the UK are both English－speaking countries, cultural differences can create communication difficulties. If you’re meeting business partners or new people during your travels, you 1.____________ as well adjust the topics 2.____________ you are used to chatting about. Small talks in the US and the UK are very different, and finding common ground can prove difficult if you don’t do a little preparation 3.____________ advance. In the UK people are 4.____________ engaged in world news and other global concerns than Americans are. Americans tend to be more focused 5.____________ the situation at home, and are more interested in sports news. Americans also like to discuss their families and compare notes on mutual (相互的) acquaintances,6.____________ the British might be more reserved in that area.
7．____________ you’re planning a trip across the Atlantic, it’s 8.____________ good idea to understand the culture differences. As with any cultural divide, the key to effective interaction is understanding.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2015·湖南六校高三联考)Getting sick overseas can be scary.You’re in an unfamiliar place and often don’t speak the language.Although each trip is different，there are universal things you can do to keep safe.
Be prepared.“Schedule a visit with a doctor who specializes in travel or the area you’re visiting at least four weeks before your departure，”says WHO public health expert Dr.Gilles Poumerol.A travel doctor will be able to give you the required and recommended vaccinations(接种疫苗) as well as discuss any medical issues you may come across abroad.
Get insurance.“In many countries where you have limited access to health care，good health care is only found in the private sector and can be very expensive，”Dr.Poumerol says.Plus，in an emergency，returning to the United States can cost more than $50,000.Ask your health insurance company whether your policy applies overseas and whether it will cover trips to a foreign hospital.If not，there are many companies that offer short－term travel health insurance for a reasonable fee.A list can be found on the US State Department’s travel website.
Pack well.Dr.Poumerol also suggests bringing a note from your doctor in English and the language of the country you’re visiting. Packing an emergency contact list is important.Contacts should include the local embassy(使馆)，relatives who should be informed if you get sick and your health insurance company.
Be care.You have to be in charge of your health.If you’re being treated abroad，question the medical staff about their sterilization (杀菌) practices; injection (注射) equipment should be put in boiling water for at least 30 minutes or used only once.Also be sure that doctors and nurses are wearing gloves to prevent fluid transfer.Limiting your alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety.If your common sense is perfect，the rest of your body should follow.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．You must receive some vaccinations after going abroad.
B．Alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety.
C．You should employ a travel doctor who travels with you.
D．It’s a terrible thing to get sick in a strange country.
2．According to the passage，you can visit the US State Department’s travel website to find ________.
A．which companies offer short－term travel health insurance
B．how to get back to the United States when you are ill
C．whether your policy applies overseas or not
D．good health care which cover trips
3．Dr.Poumerol suggests bringing a note that ________.
A．records your life story abroad
B．shows all your health and safety requirements
C．was written in English and the local language
D．was bought in the country you’re visiting
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Health care provided abroad can be unreliable.
B．You shouldn’t eat much when you stay abroad.
C．Injection equipment should be used only once.
D．You have to treat yourself when you are ill.
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A．How to Get Insurance Abroad
B．Tips for Keeping Safe Overseas
C．Get Ready for Your Trip
D．Avoid Dangerous Travels
B
(2015·广东肇庆高中毕业模拟考试)Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history.Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive(原始的)humans were closer to the animals because they，too，relied upon their instincts to stay healthy.Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating(减轻)symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound.Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body，magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders.So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (礼仪) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B．C.，not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.Nevertheless，the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice.One of his most famous contributions，the Hippocratic Oath，is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics(道德)．Among other things，it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick，keep oneself from intentional wrong－doing or harm，and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor－patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived(源自于) from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships.In this classic thesis，On Airs，Waters，and Places，Hippocrates pointed out that human－being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors：living habits or lifestyle，climate，geography of the land，and the quality of air and food.Interesting enough，concerns about our health and the quality of air，water，and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
6．The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A．the first sentence of the paragraph
B．the second sentence of the paragraph
C．the third sentence of the paragraph
D．the last sentence of the paragraph
7．Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?
A．Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B．Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.
C．Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D．Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
8．Considering Hippocrates’ background，we can see from the second paragraph that ________.
