话题词汇
1.absorb v.吸引；使全神贯注
2.accumulate v.积累；积聚
3.consult v.咨询；商量
4.correction n.改正
5.dictation n.听写
6.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的
7.grasp v.抓住；掌握
8.bear sth.in mind记住(某事)
9.enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩大词汇量
10.have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.在某事方面有困难
经典语篇 (2015·四川)
假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：
1.词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文中不得透漏个人姓名和学校名称。
Hi，Sharon，
This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.
Li Xia
佳作欣赏
Hi，Sharon，
This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am quite interested in it.I think I’m fit for it.As a student，I have been learning Mandarin for many years.In addition，I am Chinese，which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.① So I’m quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.
Learning Mandarin takes time②， so if you want to learn it well，you should spend much time practicing Mandarin every day.As the saying goes，practice makes perfect.Besides，you can also read some books in Chinese，see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes.Speaking and listening are very important for language learning，by which you are sure to make great progress.③
In your post，you say you can teach English as a reward.It is just what I want.I’m eager to improve my English.So，if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin，you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese，so that we can improve our oral speaking.④
Hope for your early reply!
Li Xia
思维发散
1.将第①句改为并列句
In addition，I am Chinese，and this means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.
2.仿照第②句用“动名词短语作主语”完成句子
挑选衣服真的是一件难事，因为你喜欢的衣服并不总是适合你。
Choosing clothes is really a difficult job，because the clothes you like are not always suitable for you.
3.仿照第③句用“介词＋关系代词”翻译句子
他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。(2015·重庆)
He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
4.将第④句改为简单句
We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese so as to/in order to improve our oral speaking.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.deed (n.)行为，行动
2.eyesight (n.)视力
3.aside (adv.)除……之外
4.defeat (vt.)击败，战胜
5.appearance
(n.)外观，外貌
6.nowadays
(adv.)现在，如今
7.thus
(adv.)以此方式，如此；因此，从而
8.official
(adj.)官方的，正式的
9.character
(n.)(书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格
10.replace
(vt.)替换，代替，取代
replacement
(n.)代替，更换
11.practical
(adj.)切实可行的，实用的
practise
(v.)练习，实践
12.indicate (vt.)显示，表示；象征，暗示
indication
(n.)显示；表明
13.combine
(vt.& vi.)组合；(使)联合
combination
(n.)联合；结合
14.pure
(adj.)纯的，纯净的
purify
(vt.)净化
purity
(n.)纯洁，纯净
15.mistaken
(adj.)错误的；误解的
mistake
(n.)错误；(vt.)弄错；误解
16.interrupt
(vi.& vt.)插嘴，打断，暂停
interruption (n.)打断，中断
17.conclusion (n.)结论；推论
conclude
(vi.& vt.)(使)结束；下结论；推断
18.differ
(vi.)相异，有区别
different
(adj.)不同的
difference (n.)不同(之处)
19.custom (n.)风俗，习俗
customer (n.)顾客；消费者
customs (n.)海关；关税
20.mixture (n.)混合，混合体
mix (v.)混合；调配
mixed (adj.)混合的，混杂的
B.阅读单词
21.unique (adj.)独特的
22.process (n.)过程；进程
23.accent (n.)口音，腔调；着重点
24.distinguish (vt.)区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
25.occupy (vt.)占领；占用(时间、空间等)
occupation (n.)占领；占用；工作，职业
26.distinction (n.)区别，差别；优秀；辨别
distinct (adj.)不同的；清晰的；明显的
27.press (vt.)(被)压，挤，推，施加压力；(n.)报刊；资讯界；出版社
pressure (n.)压力；挤压
28.convenient (adj.)方便的，便利的
convenience (n.)方便，便利；便利的设施或用具
inconvenient (adj.)不方便的
29.represent (vt.)代表；展示，描绘
representative (n.)代表
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.lead to导致
2.stand for代表，象征
3.aside from 除……之外
4.name after以……命名
5.consist of/be made up of由……组成(构成)
6.as a whole作为整体，总体上
7.differ from和……不同，不同于
8.take control of控制，取得对……的控制
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
那是英语有这么多难的令人困惑不解的规则的原因。
2.After the Norman Conquest，highclass people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服之后，上层阶级的人说法语，而普通人说英语。
3.The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
将来英语是否会继续改变这一问题是很容易回答的。
4....but the question is what I should do if I cannot guess the meanings.
