话题词汇
1.athlete n.运动员
2.champion n.冠军
3.cheer v.欢呼；喝彩
4.judge n.裁判；v.判断
5.tournament n.锦标赛；联赛
6.track n.轨道；田径
7.a close game势均力敌的比赛
8.break the record打破纪录
9.compete in在……方面竞争
10.record holder纪录保持者
经典语篇(2017·湖南)
Directions：Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.
请以下列词语为关键词写一篇英语短文。
内容：1.自己或他人的一次经历；
2.你的感受。
注意：1.必须使用所给的4个关键词；
2.词数不少于120个。
佳作欣赏
Last term，I took part in a marathon which was hosted by the school.① So good was I at running that I had confidence to win the match.② When approaching the finish line，I found that one of my competitors fell down and got injured.③ I could have chosen to leave him alone and dashed to the end，but I stopped to help him.There was no doubt that the result was not so good and people called me a loser.
However，I found that I was also very delighted and satisfied though I was not a winner.Sometimes it is kindness rather than grades that plays a more significant role in our life.④ Though I was a loser in the match，I was a winner in my life.⑤
思维发散
1.将第①句改为过去分词短语作定语
Last term，I took part in a marathon hosted by the school.
2.将第②句改为正常语序
I was so good at running that I had confidence to win the match.
3.将第③句改为完整句
When I was approaching the finish line，I found that one of my competitors fell down and got injured.
4.仿照第④句用it is...that...和rather than翻译句子
重要的是你做的事情，而不是你说的话。(2015·陕西宝鸡中学模拟)
It is what you do rather than what you say that matters.
5.将第⑤句改为倒装句
Loser though/as I was in the match，I was a winner in my life.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.otherwise (adv.)否则，不然
2.final (adj.)最终的，最后的；(n.)决赛
finally (adv.)最后，终于
3.unfair (adj.)不公正的，不公平的
fair (adj.)公平的，公正的
fairly (adv.)公正地；相当地
4.absence (n.)缺席，不在场；不存在
absent (adj.)缺席的，不在的
5.significance (n.)重要性，意义
significant (adj.)有重大意义的，重要的
6.remove (vt.)去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)
removal (n.)去除，移动；免职
7.tradition (n.)传统；风俗
traditional (adj.)传统的；风俗的
traditionally (adv.)传统地
8.compete (vi.)竞争；比赛
competitive (adj.)竞争的
competitor (n.)竞争者
competition (n.)比赛；竞争
9.delighted (adj.)愉快的，高兴的
delight (n.& vt.)快乐，高兴；使高兴
delightful (adj.)令人愉快的，可喜的
delightfully (adv.)愉快地
10.honour (n.)尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉；(vt.)尊敬，尊重(某人)
honourable
(adj.)光荣的，可敬的
honoured (adj.)(指人)受人尊敬的，感到荣幸的
11.power (n.)力量；能量；能力；影响力；权力；统治；(vt.)驱动，提供动力
powerful (adj.)强大的，强有力的
powerfully (adv.)强有力地；强大地；强烈地
B.阅读单词
12.champion (n.)冠军，优胜者
13.precious (adj.)宝贵的，珍贵的
14.attempt (n.& vt.)尝试，努力，试图
15.budget (n.)预算；(vi.& vt.)编制预算
16.meanwhile (adv.)与此同时；在此期间
17.contemporary (adj.)现代的，当代的；同一时代的
18.transport (n.)交通运输系统；交通工具；运输；(vt.)运输，运送
transportation (n.)运输；运输系统；运输工具
19.technique (n.)技术，工艺，技巧
technical (adj.)技术的，技能的
20.frequent (adj.)频繁的，经常发生的
frequently (adv.)频繁地，经常
frequency (n.)频繁
21.origin (n.)起源，起因；出身
original (adj.)原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的
originally (adv.)原来，起初
22.association (n.)协会，社团；关联；联想
associate (vt.)联想；联系；(adj.)非正式的；合伙的
associated (adj.)有关联的，有联系的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.lead the way领先
2.hang on(在逆境中)坚持
3.in honour of为向……表示敬意
4.make way for给……让路，让位于……
5.pass something on (to somebody)转交，传给，递给
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会将有可能让所有国家的人民共同生活在和平之中。
2.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之骄傲。
3.Of course，the goal should not have counted.