A．he was the forefather of modern medicine
B．experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C．he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D．experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
9．All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT________.
A．helping patients
B．keeping oneself from harming patients
C．keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D．obeying rules for modern medicine practice
10．Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.
B．Medicine comes from nature.
C．Environment affects health.
D．Climate determines lifestyle.
Ⅴ.阅读填空
(2015·岳阳一中高三月考)Every person needs energy to go about the day and continue to function correctly.To get this energy，you eat，and your body changes the food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive.Your metabolism (新陈代谢) is directly related to how quickly and efficiently your body creates this energy，and if it takes too long，the food gets stored as fat.A slow metabolism will leave you with less energy and more weight than you probably desire.
Your basal metabolic rate (基础代谢率) is the amount of energy your body consumes while you’re resting.When people say they have a slow metabolism，they mean they have a slow basal metabolic rate.Increasing this number is possible through exercise and muscle building.
According to Metabolism－Advice.com，as your age，your basal metabolic rate will lower as your body begins to deteriorate (衰退)．At the age of 30，your body will stop producing the high levels of growth hormone it previously produces.Your body senses that it’s done growing at 30，so it uses the resources elsewhere.Unfortunately，that means that your muscle will deteriorate more rapidly than before.While you can’t block age’s effects or your metabolism，you can fight against it with regular exercise that builds muscle.
Although muscle deteriorates quicker with age，a lack of exercise will hurt your metabolism at any age.The muscle developed during exercise is vital to maintaining a healthy body with a normal basal metabolic rate.Therefore，while cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise will burn fat during the work out，building muscle will wisely allow your body to use more calories to give you healthy energy instead of stored fat.
Another large factor that determines your basal metabolic rate is your eating habits.Metabolism－Advice.com suggests eating small meals every two to three hours.This will make sure that your metabolism is constantly working throughout your day.Another large factor is how healthily you eat.Taking in the required calories for your amount of daily activity will help keep your metabolism from lowering，but taking in too many calories may lead to fat.
Title: About slow metabolism
Ⅰ.Definitions
●metabolism—how quickly and efficiently your body creates the energy for it
to function correctly
●basal metabolic rate—the amount of 1.____________ by your body when you’re resting
●slow metabolism－slow basal metabolic rate
Ⅱ.2.____________ of slow metabolism
●giving a person less energy
●getting a person to 3.____________
Ⅲ.4.____________ of slow metabolism
●deterioration of your body 5.____________ exercise
●unhealthy 6.____________
●unhealthy diet
Ⅳ.7.____________ to slow metabolism
●8.____________ to build muscle
●eating more often but 9.____________
●10.____________ your body requires for the daily activities
Ⅵ.阅读简答
(2015·长沙四校联考)While driving home from work，I always noticed an old man sitting by his front yard.He was usually smoking or drinking and looked rather depressed.
One day，while I was driving past him with my daughter，I decided to wave at him.Initially，when the old man noticed me waving at him，he looked a bit shocked.Then，I saw his hand go up and he waved back.
“Why did you wave at him？” my daughter asked.I told her that it’s just an act of kindness that doesn’t cost anything，and that it gives both him and me a sense of joy.She responded by saying that she was a bit embarrassed to wave to a stranger，but next time she would try it as well.
Lucky for us，we lived close to the old man，so we saw him rather often.Whenever we drove by，both of us would start waving at him and，pretty soon，the old man started waving at everyone who passed by his home.The old man，who used to be depressed，now always wears smiles on his face.
One day，my daughter’s friend came to visit and she told my daughter that she saw this strange old man near our home who waved at her very kindly.She mentioned that she waved back at him，even though she didn’t know him，and it felt really good.
Upon hearing this，my daughter told her friend the story of how all the waving began.
Her friend responded，“Tell your mom that’s really cool！”
Inspired by all these positive ripples(涟漪)，we decided to give our elder waving man a thank－you card，to express our gratitude for the warm feeling that he communicates through his enthusiastic waves.And to thank him for sharing this simple joy with all who pass by his house.