……但问题是要是我依然不理解我将怎么做。
5.Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
6.While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting，the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
1
[应试指导] be occupied (in) doing sth.
1occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事
be occupied with sth.从事忙于做某事
2occupation n.工作；职业；占据；消遣
(1)I saw three camp beds，two of which were occupied.
我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。
(2)Having retired from business，he now occupies himself with the welfare of the disabled.
从公司退休之后，他现在忙于残疾人的福利。
多维训练
(1)用occupy的适当形式填空
①I have been occupied in reading history books.
②I suppose I was looking for an occupation which was going to be an adventure.
(2)一句多译
他忙于翻译一本英语小说。
①He was occupied in translating an English novel.(be occupied in)
②He occupied himself in translating an English novel.(occupy oneself in)
③He was occupied with the translation of an English novel.(be occupied with)
(3)
herself with routine office tasks，she had no time to look after her children.
A.Occupying
B.Occupied
C.Being occupied
D.To be occupied
答案 A
解析 句意为：由于忙碌于日常办公任务，她没有时间照顾孩子。本题中occupying herself with...是动词ing短语作原因状语。
2
[应试指导] consist of不用于被动语态和进行时态
[多词一义] consist of，be composed of，be made up of
1consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of由……组成
consist with与……一致
consist in＝lie in在于……；存在于……
2consistent adj.一致的；一贯的；连续的
be consistent with与……一致的；符合的
(1)Unlike most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.(2015·湖北)
不像荷兰大部分地方，希尔弗瑟姆实际处于多山地区，土壤多由沙子组成。
(2)Good service consists in punctuality and dependability.
良好的服务在于守时与可靠。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①The true wealth does not consist in what we have，but in what we are.
②What he has said doesn’t consist with what he has done.
③The atmosphere consists of more than 70% of nitrogen.
④New goals are not always consistent with the existing policies.
(2)同义词语替换
This club consists of eight members.is made up of/is composed of
(3)Coal
mostly
carbon is the main energy today.
A.consist；of
B.consisting；of
C.consists；of
D.consisted；of
答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中的consist of作后置定语，consist没有被动。故答案为B。
3
[多词一义] contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to
1make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献
2contribute vt.捐助；投稿；vi.投稿；贡献
contribute...to...把……贡献给……；向……投稿
contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入到……
(1)Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？
(2)The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.
志愿者把自己的时间花在了这个计划上。
(3)Some riders of ebikes and bicycles come and go in all directions, ignoring traffic lights and other vehicles.Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.(2015·江苏)
一些电瓶车和自行车向各个方向横冲直撞，完全无视交通灯和其他车辆。这种粗鲁的骑车方式导致了交通混乱。
[图解助记]
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空
①The editor said he had no time to look through the essays contributed(contribute) recently.
②Thanks for the contributions you have made(make) in the past ten years.
③She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.
(2)同义句改写
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
Various factors resulted in/led to/was responsible for/caused his downfall.
(3)Our appetite for new products also
to the problem.We are addicted to buying new things.
A.adapts
B.returns
C.responds
D.contributes
答案 D
解析 考查固定短语搭配。句意为：我们的新产品需求也导致一些问题。我们对购买新东西上瘾。adapt to适应，改编；return to返回，回复；respond to对……做出反应；contribute to有助于，导致。由句意知选D。
(4)President Xi Jinping presents commemorative medals to veterans (老兵) for their
China’s victory against Japanese aggression.
A.authority over
B.prescription with
C.attendance at
D.contribution to
答案 D
解析 考查名词短语辨析。句意为：因为他们对中国抗日战争胜利的贡献，国家主席习近平向老兵们颁发了纪念章。authority over对……的控制；prescription with……的处方；attendance at在……的出席；contribution to对……的贡献。根据句意可知选D。
4
[多词一义] replace，take the place of，substitute...with/for
1replace...with...用……替换……
2in place of代替介词短语
take one’s place代替；就座
take the place of代替动词短语，可作谓语
(1)My daughter replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.
我女儿小心翼翼地把杯子放回茶碟。
(2)Can anything replace a mother’s love?