当然，那个进球本该不算数的。
4.The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，即恼火又愤愤不平。
1
[应试指导] 写作高分句式：What delighted sb.is...替换to one’s delight
[多词一义] delight，amuse，please
1be delighted at/with/by sth.为某事而高兴
be delighted to do sth.高兴做某事
2delight n.高兴；愉快；快乐；令人高兴的事，乐事；乐趣；vt.使高兴；使欣喜
take delight in以……为乐；喜爱……
with delight高兴地
to one’s delight＝to the delight of sb.使某人高兴的是
(1)He was delighted at their fantastic performance.
他为他们精彩的表演而高兴。
(2)My wife was delighted to hear that things had returned to normal once more.
听到情况再次恢复了正常，我的妻子很高兴。
(3)He takes delight in music.他喜爱音乐。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①The boy takes great delight in pulling the cat’s tail.
②To our delight，everything goes well.
③The children unwrapped their Christmas presents with delight.
(2)完成句子
①What delighted us is(让我们高兴的是) his presence in person.
②Delighted at the news(为消息而高兴)，he feels satisfied.
2
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换importance
1be of great significance＝be very significant非常重要
be of no significance无意义，不重要
the significance of...……的重要性
2significant adj.重要的
3significantly adv.显著地；别有含义地；意味深长地
(1)Few people realized the significance of the discovery.
很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。
(2)Food can also have a specific meaning，and play a significant role in a family or culture’s celebrations or traditions.
食物也可能有特定的意思，在家庭或文化庆典和传统活动中起重要作用。(2015·安徽)
(3)He smiled significantly at his students.
他意味深长地对他的学生们笑了。
多维训练
(1)用“be＋of＋名词”结构改写句子
①Innovation in car design is very significant.
Innovation in car design is of great significance.
②The proposal they put forward at the meeting was not very significant.
The proposal they put forward at the meeting was of little significance.
(2)If you don’t work hard，it will be of no
for others to help you.
A.difference
B.significance
C.meaning
D.influence
答案 B
解析 句意为：如果你不努力，别人帮你也没用。be of no significance无意义的。由句意知选B。
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1compete in...参加……比赛
compete with/against与……竞争
compete for...为……角逐
2competition n.比赛；竞争
in competition with与……竞争
3competitive adj.竞争的
4competitor n.竞争者
(1)The two bears are competing with each other for food in the river，which is a fierce competition.
两只熊在河中争夺食物，竞争很激烈。
(2)Several companies are competing for the contract.
为得到那项合同，几家公司正在竞争。
(3)We need to work harder to remain competitive with other companies.
我们必须更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。
多维训练
(1)用compete的适当形式填空
①The bank isn’t performing as well as some of its competitors.
②Universities are very competitive for the best students.
③The company faces tough competition.
(2)用适当的介词填空
①Banks and building societies are competing fiercely for business.
②Her party is divided over whether to compete in the election.
③Africa will compete with/against Asia.
④We are in competition with some very large companies.
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1in honour of sb.＝in sb.’s honour为向……表示敬意；为了纪念……
have the honour to do/of doing...有幸做……
It’s an honourfor sb. to do...某人很荣幸做……
2be honoured as被尊称为
be honoured for因……而受到尊敬
be/feel honoured by因……而感到极大荣幸
be/feel honoured to do/of doing为做……而感到荣幸
(1)He had the honour of being a delegate to that international conference.
他有幸成为出席那次国际会议的代表。
(2)It was a great honour to be selected as representatives.
被选作代表是一件很荣幸的事。
(3)I feel highly honoured by your trust.
得到您的信任，我感到十分荣幸。
多维训练
(1)用适当的冠词或介词填空
①I have the honour of performing before you all.
②It’s an honour for me to be invited here.
③The employee should be honoured for his great help to the manager.
④She is honoured as a model teacher.
⑤The living treasures are honoured for their achievements in many different areas of life.
(2)A special title was awarded to Zhang Lili，an ordinary Chinese teacher，
her act of bravery to rescue two students at the risk of her own life.
