定语从句
一、单句填空
1．(2015·天津，15改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work.
答案：where 本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。
2．(2015·陕西，15改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
答案：when 分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。
3. (2015·安徽，28改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
答案：which 本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。
4．(2015·湖南，29改编)It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
答案：which 此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。
5．(2015·四川，3改编)The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案：whose 此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。
6．(2015·重庆，14改编)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.
答案：which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。
7．(2015·福建，34改编)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
答案：which 分析结构可知，定语从句的先行词为整个主句内容，从句为非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，用which引导。句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
8．(2015·江苏，21改编)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案：as 此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。
9．(2015·浙江临海调研改编)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included.
答案：where 句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
10．(2015·江苏无锡测试改编)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.
答案：where 句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
11．(2015·安徽黄山一模改编)Cultural shock is a feeling _________most travelers experience in a foreign country ________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.
答案：which/that；where 句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
12．(2015·福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
答案：as 句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。
13．(2015·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.
答案：where 句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．(2015·江苏淮安第四市调研改编)In 2017, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life.
答案：as 句意为：在2017年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。
15．(2015·福建泉州五中等三校联考改编)We expect you to become someone of ________ we'll feel very proud in the future.
答案：whom 句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。
16．(2015·安徽合肥第一次检测改编)The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
答案：which 句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
17．(2015·山东日照一模)Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
答案：who 句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。
18．(2015·安徽蚌埠第一次质检改编)Then he waved his hand in
the direction from ________ the woman had called.
答案：which 句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。
19．(2015·广东肇庆二模)Will you think of those individuals________ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life?
答案：who/that 句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。
20．(2015·辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternoon, we weresent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes.
答案：where 句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
二、单句改错
1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
答案：it改为which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。it无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
答案：that改为as或在lift后加it 把该句看成so...that...结构，可以在lift后加it，把that引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句，此时，先行词stone前有such，所以定语从句的引导词用as，as在从句中充当lift的宾语。故也可以把that改为as。
3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers.
答案：Which改为As as和which引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正像……”时，就用as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用which。总之，位置记住，意思分清。
4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red?
答案：its改为whose 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用whose代替its，its无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
5．TombSweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.
答案：in改为on “介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on TombSweeping Day在清明节。
6．Believe it or not, I don't like the way which he spoke to me.
答案：which改为that/删去which/which前加in 先行词是way，定语从句引导词可以是that/in which或者不加关系词。
7．(2015·桂林中学月考)Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
答案：that改为which 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词car，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
8．(2015·浙江省杭州市模拟)Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix?
答案：where改为which/that situation后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。
9．(2015·陕西西安高新一中大练习)She is a very
nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.
答案：whom改为who/that girl后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that。whom是宾格，只能作宾语。
10．(2015·江西上饶六校重点中学联考)Firstly, I will find a parttime job, probably working in a factory what is near my home.
答案：what改为which/that factory后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。what不引导定语从句。
三、语法填空
There was a survey on __1__ teachers should receive presents from students among 500 teachers __2__(age) from 25 to 50. Ninety percent of them said that they would be bothered if they got presents from the students or their parents, most of __3__ hoped that parents can be rational and Teachers' Day should be made ordinary. From their point of view, the reason __4__ parents try every means to give presents to teachers is that they don't have enough faith __5__the teachers if they don't do that. They also suggested that Teachers' Day __6__(change) to “Teachers' and Students' Day”， __7__ can make teachers and students communicate more __8__(equal) and openmindedly. What the teachers want most __9__(be) that all the celebration meetings should be cancelled and they are able to have a day off to do __10__ they want.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．whether 所填词引导宾语从句，不在从句中作成分，但要表达“是否”意义，所以填whether。
2．aged 表示“年龄……”用aged，作teachers的定语。
3．whom 所填词是定语从句的关系代词，指人，而且是位于介词of 的后面，所以填whom。
4．why 所填词引导reason的定语从句，在从句中作状语，故用why。
5．in faith通常与介词in搭配，表示“对……的信任”。
6．(should)be changed 由前面suggested可知。
7．which 该词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指事物，所以应为which。
8．equally 根据and之后与其并列的openmindedly判断该空用副词，修饰动词communicate。
9．is 所填词是句子的谓语，主语是what引导的从句，表示抽象意义，故用is。
10．what 所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作want的宾语，故填what。
四、短文改错
(2015·浙江临海白云中学检测)
Nowadays, afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we enjoyed them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which do me lots of good, such as building my body and keeping me healthy. Beside, it also frees me from the heavy work of study.
Here I have some advices. To students, you'd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students, leave students time for activities by giving them more homework.
Dear friends, please actively take part in afterclass activities, what will not only make your school life colorfully, but also improve your learning.
答案：
Nowadays, afterclass activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we
them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which
me lots of good, such as building
my body and keeping me healthy. ， it also frees me from the heavy work of study.
Here I have some . To students, you'd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students,
students time for activities by giving them
homework.
Dear friends, please actively take part in afterclass activities,
will not only make your school life ， but also improve your learning.
解析：
第一处：enjoyed→enjoy 本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍课外活动，通篇使用一般现在时。
第二处：do→does 定语从句的引导词which代替先行词Playing football，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
第三处：building后加up build up为固定短语，表示“增强”。
第四处：Beside→Besides 此处应该用副词，表示“除此之外”，在句中作状语。
第五处：advices→advice advice意为“建议”，为不可数名词，无复数形式。
第六处：去掉better后的to had better后跟动词原形，故将better后的to去掉。
第七处：leave→leaving 分析句子结构可知，leave前是完整的句子，此处应用非谓语动词形式，leave与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。
第八处：more→less 根据句意“布置更少的作业，给学生们时间活动”可知此处用little的比较级less。
第九处：what→which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，因此用which引导。
第十处：colorfully→colorful 此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词colorful修饰school life。