This story teaches me just how much an act of kindness can be very natural and effortless，if you really want to do it.It shows us giving happiness benefits both the giver and receiver.Sometimes it is a simple gesture that makes a big difference in someone’s day.
1．What impression did the old man leave on the author at first？(No more than 5 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why did the author wave at the old man？(No more than 15 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3．What did the author and her daughter decide to do to thank the old man for sharing this simple joy with passers－by？(No more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4．What does the author want to tell us in the passage？(No more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
课后达标检测23
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析：选A。句意：随着时间的推移，现在社会上各阶层的区分不像过去那样明显了。division“区分”。gap“隔阂”；separation“分开；分离”；interval“间隔”。
2．解析：选C。convey 意为“传达；表达(想法，感受)等”。pass作“传递，交流”讲时，后接表示“具体的物品或眼色，信号，评论等”。send意为“发送”；show意为“流露(感情等)”。根据句意 “正如我们所知，交际的目的是把你的想法有效地传递给他人。”可知答案应选C项。
3．解析：选C。choke back 抑制；强忍住； choke down“吞咽；抑制；强忍住”；choke off“阻碍”；choke up“对……苦恼”。根据句意可判断此处是“路上不断增加的车辆阻碍了交通”。故答案为C项。
4．解析：选C。There is said to be“据说有……”。
5．解析：选A。句意：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。这里pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down“写下”；set off“出发；引起”；set up“建立”。
6．解析：选D。句意：地球村的确在青少年一代出现了，他们分享共同的价值观和生活态度。spring up“发生；萌芽；出现”。
7．解析：选D。句意：早五分钟，我们可能就会避免那次事故。此题考查的是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”结构。Five minutes earlier相当于一个祈使句，后面的简单句表示结果。
8．解析：选C。句意：他没有得到那个职位空缺，因为他甚至连面试都不能准时。responsible“负责的”；beneficial“有益的”；punctual“准时的”；regular“有规律的”。
9．解析：选B。问句句意：——打搅一下，先生。我的签证月底到期。我能再延长一下它吗？extend“延长，延伸”；expand“膨胀，扩张”；postpone“延期，推迟”；confirm“证实；批准；确定”。
10．解析：选A。句意：如果设备达不到商定的规格和质量，我们保证进行调换。undertake to do...“保证做……”。
11．解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意：根据警方最近的报告，很多道路交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。arise是不及物动词，意思是“(由……)引起，(因……)产生”，符合句意。
12．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。这里表示家庭和自己的事业给她们的压力，用put sth.on sb.。
13．解析：选A。句意：随着卫星发射的临近，研究人员全身心地投入到测试中，常常熬夜。as和with都可表达“随着……”的意思。as 用作连词，引导的是一个时间状语从句。with介词，后接名词短语作宾语。分析句子结构可知答案应为A项。
14．解析：选C。考查动词时态。句意：黑匣子是飞机上的必备装置，它记录了飞机的速度、方向以及飞机上的一切是否运转正常。黑匣子是在飞机飞行时工作的，因此它所记录的是飞机在飞行时一切是否在正常运转，故用现在进行时。
15．解析：选A。考查情景对话。句意：——你住得这么远我送你吧！——谢谢你。那再好不过了。It couldn’t be better否定＋比较级表示最高级，意为：没有比那更好的了。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】 这是一篇记叙文。在一个寒冷的冬天，罗杰·安德森开车带着三个小孩去滑雪，不料因路滑，车掉进河里。在路人的帮助下，三个孩子终于被救出。
1．解析：选A。根据文中“The weather was glorious for driving up the slopes”可知，车在上坡。根据语境并结合常识可知，此处表示“越往上开，路越滑”。故选A。
2．解析：选B。当到达一个急转弯处时，安德森看到一辆卡车滑到路边。sharp corner意为“急转弯”。
3．解析：选A。由上文“slammed on the brakes(刹车)”可知安德森踩了急刹车，根据常识可知踩过刹车后，车由于惯性会滑行一段距离，故用sliding(滑行)。
4．解析：选C。根据下文可知，车子掉进了河里。fall into“掉进”，符合语境。
5．解析：选B。我们很快完全沉入水中，这令人感到害怕。由于发生了意外，故是让人害怕的(frightening)。
6．解析：选D。根据上文中的“On a cold winter day”可知，是在冬天冰冷的水中，故选D项。
7．解析：选C。根据常识可知，水中光线比较暗，他找不到孩子，故C项正确。
8．解析：选B。安德森解开他的安全带，从一扇破碎的窗户中游出。由于汽车沉入水中，故可判断他是从汽车窗户中游出的。
9．解析：选C。看到有人，安德森大喊求救。scream“高声喊，大声叫”，符合语境。