A.in favor of
B.in place of
C.in honour of
D.in terms of
答案 C
解析 考查介词短语。in favor of赞成；in place of取代；in honour of为了纪念；in terms of就……而言。由句意可知选C。
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1absence from缺席,in one’s absence ＝in the absence of sb.在某人不在的时候
absence of mind心不在焉
2be absent from缺席……
(1)He never questions his father’s absence.
他从未问过为什么他的父亲不在。
(2)Those heat can warm things up pretty quickly in the absence of a cooling system.
在缺少冷却系统的情况下，那些热量能够使物体迅速升温。
(3)His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.
他开车时心不在焉，差点酿成事故。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Tom was absent from school because he was ill.
②In the manager’s absence，Mr.White is in charge of the business.
(2)The new chief executive says he needs an assistant that he can depend on to deal with the problems that may happen in his
.
A.presence
B.absence
C.distance
D.appearance
答案 B
解析 句意为：这个新董事长说他需要一个助手，可以在他不在期间依靠来处理问题。in one’s abscence在某人不在的时候。所以选择B。
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[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换try
1attempt to do/at doing...尝试/试图做……
2make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事
make an attempt on sb./sb.’s life企图刺杀某人
(1)It was one of his rare attempts at humor.
那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。
(2)The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.
只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。
(3)We retraced our route in an attempt to get back on the right path.
我们折返想回到正确的路上。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①I passed my driving test at the first attempt.
②Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life.
(2)一句多译
他们试图攀登珠穆朗玛峰(Mount Everest)。
①They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing Mount Everest. (attempt n.)
②They attempted to climb/(at) climbing Mount Everest. (attempt v.)
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[应试指导] 阅读高频词汇
1in association with和……交往；相联系；与……联合
2associate...with...把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
be associated with...和……有关
(1)Read these leaflets from the Sports Association.
阅读下面这些来自体育协会的小册子。
(2)I have no association with them.
我和他们没有联系。
(3)What would they think if they knew that they were associating with a murderer?
如果他们知道自己正在与一个杀人犯为伍会怎么想？
多维训练
(1)用associate的适当形式填空
①In the children’s minds，summer is associated with picnics.
②We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
③The first step to making friends is associating with other people.
(2)His grandfather has kept reminding him not to
with bad companions whether in school or in society.
A.associate
B.conduct
C.distinguish
D.participate
答案 A
解析 句意为：他的祖父一直在提醒他不管在学校里还是在社会上都不要结交坏的伙伴。associate结交；conduct导电，管理，实施； distinguish区分； participate参与。固定短语：associate with与……联系在一起；和……来往，选A。
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[应试指导] 在谚语中的应用
come to/into power掌权；上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中；在某人能力范围内
out of/beyond one’s power超出某人能力范围
(1)As the saying goes，“Knowledge is power.”
俗话说：“知识就是力量。”
(2)Ever since that political party coming to power last year took many effective measures to develop economy，great changes of people’s life have taken place.
自从去年上台执政的政党采取了很多发展经济的措施，人们的生活发生了很大变化。
(3)The boss had all his employees in his power.
老板控制着所有雇员。
[词义辨析] power，energy，force，strength
(1)power多指比喻性的力气、精神力量，如“权力；本领”。
(2)energy指物理上的“能量”，也指人生理上的“精力”，也可指“能源”。
(3)force意为“力量”，侧重于外力，指“力”所产生的效果，也可指军事力量或强迫(暴)力。
(4)strength指固有的潜在力量。指人时，着重指力气；就物而言，着重指强度、潜力等。
多维训练
(1)选词填空
①I did all in my power to save the boy from drowning.
②I don’t have the strength enough to lift this box.
③Plants absorb energy from the sun.
④We have renounced the use of force to settle our problems.
(2)同义句改写
He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.(用含有what从句的复合句改写)
He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.
(3)Leaders should be careful not to act beyond their
and do things against the law.
