三、零冠词的基本用法 1．用于表示泛指的不可数或复数名词前。 Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you’ll make great progress. 记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。 2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？ 3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。 After years of hard work，Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个好经理。 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2015·辽宁沈阳育才中学一模)English is now_______ international language.It is used in many aspects. 2．(2015·广西南宁一模)The villagers have been searching for____________buried people without stop since the accident happened. 3．The experiment turned out to be ____________ complete failure, which wasn’t what they wanted. an the a Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2015·甘肃武威一模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. ________________ 2．(2015·辽宁葫芦岛一模)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours. ________________ 3．(2015·四川绵阳中学模拟)Hiking is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the same time. ________________ 第二个a→an a→the 去掉第一个the 考点四 冠词用于固定搭配中
1．(2015·云南曲靖模拟)If you don’t have_______good
knowledge of English，it’s out of question for you to use
it flexibly and fluently. 2．(2016·吉林四平高三联考)It is______waste of time，at times the food is not fresh and does not taste delicious. a a 3．(2015·四川成都七中模拟)—Would you mind giving me advice on how to improve my record? —If you make__________most of your potential，there will be a rise in your achievement. 4．(2015·贵州模拟)In____________eyes of children，playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun. the the 一、常用固定结构 1．用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词”结构中，表示 “按……计算”。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 a year. ——据说，约翰将获得一个年薪超过6万美元的工作。 —Right，he will also get paid by the week. ——是的，他的工资将按周支付。 2．用于“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级．..”(越……越……)结构中。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就会越少犯错误。 二、冠词用在固定短语中 1．不定冠词用于固定搭配中 at a loss不知所措，困惑 all of a sudden
突然 in a hurry
匆忙的 as a rule
通常 be on a visit
参观；拜访 as a matter of fact
事实上 as a result
因此 be on a diet
节食 have a gift for
在某方面有天赋 have/catch a cold
感冒 make a living
谋生 have/take a rest
休息 in a way
从某种意义上说 give sb.a lift
让某人搭便车 2．定冠词用于固定短语中 at the moment
此刻；目前 at the same time
同时 not in the least
一点也不 on the contrary
相反 on the whole
总的来说 to tell the truth
说实话 in the distance
在远处 on the other hand
另一方面 to the point
中肯；切题 make the most/best of
充分利用 by the way
顺便说一下 go to the cinema/theater
去看电影/戏剧 in the middle of
在……中间 3．零冠词用于固定短语中 on purpose
故意地 by chance
碰巧 catch/on fire
着火 at dawn/dusk
在黎明/黄昏 make room for
让位 out of date
过时的 by sea
乘船 单句语法填空 1．(2015·海南文昌模拟)With the development of society，our country is badly in need of those with____________better command of computer skills. 2．(2015·吉林省实验中学二模)I said，“You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them____________hand in this world.” a a 3．(2015·甘肃兰州高三统考)And the headmaster had_______ hard time with all the homework! 4．(2016·贵州七校联考)The tour will provide_____unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in _______hope that you will better understand the life there. a a the (1)判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数。 (2)根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指不加任何冠词，单数可数 名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词；表特指须用定冠词the。 专题1
名词、冠词和代词 专题强 化训练 2016高考导航——适用于全国卷Ⅱ 专题1
名词、冠词和代词 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 名词 1.全国卷Ⅱ43题[名词的词性转换] 2.全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第一处[名词单复数] 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第五处[名词单复数] 1.全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第九处[名词单复数] 2.全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第十处[动词→名词] 名词主要考查名词单复数变化以及名词的词性转换。 专题1
名词、冠词和代词 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 冠词的基本用法 1.全国卷Ⅱ42题[the用于最高级前] 2.全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第八处[the] 未考 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第五处[the] 1.语法填空和短文改错主要考查冠词的特指、泛指以及冠词在习惯用语或固定搭配中的用法。 2．短文改错中常考查冠词的错用和漏用。 冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配 未考 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第七处[all kinds of＋n.] 未考 专题1
名词、冠词和代词 考查点 2015 2017 2017 命题趋势 人称代 词、物 主代词 及反身 代词的 用法 全国卷Ⅱ短文改错第九处[形容词性物主代词his] 全国卷Ⅱ49题[人称代词宾格me；名词性物主代词mine] 未考 2017年之后高考对代词的考查有所变化，主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语篇型语法填空题中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词；在短文改错中主要考查正确区分人称代词的主格和宾格以及指代一致。 it的用法 未考 未考 未考 不定代 词的用法 未考 未考 未考 考点一 名词的单复数
1．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)While there are
amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us
the____________(change) are gradual and require a lot of
effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. changes 2．(2016·吉林长春高三联考)In keeping a diary in
English，we certainly run up against many____________ (difficult)． 3．(2017·高考全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错，节选)Since then－for all
these year－we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed
where they please._______________ difficulties year→years 名词的单复数 1．可数名词的数 (1)可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加s或es，规 则的复数构成形式如下： 变化规则 例词 一般情况下
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词
在词尾直接加s table→tables park→parks 在词尾加es bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes watch→watches 变化规则 例词 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词 以元音字母加y结尾的名词 将y变为i再加es family→families butterfly→butterflies dictionary→dictionaries 在词尾直接加s day→days holiday→holidays monkey→monkeys 变化规则 例词 以o结尾的名词 以f或fe结尾的名词 一般在词尾加s photo→photos radio→radios zoo→zoos 有些在词尾加es potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes 一般变f或fe为 v，再加es knife→knives wife→wives life→lives