有什么东西能代替母爱吗？
(3)I’m going to replace my old car with a new one.
我打算买辆新车来取代那辆旧车。
[词义辨析] replace，substitute
(1)这两个词的含义略有不同，replace强调“替换，更换”，即把旧的或坏的东西更换成新的(通常用take the place of更通俗些)；而substitute强调“代替，顶替”。
(2)在句型结构上，通常是：replace A with/by B“用B替换A”(使用B)；substitute A for B“用A代替B”(使用A)。
多维训练
(1)用replace，substitute的适当形式填空
①The driver replaced the wornout tires with new ones.
②He substituted for the teacher who was in hospital.
(2)一句多译
他将代替汤姆参加会议。
①He will take the place of Tom to attend the meeting. (take the place of)
②He will attend the meeting in place of Tom. (in place of)
③He will take Tom’s place to attend the meeting. (take one’s place)
(3)John is not here today.Who can
him in the game?
A.replace
B.take the place
C.instead of
D.in place of
答案 A
解析 replace sb.＝take the place of sb.代替某人，符合句意。in place of代替，但它是介词短语，不能作谓语。
5
[应试指导] 其高级词汇是prohibit，forbid
1ban doing sth.禁止做某事
ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
2a ban on sth.对……的禁令
put/place a ban on sth.宣布禁止……
(1)The Chinese government has decided to ban smoking in public places across the country.
中国政府已经决定在全国范围内的公共场合禁烟。
(2)Always observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.
要遵守地区禁火令。如果你抽烟或者在户外生火或烧烤要小心——确保离开前灰烬冷却。(2015·江苏)
(3)I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco advertising.
我确实认为应该禁止香烟广告。
多维训练
用适当的介词填空
(1)After the accident，he was banned from driving.
(2)He says the proposals may include a ban on drunken driving.
(3)The government put a ban on the sale of that drug.
6
access n.接近的方法；通路；入径；使用或见到的机会；权利常与to连用；可接近性；vt.进入；使用
[应试指导] access前通常不加冠词，且access短语中的to是介词
1have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入
give access to准许进入接近
2accessible adj.可到达的；易懂的；随和的
be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
(1)There is no access to the house from the main road.
从大道走没有进入这所房子的入口。
(2)Students must have access to good resources.
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
(3)You need a password to get access to the computer system.
使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空
①In the earthquake stricken area，fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village.
②Dictionaries should be put where they are easily accessible(access).
(2)With the release of the latest version of iPhone，users can have easy
to evergrowing incredible online games.
A.desire
B.access
C.certificate
D.privilege
答案 B
解析 句意为：随着最新版iPhone的发行，用户们能够更容易玩那些不断增加的网络游戏。have access to有接近的机会或权利，为固定搭配。选B。
(3)Not all parts of the interior (腹地) of Australia are easily
，because it is very hot and not many people live there.
A.admirable
B.available
C.adjustable
D.accessible
答案 D
解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：并不是澳大利亚所有的内陆地区都易于接近，因为很热，没有多少人住在那里。admirable 值得敬佩的；available可获得的；adjustable可协调的；accessible易接近的，平易近人的，根据句意可知选D项。
7
[应试指导] (1)介词搭配 (2)词形变化考查
(1)differ from不同于；和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
(2)difference n.差别，差异
make a difference有差别，有影响
tell the difference between A and B分清A和B
(3)different adj.不同的；个别的；各式各样的；不平常的
be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
(1)The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
我们所吃的食物——何时吃及怎样吃——对于某个特定的文化来说经常是独特的，即使在同一个国家的农村地区和城市地区也可能不同。(2015·安徽)
(2)Whatever you can do can make a difference.
无论你能做什么，都会带来不同。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空
①Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.
②Can you tell the difference between an ape and a monkey?
③Quite different(differ) from your opinion，I’m in favor of it.
(2)Leaves are found on all kinds of trees，but they differ greatly
size and shape.
A.on
B.from
C.by
D.in
答案 D
解析 考查介词搭配。differ in在……方面不同，所以选D。
8
by the name of名叫……
in the name of以……的名义；代表
under the name of用……为别名
(1)The strait was named after its discoverer.
这个海峡是以他的发现者命名的。
(2)I would like to give you some advice in the name of a friend.