A.power
B.violence
C.competition
B.solution
答案 A
解析 句意为：领导们要小心不要超过自己的权限范围或做违法的事。beyond one’s power超出某人的权力范围，符合句意。所以选A。
9
[应试指导] (1)hang on在交际用语中的考查
(2)“hang＋副词”类语境词义辨析
hang out/around/about逗留；闲荡
hang back退缩；踌躇不前
hang up挂断电话
(1)Can you hang on for a minute?
你能不能稍等一会儿？
(2)Hang on to your present job until you can get another.
在没有找到新工作之前不要放弃目前的工作。
(3)The principal warned the student not to hang around the playground after school.
校长警告学生放学后不要在操场闲逛。
多维训练
选词填空
(1)I saw him step forward for a moment but then hang back，nervously.
(2)Hang on a minute；I’m nearly ready.
(3)He said he’d call again，and hung up on me.
(4)What’s the sense of having a public open space where you can’t eat，drink or even simply hang out for a while?
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[应试指导] pass的相关短语辨析
pass away消失；去世
pass by 时间流逝
pass down...to...把……传给……
pass through通过；经历；体验
pass out昏倒
pass...off as冒充
(1)Is there anything particular you want me to pass on to Ann?
有什么特别的事要我转告给安的吗？
(2)Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
透明的动物让光穿透他们的身体就像光穿透窗户一样。(2015·北京)
(3)He passed himself off as a senior psychologist.
他冒充成资深心理学家。
多维训练
用pass短语的适当形式填空
(1)She passed away peacefully in her sleep at the age of 96.
(2)Old people pass down tradition to the younger generation.
(3)Attendees must pass through airportlike security.
(4)Two years passed by before we knew it.
(5)He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out.
11
多维训练
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①We didn’t know his telephone number；otherwise we would have telephoned(telephone) him.
②He is old and sick，otherwise he would be working(work) right now.
(2)完成句子
①迄今为止，这个项目已拯救了成千上万个本来会死亡的孩子。
Up to now，the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
②他虽有点自负，但从其他方面来看这个工作倒是挺合适的。
He is a little selfconceited，but he is otherwise quite suitable for the post.
(3)Make a reservation in advance，
you would risk having to wait for a table.
A.therefore
B.otherwise
C.instead
D.somehow
答案 B
解析 考查otherwise作连词的用法。句意为：提前预定，否则将会有可能要等桌子。otherwise否则。由句意知选B。
12
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①在他们家，年轻人照顾长辈是一个传统。
It is a tradition that the young look after the old in their family.
②传统上，妇女结婚时穿白色长连衣裙。
Traditionally，women got married in long white dresses.
③在21世纪，新一代人必须保持优良传统。
In the 21st century，the new generation must continue to keep up fine tradition.
(2)There is a
in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A.tradition
B.balance
C.concern
D.Relationship
答案 A
解析 句意为：我们办公室有个传统，当有人过生日，就要带蛋糕到办公室给我们分享。由句意知选A。
13
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①We are removing from London to the country.
②Three children were removed from school.
③Students removed several desks to another classroom.
(2)同义句改写
After he removed fears from his mind，he felt relaxed.
①With fears removed from his mind，he felt relaxed.(用with复合结构改写)
②Fears removed from his mind，he felt relaxed.(用独立主格结构改写)
14
多维训练
(1)约翰用口哨召唤他的朋友们来树下集合。
John whistled for his friends to gather under the tree.
(2)老师在体育课结束时吹响了哨子。
The teacher blew a whistle at the end of the PE lesson.
15
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①I had to wait an extra hour so I wrote letters in the meanwhile/meantime(在此期间).
②I was doing my homework，and meanwhile(同时) my mother was cooking.
(2)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner，
.I’ll set the table.
A.As a result
B.On the whole
C.In the meanwhile
D.As a matter of fact
答案 C
解析 句意为：你去商店买我们所需东西会有很大帮助。在此期间，我将摆桌子。由句意知选C。
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Today，both male and female athletes from around the world can take part，no matter what nation they come from.如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加，无论他们来自哪个国家。
1“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，相当于“疑问词＋ever”，意为“不管，无论”。
2whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句；no matter whatwhich，who，whom只能引导让步状语从句。
(1)Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires.