leaf→leaves 少数直接加s roof→roofs belief→beliefs (2)有些名词复数形式不是以加s或es构成，它们的不规则构 成形式如下： 变化规则 例词 变内部元音 词尾加en或ren 单复数同形 man→men woman→women foot→ feet mouse→mice goose→geese tooth→teeth ox→oxen child→children fish，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法)， series，Chinese，Swiss 2.不可数名词的数 一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数 形式,一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的名 词有：milk，homework，housework，weather，news， information，bread，advice，progress，equipment，meat, fun，luggage，furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room (空间)，man(人类)等。 特别注意 1．word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人 类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。 Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 有消息称会议将于周五召开。 2．名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的 man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。 man doctor→men doctors男医生 woman waiter→women waiters女服务生 名师指津 1．不定冠词a、an后用名词单数形式。 2．有some、many、all、both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。 3．名词前有one of时，名词用复数形式。 4．谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数。 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2016·重庆高三联考)The little boy ate so many___________ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2．(2016·辽宁大连一中高三诊断)The ALS makes people’s muscles become hard.It is hard for the patients to move.Stephen
Hocking is one of the____________(suffer)． 3．(2015·乌鲁木齐诊断)So I hope there will be more and more charity shops in ther__________(place)． potatoes suffers places Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2016·辽宁重点中学协作体联考)Plant had to be on land before animals arrived.__________________ 2．(2015·南宁第二次适应性测试)When my uncle arrived with
a smile，I threw my arm around him to give him a warm hug. __________________ 3．(2015·四川师大附中考前适应性练习)—I feel terrible，I didn’t do well in the math test. —Don’t take it too hard.you’re already making progresses
and will surely learn it well.______________________ Plant→Plants arm→arms progresses→progress 考点二 词性的转换
1. (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. ability 2．(2015·云南昆明高三统一考试)How do learning
habits influence learning results？It’s useful and necessary
to discuss learning habits.There is a famous___________ (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”，which shows the
importance of habits. 3．(2015·海南海口二模)Be sure to be with a strong ____________(aware) that you are what you eat! saying awareness 一、形容词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -age -cy -dom short→shortage不足；短缺 efficient→efficiency效率；功效 fluent→fluency
流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy
准确性 private→privacy
隐私，私密 free→freedom自由；自主 wise→wisdom
明智；智慧 后缀 例词 -ence -ness -th -y -ty -ity different→difference差异 silent→silence
沉默 weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness
仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness
粗心大意 strong→strength 力气；强项 warm→warmth
温暖；热情 difficult→difficulty 困难 cruel→cruelty
残酷；残暴 safe→safety
安全 responsible→responsibility
责任 二、动词变名词的后缀 后缀 例词 -al -ance -ence approve→approval 赞成；批准 arrive→arrival
到来；到达 survive→survival
幸存 propose→proposal
提议；建议 appear→appearance 出现；外貌 guide→guidance
指引；指导 perform→performance
表演；节目 exist→existence
存在；生存 prefer→preference
偏爱 refer→reference
参考；查阅 后缀 例词 -ion -tion -ation -(ss)ion -ing attract→attraction 吸引 invite→invitation
邀请；请柬 graduate→graduation
毕业 expect→expectation
期待；期望 compete→competition
比赛；竞争 explain→explanation
解释 discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论 decide→decision
决定 admit→admission
接纳；准许入学
hear→hearing 听力；听觉 start→starting
开始 后缀 例词 -ment -ure -ture -y 其他 achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument
辩论；论据 treat→treatment
对待；治疗 fail→failure 失败；没做到 press→pressure
压力 mix→mixture
混合；混合物 depart→departure
离开；出发 recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery
发现 choose→choice 选择 vary→variety
多样化；种类 tend→tendency
趋向；趋势 名师指津 1．根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空前的限定词判断词性:冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。 2．根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾 语、同位语时，一般用所给词的名词形式。 3．确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成 适当的形式。 1．(2015·贵州贵阳一模)The____________(protect) and
improvement of the human environment is a major issue
which affects all the people and economic development
throughout the world. 2．(2015·甘肃兰州模拟)Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other____________(choose)，though. protection choice 3．(2015·长春质量检测二)The customer thought for a
moment，but didn’t respond because he didn’t want to
start an____________(argue)． 4．(2015·哈尔滨二模)British families started going on
holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19thcentury. The____________(invent) of the railways made this possible. argument invention 考点三 冠词的基本用法
1．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ，语法填空，节选)The adobe
dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of American
Southwest are admired by even____________most modern
of architects and engineers. 2．(2015·宁夏银川调研)Some inventions happen in strange
ways.The potato chip is one of them.Moon’s Lake House
was____________restaurant in New York in the 1850s. the a 3．(2016·贵州七校联考)We can broaden our
horizons and know more about the world by watching ____________latest news and reports. 4．(2017·高考辽宁卷，短文改错，节选)Besides，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.__________________ 5．(2015·海口二模)Lionel Messi，_____player from the
South American country of Argentina，is the greatest soccer
player alive today. the a 第一个a→an 一、不定冠词的基本用法 1．用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。 At that time，I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车零部件。 2．表示数量“一”或“任何一个”。 —What would you like? ——你想喝点什么？ —I would like a coffee and two beers. ——我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。 3．用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。 He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。 二、定冠词的基本用法 1．特指前面已提及的人或物，或双方都知道的人或物。 Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不着急——从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 2.用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前,表“一类人或物”。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。 3．用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。 4．用于被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前。 (2015·高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚听说多拉工作的银行被一个戴面具的持枪人抢劫了。 专题1
名词、冠词和代词 专题强 化训练