我愿意以朋友的名义给你一些建议。
(3)H.H.Munro wrote under the name of Saki.H.H.
蒙罗以笔名萨基从事写作。
多维训练
(1)他们用她妈妈的名字为这个女孩命名。
They name the little girl after her mother.
(2)在公正的名义下，所有人在法律面前应该是平等的。
In the name of justice，all men should be equal before laws.
(3)是不是有位名叫丹尼斯·弗莱明的先生？
Is there anyone by the name of Dennis Fleming?
9
[应试指导] 区分besides，except，apart from，except for
1besides除外的部分包含在内，相当于with/plus。
2except除外的部分不包含在内，相当于without。
3apart/aside from兼有besides以及except的用法。
4except for排除整体中的一个细节或某一方面。
(1)Aside from a severe fright，Mr.White was uninjured.
除了严重惊吓之外，怀特先生并无受伤。
(2)Besides a father she has a younger brother to support.
除了父亲外，她还有一个弟弟要供养。
(3)We had a smooth journey except for a flat tyre.
除了车胎爆了，路途还是挺顺利的。
多维训练
(1)用以上表“除了”的单词或短语填空
①They all went to sleep except the young Frenchman.
②What has he done，aside/apart from/besides reading the newspaper?
③The driver couldn’t see either.Besides，the roads are nearly impassable.
(2)
the paintings of Da Vinci，the Louvre Museum has more than 6,000 other European paintings.
A.Except for
B.Aside from
C.Except
D.Beside
答案 B
解析 句意为：除了达芬奇的油画，卢浮宫还收有6 000多幅其他的欧洲油画。所以选择B。
10
[多词一义] lead to，cause，result in，bring about，give rise to，contribute to
1lead sb.to do...使某人做……
lead sb.to...使某人得出……；引导某人到……
lead the way带路
lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
2in the lead领先；处于首位
take the lead带头；领先
(1)Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.
不远处有一座桥可以让他到达树旁摘到更多的水果。
(2)None of the competitors could catch up with the untiring runner who was in the lead.
没有一个参赛者能追上那个不知疲倦的领跑者.
(3)He took the lead in adopting foreign customs.
他率先采用外国习惯。
多维训练
(1)根据汉语提示填空
With him leading the way (带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would lead to (导致) serious consequences.His action led us to believe (使我们相信) that he was our true friend.
(2)一句多译
这个政策将给这个地区带来更大的不稳定。
①This policy would lead to greater instability in the region. (lead)
②This policy would result in greater instability in the region. (result)
③This policy would contribute to greater instability in the region. (contribute)
④This policy would give rise to greater instability in the region. (rise)
11
stand for代表，象征；支持；主张；容忍(用于否定句)
[多词一义] (1)stand for，represent，be on behalf of
(2)stand，put up with，bear，tolerate
stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand out突出；显眼；杰出
stand doing...容忍做……
as it stands照此情况，照这个样子
from where I stand以我的观点立场
(1)As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.
正如我们可以想到的，他的作品大部分很清晰，公平地说，有的章节明显优于其他。(2015·湖北)
(2)I can’t stand listening to songs like that.
我受不了那样的音乐。
(3)The house will sell for 50,000 dollars，as it stands.
这房子照现在的情况要卖5万美元。
(4)Well，from where I stand，the policy is completely a mistake.
嗯，依我看，这个政策纯粹是个错误。
多维训练
(1)短语填空
①How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?
②The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.
③I disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.
(2)After several rounds of competition，the little girl
because of her excellent English and quick wit.
A.stood out
B.picked out
C.turned out
D.came out
答案 A
解析 句意为：经过几轮的竞争后，那个小女孩由于出色的英语和机敏脱颖而出。stand out显眼，突出，符合题意。pick out挑选；turn out证明是；come out出现，出版。
12
[应试指导] 写作中on the whole的应用
on the whole大体上；基本上；总的来说
the whole of整个……
(1)The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole.
这次会演对我们城市乃至整个国家都将是意义重大的。
(2)On the whole，life was much quieter after John left.
总的来说，自从约翰离开以后，生活变得平静多了。
(3)She spent the whole of the year in hospital.
她住院住了整整一年了。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①The department as a whole(整体来看) has performed well this year.