不管我们的情况怎样，我们一般都有梦想、希望和欲望。(2015·福建)
(2)No matter how modern and comfortable a hotel building is，the most important feature is the people who work there.
不管一个饭店多么现代化，多么舒适，最重要的是工作人员的素质。
(3)No matter when misfortune occurs，Gill always looks on the bright side.
无论何时不幸降临，吉尔总是乐观。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
①Whatever happens，I will stand by you.(用“no matter＋疑问词”改写)
No matter what happens，I will stand by you.
②God helps the person who helps himself.(用宾语从句改写)
God helps whoever helps himself.
(2)Some college students are seen doing
work they can find to support themselves.
A.that
B.which
C.whatever
D.no matter what
答案 C
解析 句意为：看到一些大学生在做他们能找到的任何工作来谋生。whatever在此引导宾语从句。所以选C。
17
(1)Ten dollars will do until payday.
10美元能让我支撑到发薪日。
(2)Will tomorrow do for the meeting?
明天开会行吗？
(3)Anything to create a scene and attract attention will do.
任何能引起争吵、吸引注意力的事情都可以。
多维训练
翻译句子
(1)如果没有咖啡，水就行了。
If there is no coffee，water will do.
(2)我们需要一场胜利，平局根本不行。
We need a win—a draw won’t do at all.
(3)——你想吃什么？
——吃什么都行。
—What would you like to eat?
—Anything will do.
18
The Kangaroos were out of the tournament，while the Eagles continued on.袋鼠队被淘汰出了联赛，然而，鹰队继续进行比赛。
(1)表示“而，然而”，强调转折；
(2)表示“在……期间，当……的时候”，指一段时间，不能用来表时间点；
(3)表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though或although引导的让步状语从句，多放于句首。
(1)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。(2015·福建)
(2)Who will present his show while he’s away?
他不在时，将由谁主持他的节目？
(3)While I admit it is a difficult problem，I don’t mean no one can solve it.
尽管我承认这是很难的问题，我的意思并不是没人能解决它。
多维训练
(1)写出下列句中while的汉语意思
①While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.尽管
②The phone rang while I was cooking.当……的时候
③This shirt fits better while that one has a nicer designer.而，然而
④I have been living here for quite a while.一段时间
(2)Most Europeans refuse to accept GM food
Americans regard it as the fruit from high tech.
A.when
B.while
C.during
D.as
答案 B
解析 考查连词辨析。句意为：大部分欧洲人拒绝接受转基因食品，然而美国人把它当作是高科技的成果。when当……时；while然而；during在……期间；as作为，随着。根据语境可知上下句之间是对比关系，while作为连词强调两者之间的对比，故选B。
(3)There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery
another man，also intelligent，fails.(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ，32)
A.since
B.if
C.as
D.while
答案 D
解析 考查状语从句引导词的辨析。句意为：我们无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎同样聪慧的人却做不到。while意为“然而”，表示转折，与前一事物形成对比。
微写作
写作素材(关于体育运动)
1.作为一名世界冠军，他喜欢和他的队友分享快乐与悲伤。
2.与此同时，他喜欢上网去了解他的对手(rival)。
3.他认为这对他的未来发展很重要。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
As a world champion，he likes sharing his joys and sorrows with his teammates.Meanwhile，he likes surfing the Internet to know more about his rivals.He knows it is of great significance to his future development.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it
.
A.nowhere
B.however
C.otherwise
D.instead
答案 C
解析 考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无不；however然而；otherwise否则，要不然；instead反而。句意为：谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，要不然，我们就找不到它了。故C项正确。
2.One can always manage to do more things，no matter
full one’s schedule is in life.
A.how
B.what
C.when
D.where
答案 A
解析 考查状语从句。句意为：一个人总是可以设法做更多的事，不管他生活中的日程安排得多满。由空格后的形容词full知用副词how。
3.—I guess I must leave now.See you tomorrow.
—
！I have some important information for you.
A.Hang on
B.Never mind
C.All right
D.Take care
答案 A
解析 答句句意为：等一下，我有重要的事要告诉你。hang on稍等，不挂断，符合句意，所以选A。
4.
the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015·福建，31)
A.While
B.Unless
C.Since
D.Until
答案 A
解析 考查状语从句的连接词。句意为：尽管那些学生来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。此处用while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。
5.Mike has been preparing carefully for his Chinese examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first
.