10．解析：选A。根据语境可知，Chris Willden是一名保镖，曾经训练过在水下开枪。
11．解析：选D。由于安德森没有反对(object)，Willden把他随身携带的手枪放到水里，准备打碎玻璃。
12．解析：选A。孩子们都得救了，安德森如释重负。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【解题导语】 尽管语言相同，但是英国和美国却有着很大的文化差异。
1．解析：考查助动词。固定搭配may/might as well“还是……为好”。
答案：may/might
2．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的定语从句修饰先行词the topics，且空处在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
答案：that/which
3．解析：考查介词。in advance“预先，事先”是固定短语。
答案：in
4．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据本句中的“than”可知空处表示比较。
答案：more
5．解析：考查介词。focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于”，为固定短语。
答案：on
6．解析：考查连词。while在此处意为“然而”，表示对比。
答案：while
7．解析：考查状语从句。空处引导时间或条件状语从句，故填If/When。
答案：If/When
8．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个好主意”，应用不定冠词a。
答案：a
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何在国外保持健康提供了一些温馨小贴士。
1．解析：选D。正误判断题。根据文章第一段前两句“Getting sick overseas can be scary.You’re in an unfamiliar place and often don’t speak the language.”可知，在陌生的国家生病是一件可怕的事情。故选D项。
2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据文章Get insurance中最后两句“If not，there are many companies that offer shortterm travel health insurance for a reasonable fee.A list can be found on the US State Department’s travel website.”可知，在美国国家旅游网站可找到一些提供短期旅游健康保险的公司。故选A项。
3．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章Pack well中第一句“Dr.Poumerol also suggests bringing a note from your doctor in English and the language of the country you’re visiting.”可知，Dr.Poumerol建议带一个用英文和旅游国家当地语言写的便条。故选C项。
4．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据文章Be care中第一句“You have to be in charge of your health.”并结合对该段的整体理解可推知，国外的健康护理可能是不可靠的。故选A项。
5．解析：选B。标题概括题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Although each trip is different，there are universal things you can do to keep safe.”开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要就如何在国外保持健康提供了一些温馨小贴士。故选B项。
B
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章简要举例说明了人类的健康与自身行为之间的关系。
6．解析：选A。段落大意题。本段主要通过原始人的事例来说明早期人类就开始注意到行为与健康之间存在着一定的关系了。不过由于受到认知水平的限制，他们将之归结为魔法。由此可知，本段的第一句就是本段的中心思想。故选A。
7．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body”可知，因为原始人对于身体功能有许多不了解的地方，所以将之归结为魔法。故选B。
8．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...Greek physician Hippocrates.Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B．C.，not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.”可知，对于Hippocrates，人们除了知道其生活的时期以及地点外，其他的几乎一无所知。故选D。
9．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick，keep oneself from intentional wrongdoing or harm，and keep secret all matters to keep the doctorpatient relationship”可知，希波克拉底誓言要求医生发誓要救治病人，不能特意出错伤害病人，并保守一切与医患关系相关的秘密，由此可知D项没有提到。故选D。
10．解析：选C。段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段强调的是人类生存的环境对健康的影响。故选C。
Ⅴ.阅读填空
1．energy 2.Effects/Results 3.put on weight/gain weight 4.Causes 5.for lack of 6.eating habits 7.Solutions 8.exercising regularly 9.small meals
10．absorbing the energy
Ⅵ.阅读简答
1．He was very depressed.
2．It’s an act of kindness and it can bring a sense of joy.
3．They decided to give him a thankyou card.
4．A simple gesture/act can make a big difference.