②On the whole(基本上)，he got what he wanted.
(2)
，what you said agreed with the answer on the book.
A.As a whole
B.On the whole
C.As the whole
D.On a whole
答案 B
解析 句意为：总的来说，你所说的与书上答案一致。on the whole总的来说，符合句意。as a whole作为整体。
13
多维训练
(1)写出下列句中raise的汉语意思
①A lot of money has been raised to help poor children to finish school.筹集
②The teacher stopped and a girl at the back of the class raised her hand.举起
③We must raise the living standards of the people.提高
④I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my courage.提出
⑤He had to raise a family.抚养
(2)选词填空
①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
②The book raises many important issues for our consideration.
③This is a problem arising out of the lack of communication.
解析 raise vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；被提及
rise vi.上升；上涨；起床，站立
arise vi.出现；发生；起因于
(3)Those who want to say anything more
your hands and then
to speak.
A.rise；raise
B.raise；rise
C.raise；raise
D.rise；rise
答案 B
解析 考查raise与rise的区别。第一空表示举手；第二空意为站起来，所以选择B。
14
多维训练
(1)用concern的适当形式填空
①Concerning the tollfree policy on the express way，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about/for the safety.
②I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.
(2)完成句子
①有关人士都被邀请到这里来讨论下一步做什么。
People concerned have been invited here to discuss what to do next.
②就我们而言，你们随时想走就可以走。
As far as we’re concerned you can go whenever you want.
(3)
about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
A.Concerning
B.Concern
C.Concerned
D.To concern
答案 C
解析 考查分词作状语的用法。句意为：因为担心这个学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他为什么经常逃课。be concerned about担心……。此处为形容词化的分词短语作原因状语。答案为C。
15
多维训练
(1)用combine的适当形式填空
①These refugees are looked after by the combined efforts of the host countries and nongovernmental organizations.
②Each side benefits a lot from combination.
③Combined with that big company，the small firm becomes more competitive.
(2)完成句子
①我们应该学会在工作中享受乐趣。
We should learn to combine work with pleasure.
②工人们联合起来反对老板。
The workers combined against the boss.
③他和朋友联合做生意。
He carried on the business in combination with his friends.
(3)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，
the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.(2015·福建，33)
A.combine
B.combined
C.combining
D.being combined
答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：最近几年，一个英语单词“infosphere”出现了，它是把“information”和“atmosphere”两个词结合在了一起。combine和其逻辑主语word是主动关系。所以选C。
16
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family.(2015·广东)
②Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.
(2)用distinguish的适当形式填空
①Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.
②The bird has no distinguishing features.
(3)同义句改写
He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.
17
That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
那是英语有这么多难的令人困惑不解的规则的原因。
This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……，这/那就是……的原因
This/That is because...这/那是因为……
The reason why...is that...原因是……
(1)That’s why I left so early.
那就是我早早离开的原因。
(2)That is because so much things depend on them.
那是因为有那么多事情都依赖着他们。
(3)The reason why he didn’t come was that he was ill.
他没来是因为他病了。
多维训练
(1)用适当的连接词填空
①This is why they cannot be used everywhere.
②This is because nothing focuses minds faster than a war.
③The reason why the lawyers were wary was that email cannot be destroyed.
(2)From space，the earth looks blue.This is
about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.(2017·安徽，21)
A.why
B.how
C.because
D.whether
答案 C
解析 考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面大约71%被水覆盖。because和why均可引导表语从句，若前后句之间的逻辑关系是“前果后因”则用because，若是“前因后果”则用why。
(3)China is developing fast.That’s
I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.
A.because
B.why
C.when
D.how
答案 B
解析 考查表语从句。句意为：中国在飞速发展，这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。根据句意可知，应用why引导表语从句。
18
The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
将来英语是否会继续改变这一问题是很容易回答的。
1在句型“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中，不定式作表语形容词的状语，并且和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。
2该不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；动词为不及物动词时，需在动词后加上相应的介词。
3常见的此类形容词有easy，hard，difficult，interesting，heavy，pleasant，comfortable，safe，dangerous，impossible等，该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。
(1)The new manager is hard to get on with.
新来的经理很难相处。
(2)Their plan is very easy to carry out.