A.purpose
B.attempt
C.desire
D.intention
答案 B
解析 句意为：麦克一直在认真准备中文考试以便保证第一次尝试就通过。attempt由句意知选B。
6.I wish I could
all my knowledge to these young people.
A.pass by
B.pass through
C.pass away
D.pass on
答案 D
解析 pass sth.on to sb.把……传递给某人，符合句意，所以选D。
7.If you miss this chance，it may be years
you get another one.(2015·重庆，4)
A.as
B.before
C.since
D.after
答案 B
解析 考查连词。句意为：如果你错过这次机会，可能得过好多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查“It will/may be＋一段时间＋before...”句式，表示“过多久才……”。
8.The task is very difficult.I wonder whether we will be able to finish it in the
of any other helpers.
A.appearance
B.effect
C.presence
D.absence
答案 D
解析 考查名词词义辨析。in the absence of 在……缺席或没有的情况下，符合句意，所以选D。
9.Do you think shopping online will
take the place of shopping in stores?
A.especially
B.frequently
C.merely
D.finally
答案 D
解析 句意为：你认为网上购物最终会代替商店购物吗？especially特别地，尤其；frequently经常地，时常地；merely仅仅，只是；finally最后，最终。由上下文的逻辑关系可以看出，finally符合语境。所以选D。
10.At the top of the mountain，
to see the blue sky，the kids made cheerful noises of all kinds.
A.delighted
B.delighting
C.having delighted
D.Delight
答案 A
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：在山顶，很高兴看到蓝天，这些孩子开心地发出各种声音。be delighted to do sth.高兴做某事，所以选A。
11.Hundreds and even thousands of Chinese college graduates compete with one another fiercely
one civil service position.
A.against
B.to
C.for
D.in
答案 C
解析 句意为：成百甚至上千的中国大学毕业生相互激烈竞争为了得到一个公务员职位。compete for...为……而竞争，所以选择C。
12.Put the cleaned fish in a mixture of 300 grams of salt and one liter of water to
all of the blood from the fish meat.
A.replace
B.remove
C.reduce
D.rebuild
答案 B
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：把洗净的鱼放入一升混有300克的盐的水里来清除鱼肉上的血。remove除去，符合句意，所以选择B。
13.A new branch of the company is going to be open.
，the decoration of its main store has been finished.
A.Instead
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Meanwhile
答案 D
解析 句意为：这家公司的一个新分公司马上要开张。同时，本部的装修工作也已经完成。meanwhile同时，符合句意，所以选择D。
14.Washington Square Park，
the first president，is one of the New York city’s most popular and oldest parks，dating back to 1827.
A.in terms of
B.in favor of
C.in praise of
D.in honor of
答案 D
解析 考查介词短语。in honor of为纪念，符合句意。in terms of 从……角度，就……而言；in favor of赞成；in praise of为赞扬。所以选D。
15.Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves” to tell us the
of being independent.
A.influence
B.significance
C.difference
D.appearance
答案 B
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：格林老师经常说“天助自助者”来教给我们独立的重要性。significance重要性，意义，符合句意。故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Disneyland®Half Marathon presented by Cigna®
Sunday，September 4,2016
Start time：5：30 AM
Start/Finish：Disneyland® Resort
Catch all the Disney fun on the most magical course on earth!
It’s the moment you’ve been training for.Your 13.1 mile run on a magical course in the Happiest Race on Earth takes you through Disney California Adventure Park along legendary Main Street，U.S.A.In Disneyland Park，and then on to the streets of Anaheim.You’ll complete your Disneyland Half Marathon race with an exciting finish near the Disneyland Hotel.It all adds up to miles of smiles，unforgettable memories，and a perfect ending to a magical Disneyland.
