特殊句型 一、倒装句 1．全部倒装 (1)在There be/seem/appear/live/ stand/lie/ fly/exist/remain等存在句中。 Look，there's that bookshop I was telling you about. (2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。 There goes the phone.I'll answer it. (3)such作表语置于句首时。 Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th century's greatest scientist. (4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。 “If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes. (5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 In the center of the square stands a monument. (6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。 Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil. 2．部分倒装 在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。 (1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，seldom，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等表示否定意义的单词和短语位于句首时。 Little does he care about what others think. (2)在not...until...，no sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等句式中。 Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。 Only then did I find I had made a mistake. (4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。 So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest. (5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也是……”。 Times have changed and so have I.
(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也不……”。 They couldn't understand it at that time，and nor could we. (7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。 Had it not been for your help，we couldn't have achieved so much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。 Try as she might，Sue couldn't get the door open. (9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。 May you succeed! 二、强调句 1．使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。 First impressions really do count. 2．运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。 强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面： (1)强调句型中的主谓一致 在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用when，where，why或how等。 It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing. (3)强调句型的疑问句 在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。 Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy? When was it that she changed her mind? (4)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。 I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 三、注意事项 1．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.