他们的方案很容易实施。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空
①This machine is very easy to operate(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
②I like getting up early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe(breathe).
③The question was easy enough for me to answer.
(2)In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant
.
A.to deal with
B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with
D.dealt with
答案 A
解析 在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。
(3)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable
.
A.held
B.holding
C.be held
D.to hold
答案 D
解析 可认为comfortable后省略了hold的逻辑主语for sb.，故用主动形式表示被动意义。
微写作
写作素材 (关于礼貌)
1.国与国之间习俗不同。
2.为了和谐相处，我们应该相互尊重。
3.不要以貌取人。
4.当别人说话的时候不打断他们是有礼貌的。
5.从而我们能够避免很多令人尴尬的情形。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Customs differ from country to country.We ought to respect each other in order to live in harmony.Don’t judge a person by his appearance.It’s good manners not to interrupt others when they are talking.Thus we can avoid many embarrassing situations.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.The secretary arranged a(n)
time and space for the applicants to have an interview.
A.important
B.spare
C.public
D.convenient
答案 D
解析 important重要的；spare闲暇的；public公众的；convenient方便的。根据句意“这位秘书为所有应聘者安排好了方便的面试时间和地点。”，同时联系生活实际可推知，秘书的工作职责之一应该是做一些能够提供便利的事情，故答案为D项。
2.—In this day and age，women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two
.
A.linked
B.related
C.connected
D.combined
答案 D
解析 句意为：——在现在这个时代，女人可以养育小孩，也可以工作。——我非常同意。这两者结合真是太好了。link连接，联系；relate使互相关联；connect连接；combine结合，合并。“养小孩”和“工作”是结合进行的，故选D。
3.I had forgotten about it because I had been so
with other things.
A.absorbed
B.occupied
C.supplied
D.devoted
答案 B
解析 句意为：我把这事给忘了是因为我一直忙着别的事情。“be occupied with＋名词”忙于……；be absorbed in全身心投入；be devoted to致力于，但设空后是介词with，故排除A、D两项。be supplied with用……供给，不合逻辑，故被排除。故选B。
4.I’m sure your suggestion will
the problem.
A.contribute to solving
B.be contributed to solve
C.contribute to solve
D.be contributed to solving
答案 A
解析 句意为：我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。contribute to表示“有助于，促成”，其中to为介词，后面要跟名词或动名词。再由contribute to与其逻辑主语your suggestion存在主动关系，所以选A。
5.Many people expect that credit cards will eventually
paper money for almost every purchase.
A.trade
B.exchange
C.replace
D.reduce
答案 C
解析 句意为：许多人认为在几乎每笔交易中信用卡会最终取代纸币。replace代替，符合句意。
6.As a peaceloving country，we’ll declare a total
on nuclear arms.
A.ban
B.arrival
C.control
D.movement
答案 A
解析 句意为：作为一个热爱和平的国家，我们宣布全面禁止核武器。ban禁止，符合题意。
7.I think it is a top priority for us to furnish the children with
to the Internet.
A.procedure
B.allowance
C.means
D.access
答案 D
解析 access to接近，进入，使用……，符合题意。
8.You should be
in the way you treat your children instead of being changeable，or they would get confused about how you really want them to be.
A.consistent
B.responsible
C.flexible
D.critical
答案 A
解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在对待孩子的方式上你应该始终如一，而不是变化无常，不然他们就会对你究竟要他们怎么做感到困惑。句中的“instead of being changeable”表明本题应选consistent“一致的，始终如一的”。
9.Color blind people often find it difficult to
between blue and green.
A.separate
B.distinguish
C.compare
D.contrast
答案 B
解析 句意为：色盲的人常感到区分蓝和绿困难。distinguish between...and...区分……和……。所以选B。
10.He differed
other people
he always looked further ahead in his work.
A.from；in which
B.from；in that
C.with；in which
D.with；in that
答案 B
解析 句意为：他不同于别人，因为他总是在工作中能有远见。 differ from与……不同；in that连词，意为“由于；因为”。
11.There are some spelling and grammar mistakes in your graduation paper，but
it is satisfactory.
A.above all
B.in short
C.on the whole
D.on the other hand
答案 C
解析 句意为：你的毕业论文中有一些拼写和语法错误，但总体而言还是令人满意的。on the whole整体上，符合句意。
12.We should hold a meeting to decide who should be sent to
the project.