The Disneyland Half Marathon Highlights
Timed Half Marathon race
·13.1mile course through Disneyland Resort and the City of Anaheim，California
·Disney Characters and Entertainment oncourse
·Family Reunion Area with live entertainment and characters at the Finish Line
·Race within walking distance when you stay at a Disneyland Resort Hotel
·Event transportation included when you stay at select Anaheim Area Hotels
Disneyland Half Marathon Race Participants Receive
·Champion ShortSleeved Tech Shirt in Women’s or Men’s Cut*
·Half Marathon Finisher Medal*
·Official Digital Event Guide*
·iGiftBag
·Personalized bib (Must register before June 2,2015 for name to appear on bib)*
·Oncourse and postrace refreshments
·ChronoTrack Btag timed race with live runner tracking signup for friends and family
·Personalized results website and finisher certificate
To receive the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal，you must register for the Dumbo Double Dare.Registering for the 10K and Half Marathon individually will not make you eligible (合适的) to receive the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal.
To compete，you must be 14 years of age or older and able to complete the Half Marathon in three and a half (3.5) hours or less (16minute mile pace).
Dates，times，prices and inclusions subject to change.All races are subject to capacity limits and may close at any time before the percentage can be updated.Registrations are nonrefundable and nontransferable.Disney reserves the right to refuse the entry into，and/or revoke any registration for，any race for any reason in its sole discretion with refund of any applicable registration fees being the sole remedy of any such refusal and/or revocation.
*Participants must attend Packet Pickup at the run Disney Health & Fitness Expo to receive their race packet，bib，and tech shirt.Finisher medals will be distributed to finishers during the race.None of these items will be mailed to registrants.
16.You can read all the following EXCEPT
in the article.
A.the course description of Half Marathon
B.the distance of the Half Marathon
C.the entry fee of the Half Marathon
D.the time limits of the completion of the Half Marathon
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Catch all the Disney fun on the most magical course on earth！及第一段中的“Your 13.1 mile run on a magical course in the Happiest Race on Earth takes you through Disney California Adventure Park along legendary Main Street，U.S.A.”可知文中描述了这次马拉松比赛的路线和距离，故排除A、B两项；根据“Timed Half Marathon race”可排除D项。根据倒数第二段中“Registrations are nonrefundable and nontransferable.”可知文中只提到了注册费用不可退回或者转让。没有具体关于参加费用的其它描述。故选C。
17.We can infer from the advertisement that whoever runs the Half Marathon can get
.
A.the Dumbo Double Dare Finisher Medal
B.Half Marathon Finisher Medal
C.Personalized bib
D.iGiftbag
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据Disneyland Half Marathon Race Participants Receive下面第四项“iGiftBag”，可知参加者能获得一个礼品包。而A、B、C三项均不符合题意，故选D。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
The Bystander Effect
The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present，the less likely people are to help a person in distress.When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action (or inaction).
The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine “Kitty” Genovese.On Friday，March 13,1964,28yearold Genovese was returning home from work.As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.
Despite Genovese’s repeated calls for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident.The attack first began at 3：20 AM，but it was not until 3：50 AM that someone first contacted police.
While Genovese’s case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies，there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years.The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society，but why exactly does it happen? Why don’t we help when we are part of a crowd?
There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect.First，the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility.Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present.
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous.In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a “lover’s quarrel，” and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
Characteristics of the situation can play a role.During a crisis，things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear.Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening.During such chaotic moments，people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate.When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting，it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed.
So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction? Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle.When faced with a situation that requires action，understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help.However，this does not mean you should place yourself in danger.
But what if you are the person in need of assistance? How can you inspire people to lend a hand? One oftenrecommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd.Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help.By personalizing and individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down.
Title The Bystander Effect
Passage outline
Supporting details
Concept of the bystander effect •The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming 18.involved/engaged in an emergency situation.
•It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence 19.social behavior.
Typical example In 1964，a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was 20.endangered/threatened outside her apartment，while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police.
21.Explanations/Reasons for the bystander effect •Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of 22.responsibility in front of a large group of people.
•Before deciding to offer help，observers may want to make 23.sure/certain that it is appropriate to react.Besides，there is a natural 24.tendency for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear.
25.Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance of
the bystander effect •You should realize or know the 26.existence of the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it.
•When in need of help，you should 27.choose/select/pick one from the crowd，which will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped.