非谓语动词
一、单句填空
1．(2015·北京，21改编)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
答案：To catch To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。
2．(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
答案：enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。
3．(2015·北京，31改编)If ________(accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
答案：accepted accept与主语you构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。句意：如果你被录用了，我们会很快通知你。
4．(2015·天津，5改编)________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
答案：Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
5．(2015·天津，8改编)________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
答案：Having worked 该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。
6．(2015·陕西，17改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
答案：to thank go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。
7．(2015·陕西，18改编)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
答案：taken 分析结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。
8．(2015·浙江，18改编)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform) live is quite another.
答案：being performed 由live(现场直播)可知“听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。
9．(2015·湖南，30改编)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.
答案：wondering 句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作伴随状语。
10．(2015·湖南，34改编)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them.
答案：to talk talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
11．(2015·重庆，11改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars.
答案：using using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。
12．(2015·福建，28改编)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
答案：To learn 由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。
13．(2015·福建，33改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
答案：combining 由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。
14．(2015·江苏，24改编)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
15．(2015·课标全国，66)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough________(cool) the house during the hot day.
答案：to cool 句意为：当新的一天到来时，这些墙已经释放完它们的热量，现在冷得足够能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作结果状语，be adj. enough to do sth.为固定结构，意为“足够……去做某事”。
二、单句改错
1．(2015·黑龙江大庆铁人学校期中)Even when it comes to
shake hands, ladies come first.
答案：shake改为shaking 在when it comes to...句型中，to为介词，所以要用动名词作to的宾语。
2．(2015·河北保定模拟)The express company will get allthese goods received delivering to the customers today.
答案：delivering改为delivered 句意为：快递公司今天将会把所有这些收到的货物派送给顾客们。deliver与其逻辑主语these goods之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即these goods为deliver动作的承受者，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语，此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
3．(2017·辽宁)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
答案：understanding改为understand It's difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”，其中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。故将understanding改为understand。
4．(2015·山西太原联考)I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.
答案：locating改为located 句意为：我和我的两个朋友一起，正在位于纽约市中心的一家中餐馆里用餐。(be) located in...为固定用法，意为“坐落于……”。故将locating改为located。
5．(2015·吉林长春外国语学校期中)We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.
答案：remember改为remembering 句意为：我们所有人都很享受这宝贵的一天，记着我们一起度过的时光。句中已有谓语动词enjoyed，因此remember应用非谓语动词形式；remember与主语we之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6．(2015·浙江重点中学协作体联考)But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.
答案：raising改为raised 句意：但现在我们经常讨论并尽力解决老师或我们自己提出来的问题。根据by可知，“问题”是“被老师或我们自己提出”，故应用过去分词作定语。
7．(2015·江西红色六校联考)The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
答案：express前加to 句意为：一个人表达思想的能力在一定程度上决定了他在大学里的发展。抽象名词ability等词后通常用不定式作定语。
8．(2015·黑龙江大庆铁人中学月考)The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing
candidates for an interview in a few days.
答案：choosing改为chosen 句意为：几天后，学生会办公室将联系已被选出的候选人来面试。这里指的是“已被选出的候选人”，表示被动和完成，所以用过去分词作定语。
9．(2015·江西上饶六校重点中学联考)Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.
答案：Travel改为Travelling 作句子的主语，表示事实，用动名词。动词原形不能作句子的主语。
10．(2015·浙江台州调研考试)They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.
答案：say改为saying can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短语。
三、语法填空
(2015·广东中山一中等七校联考改编)
When I was young, we lived in what is now a forest preserve. People had the habit of abandoning dogs, __1__ drove my poor mother crazy! We were not rich and already had a dog.
__2__(look) out of the window my mother complained to us about the irresponsible and cruel person, who had just thrown a dog. We __3__(tell) to stay away from the dog as we could not afford it. I felt __4__(extreme) upset, and I couldn't believe my mother refused to help the animal. She said, “Here we are not the only one. Let others take care
__5__ the creature.”
__6__
poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, but dared not say anything to my mother. Later that day I couldn't find my mother in the house. I looked in every room but she was __7__(go). Then I saw my mother __8__(come) home with the dog. We kids ran outside __9__(greet) our new friend.
My mother didn't say why she
__10__(change) her mind. It's not what you say. It's what you do.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：作者一家遇到一只被抛弃的狗，开始作者的妈妈不想管它，因为他们家养不起。但后来她还是把那条可怜的狗领回了家，作者也不知道为什么妈妈会改变主意。
1．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，________drove my poor mother crazy为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，关系词指代前面所说的内容，故用which。
2．Looking 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，且与主语my mother之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
3．were told 考查动词时态和语态。主语we与动词tell之间存在着被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
4．extremely 考查词性转换。修饰形容词upset应使用extreme的副词形式extremely。
5．of 考查动词搭配。take care of为固定搭配，意为“照顾……”。
6．The 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的被抛弃的狗，故用定冠词。
7．gone 考查词性转换。句意为：我找了每一间屋子，但是她不见了。设空处位于was之后，应用形容词作表语，gone意为“消失的，离去的”，符合语境。
8．coming 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词saw，且逻辑主语my mother与动词come之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，故填coming。
9．to greet 考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表目的。
10．had changed 考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处指妈妈在回来之前改变了主意，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
四、短文改错
(2015·江西南昌十所重点中学模拟冲刺)
When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin. Therefore, I couldn't understand “real music ”. After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model. Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day.
答案：
When I was a child, I spent more than ten years
the violin. ， I couldn't understand “real music ”. After I graduated
high school, a friend of mine suggested that we
to learn the guitar because we
thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on
we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful . Now the guitar is the most
part of my life and I practice it every day.
解析：
第一处：learn→learning spend some time(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。
第二处：Therefore→However 前一句讲“我”花费十年多的时间来学习拉小提琴，后一句讲我“不能理解真正的音乐”，前后为转折关系，故应用However。
第三处：at→from 表示“从……毕业”应用graduate from。
第四处：started→start suggest作“建议”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语应为should do，should可以省略，因此应将动词过去式改为原形。
第五处：all→both 此处讲“我”和“我”的一位朋友都认为吉他很酷，表示“两者都”应用both。
第六处：that→which 此处先行词为the day，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导，相当于“介词＋which”，此处应为on which，故将that改为which。
第七处：删除the 形容词性物主代词my后面不能用定冠词the。
第八处：在choose前加to It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事需要花费某人……时间”，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
第九处：model→models several后面接名词复数形式。
第十处：importantly→important 修饰名词part应该用形容词形式important。