A.take control
B.take control of
C.in control of
D.taking control of
答案 B
解析 根据句意，应选表示“管理，控制”意义的动词短语。故选B项。
13.The good result
the correct methods，that is to say，correct methods
the good result.
A.lies；lead
B.leads to；lie in
C.lies in；lead to
D.lies to；lead to
答案 C
解析 句意为：好的结果在于正确的方法，也就是说，正确的方法导致好的结果。lie in在于；lead to引起，导致。所以选C。
14.He got killed in the accident.That’s
he was careless.
A.because
B.why
C.what
D.that
答案 A
解析 句意为：在事故中他死去了。那是因为他粗心的缘故。That’s because...那是因为……。所以选A。
15.He has been acting very strangely these days.I can’t
his actions any longer.
A.ask for
B.account to
C.call for
D.stand for
答案 D
解析 句意为：这些天他行为古怪，我再也无法忍受他的行为了。stand for容忍，忍受。所以选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
President Xi Jinping delivers a policy speech to Chinese and United States’ CEOs during a dinner reception in Seattle，Washington，September 22,2015.
Beijing and Washington must read each other’s strategic intentions correctly，and have “less estrangement (隔阂，疏远) and suspicion in order to forestall (预先阻止) misunderstanding and miscalculation，” said Chinese President Xi Jinping Tuesday night in his first major policy speech on ChinaUS ties since he arrived in the US early Tuesday.
Xi called for more understanding and trust between the US and China，prior to his formal talks with President Barack Obama at the White House on Friday.
“China is ready to set up a highlevel jointdialogue mechanism with the United States on fighting cybercrimes，” he said，adding that the Chinese government was a firm defender of cybersecurity while also being a victim of cybercrime.The world’s two largest economies “should strictly base our judgment on fact，for fear that we become victims to hearsay，paranoia，or selfimposed bias”.
Xi made his remarks in a 40minute speech，the only public speech during his US visit，at a dinner attended by more than 750 business leaders and other dignitaries (显要人物)，including former secretary of State Henry Kissinger.It was sponsored by the National Committee on United StatesChina Relations and the USChina Business Council.
In addition to cybersecurity，Xi raised other issues of concern to some in the US audience，including China’s stock market and investment.
Xi said that the government had taken necessary steps to stabilize the stock market after recent turbulence (动荡) triggered wide concern.China’s central bank adjusted its currency exchange rate according to market supply and demand in August，which the president said has achieved “initial success” in correcting the currency rate deviation (货币汇率偏差).
Xi also reiterated (重申) China’s opposition to cyber theft，in spite of high tensions between the two countries because the US has blamed several cyber attacks on China recently.
“China is a strong defender of cybersecurity.It is also a victim of hacking，” Xi said.“The Chinese government will not，in whatever form，engage in commercial thefts or encourage or support such attempts by anyone.Both commercial cyber theft and hacking against government networks are crimes that must be punished in accordance with the law and relevant international treaties.”
Xi also shared the story of his hard and starving youth in a remote village to illustrate what a Chinese dream means for ordinary Chinese people.
Xi arrived at Seattle early Tuesday morning with his wife Peng Liyuan，and was warmly welcomed by Washington state business leaders and officials.
US Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said that while this week many significant deals will be announced during Xi’s visit，it exemplifies (例证) US companies’ commitment to support China’s development both with capital and worldclass technology.
Kissinger，who played a major role with opening relations between China and the United States in the 1970’s，said Xi’s state visit is an important step in lifting the two countries’ relationship from the day to day solving of problems to the creating of a new world order.
Xi will take part in a roundtable discussion with Chinese and American executives，visit Boeing and Microsoft offices and a local high school before flying to Washington on Thursday morning.
16.What can we know about Xi’s visit in US?
A.He met President Barack Obama at the White House on Tuesday.
B.His major intention was to improve the ChinaUS ties.
C.He will make a formal policy speech on ChinaUS ties on Friday.
D.This was his first visit to US.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beijing and Washington must read each other’s strategic intentions correctly...”以及第三段中的“Xi called for more understanding and trust between the US and China...”，可知习近平访美的首要目的是加强中美关系。故选B。
17.What can we NOT know about the speech?
