说明文
(2017·南京市、盐城市二模)
Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(劝诱) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior __1__
when you make gradual changes that give you time to
__2__
negative patterns for positive ones.
On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and__3__
to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time__4__
or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high
__5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing __6__ it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.
After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not __7__ if they start with the change itself. __8__， they believe that we must__9__
a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that
__10__ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that
__11__
what you do, you must decide which behaviorchange technique will work best for you.
According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most
__12__
problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to__13__
when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing
__14__ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I can't believe I failed that easy exam. I'm so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” selftalk into rational，__15__
statements about what is really going on, you can increase the __16__ that positive behaviors will occur.
Positive selftalk might be
__17__
as follows: “I really didn't study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next __18__.”
Such selftalk will help you to recover quickly from__19__
and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully
__20__ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“我们”自身养成的一些坏习惯不是一朝一夕就能改变的。想成功地改掉这些消极的行为就必须给“我们”一些时间用积极的行为来替代消极的行为。
1．A.decline B．remain
C．disappear
D．improve
答案：D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones”可知，此处是指成功地改变消极行为的可能性会得到改善。improve意为“改善，提高”，符合语境。故选D项。decline意为“下降”；remain意为“仍然，保持”；disappear意为“消失”，均与语境不符。
2．A.substitute B．cancel
C．find D．ignore
答案：A 考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指用一些积极的行为来替代一些消极的行为。固定短语：substitute sth.for sth.意为“用……来替代……”，符合语境。故选A项。cancel意为“取消”；find意为“找到，发现”；ignore意为“忽视”，均与语境不符。
3．A.refuse
B．determine
C．hesitate
D．advocate
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“...we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail...”可知，每天无数人起床之后都下定决心从“今天”开始改变一些行为。determine意为“下决心”，符合语境。故选B项。refuse意为“拒绝”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；advocate意为“提倡”，均与语境不符。
4．A.more
B．better
C．worse
D．less
答案：B 考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“be exercising more，drinking less”(多锻炼，少喝酒)可知，此处指更好地安排时间。better意为“更好地”，符合语境。故选B项。more意为“更多”；worse意为“更糟糕”；less意为“更少”，均与语境不符。
5．A.values
B．requirements
C．expectations
D．levels
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指我们带着高的期望值开始。expectation意为“期待”，符合语境。故选C项。value意为“价值”；requirement意为“要求”；level意为“水平”，均与语境不符。
6．A.whichever B．however
C．wherever D．whatever
答案：D 考查名词性从句。根据句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“was”的表语，且没有范围限制，所以使用whatever，意为“无论什么”。故选D项。whichever意为“无论哪个(些)”，有范围限制；however意为“无论怎样”；wherever意为“无论哪里”，均与语境不符。
7．A.succeed
B．fail
C．exist D．fade
答案：A 考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，文中认为必须要经历一系列的阶段来为最终的改变做好充分准备，因此如果只是改变习惯本身是不会成功的。succeed意为“成功”，符合语境。故选A项。fail意为“失败”；exist意为“存在”；fade意为“凋谢，褪色”，均与语境不符。
8．A.Nevertheless
B．Otherwise
C．Instead
D．Moreover
答案：C 考查副词辨析。根据上文“改变习惯本身是不会成功的”和下文“我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备”可知，此处是肯定后者否定前者，instead意为“相反”，符合语境。故选C项。nevertheless意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则”；moreover意为“而且”，均与语境不符。
9．A.look through B．break through
C．go through D．pull through
答案：C 考查动词短语辨析。我们必须要经历一系列的阶段为最终的改变做好充分准备。go
through意为“经历，通过”，符合语境。故选C项。look through意为“浏览，检查”；break through意为“突破”；pull through意为“渡过难关，恢复健康”，均与语境不符。
10．A.initial
B．temporary
C．instant
D．eventual
答案：D 考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，如果我们要成功地改变这些坏的习惯，就要为最终的变化做好充分的准备。eventual意为“最后的”，符合语境。故选D项。initial意为“最初的”；temporary意为“临时的”；instant意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。
11．A.involve
B．influence
C．explain
D．adjust
答案：B 考查动词辨析。句意为：一旦你已经分析出影响你行为的所有因素，你就必须决定出哪些改变行为的技巧会对你最起作用。influence意为“影响”，符合语境。故选B项。involve意为“包括，涉及”；explain意为“解释”；adjust意为“调整，适应”，均与语境不符。
12．A.emotional B．physical
C．technical
D．professional
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的)statements”可知，此处为情绪上的问题。emotional意为“情绪的”，符合语境。故选A项。physical意为“身体的，物质的”；technical意为“技术的”；professional意为“专业的”，均与语境不符。
13．A.all B．others
C．someone
D．themselves
答案：D 考查代词辨析。根据前面的主语“people”以及下文中的“in their lives”“whatthey would like...”和“you say to yourself”可知，此处用反身代词
themselves。故选D项。
14．A.poorly B．carefully
C．completely D．slowly
答案：A 考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“...you say to yourself，‘I can't believe I failedthat easy exam.I'm so stupid.’”可知，此处指如果自己考试考得很糟糕。poorly意为“差劲地，糟糕地，贫乏地”，符合语境。故选A项。carefully意为“小心地”；completely意为“完全地”；slowly意为“慢慢地”，均与语境不符。
15．A.positive
B．ridiculous
C．negative D．explicit
答案：A 考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“that positive behaviors will occur”可知，此处应用positive，意为“积极的”，符合语境。故选A项。ridiculous意为“荒谬的”；negative意为“消极的”；explicit意为“清晰的，清楚的”，均与语境不符。
16．A.danger B．awareness
C．amount D．probability
答案：D 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“By changing this irrational‘catastrophic’ selftalk into rational”可知，你可以提高积极的行为发生的可能性。probability意为“可能性”，符合语境。故选D项。danger意为“危险”；awareness意为“意识”；amount意为“量”，均与语境不符。
17．A.written B．phrased
C．listed D．captioned
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据下文引号中的内容可知，此处指积极的自我谈话的措辞如下……phrase意为“措辞，短语”，符合语境。故选B项。write意为“写”；list意为“列出”；caption意为“给……加上标题”，均与语境不符。
18．A.research B．test
C．talk D．problem
答案：B 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，这次考试准备不足，下一次考试要好好准备。故选B项。
19．A.tiredness B．habits
C．disappointment
D．burdens
答案：C 考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“I really didn't study enough for the exam.”可知，此处指这次考试没考好而引起的失望。disappointment意为“失望”，符合语境。故选C项。tiredness意为“疲劳”，habits意为“习惯”；burden意为“负担”，均与语境不符。
20．A.recalling B．starting
C．blocking D．holding
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell
on(沉湎于)negative images”可知，block意为“阻碍”，与句中的“stop”和“refuse”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。recall意为“回想”；start意为“开始”；hold意为“持有”，均与语境不符。