A.President Barack Obama was at the dinner，too.
B.It was the only public speech during Xi’s visit there.
C.It was sponsored by the National Committee on United StatesChina Relations and the USChina Business Council.
D.It lasted 40 minutes and was made at a dinner.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段的描述可知文中提到了这次宴会是习近平在访问期间的唯一一次公开演讲，这次宴会是由中美关系协会和中美贸易委员会赞助的，习近平的演讲持续了40分钟，并且是晚餐中间进行的。文中没有关于奥巴马是否在场的描述。故选A。
18.What did Xi talk about at the speech?
A.The stock market in US.
B.China’s investment in Europe.
C.The cybersecurity in China and US.
D.His experience in New York when he was young.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“Xi also reiterated (重申) China’s opposition to cyber theft，...”和第九段中的“China is a strong defender of cybersecurity.”可知习近平在谈话中间提到了网络安全问题。故选C。
19.How will US companies support China’s development?
A.By exporting natural resources.
B.By building factories in China.
C.By exporting toplevel talents to China.
D.By providing China with high technology.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“...it exemplifies (例证) US companies’ commitment to support China’s development both with capital and worldclass technology.”可知美国公司将会为中国的发展提供世界级的技术支持。故选D。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
Amazon’s Top 100 book list changes hourly，but two colouring books for grownups are the mainstays right now.
An artist named Johanna Basford pretty much owns two slots of the top seven books on Amazon，next to household names like Erik Larson and Dr.Phil.But Basford’s books aren’t novels—they’re collections of blackandwhite drawings.The artist，who graduated from design school in 2005 and is based in Scotland，has turned her lovely ink drawings into colouring books “for grownups”. And they’re wildly popular，selling millions of copies.
What is it about these books that has made them so popular with adults? Basford told me that when she first suggested to publishers the idea of a grownup colouring book four years ago，“colouring for adults wasn’t the trend it is now.You can imagine how quiet they went after I suggested it.”
But the book she ended up drawing has become a phenomenon：2017’s Secret Garden：An Inky Treasure Hunt and Colouring Book is currently #2 on Amazon’s Top 100 and has sold 1.4 million copies.The followup，Enchanted Forest：An Inky Quest & Colouring Book，is #6 right now.Why is colouring suddenly a craze amongst grownups?
Basford pointed to some reasons—first，that colouring books are a way for adults who don’t normally draw or paint to be creative.“A blank sheet of paper can be discouraging，but a colouring book acts as a bit of a buffer(缓冲) in this situation，” she says.
Second，colouring books don’t require anywhere near as much logical thought as，say，drawing a portrait.There are psychological benefits，too：
“I’ve heard from so many people ranging from lawyers，financial advisers，business owners and busy mums，all say the same thing：that colouring helps them relax.Then there’re people who are recovering from illness or dealing with a difficult time in their lives，they too find the calming effects of colouring is beneficial to them.”
What’s so striking about Secret Garden and Enchanted Forest is that they’ve managed to stay at the top of Amazon’s best seller list as physical books，alongside those that can be instantly downloaded and read.Basford hears that too：She points out that her books are an activity that can be done without the help of your wifi router.“It’s a chance to unplug，look away from the screens and do something fun，” she says.Maybe Basford has plugged into a vast and unacknowledged desire to really，actually do nothing—to let the brain take over，without the technology.
Title Secret Garden & Enchanted Forest
Author Johanna Basford •She is an artist graduating from design school and 20.living/working now in Scotland.
•She 21.ranks/comes third on Amazon behind Erik Larson and Dr.Phil.
•With all the publishers’ 22.disapproval/disagreement(s)/objection(s)，she still stuck to her idea to draw.
About the books •They are colouring books，many blackandwhite drawings 23.contained.
•24.Adults/Grownups are their target readers.
•They have become extremely successful，with millions of copies sold.
•Strikingly，as physical books，they top Amazon’s best seller list along with 25.ebooks.
Reasons why the books have become such a(n) 26.hit/success •Compared with a blank sheet of paper，it can 27.encourage people to be creative in drawing or painting.
•They can bring inner 28.calmness/peace/relaxation to patients and stressout adults with different occupations.
•They allows people the 29.chance/possibility to have entertainment without technology.