话题词汇
1.donation n.捐献
2.volunteer n.志愿者
3.participate v.参加
4.improve v.改善
5.launch v.发起
6.distribution n.分配；分发
7.in need需要
8.Project Hope希望工程
9.share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物
10.a contribution towards...对……的捐助
经典语篇
为了迎接六一儿童节的到来，你们学校号召学生为希望工程捐款。请你用英语给校刊写一篇文章，希望同学们能够伸出援助之手，奉献自己的爱心。
内容包括：
1.介绍目前中国农村儿童的现状。特别是偏远地区的儿童，没有钱读书，很多孩子辍学在家；
2.捐助希望工程的意义。
注意：1.词数150左右；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
In order to meet the arrival of International Children’s Day，our school called on the students to make some donations for the Project Hope.
佳作欣赏
In order to meet the arrival of International Children’s Day，our school called on the students to make some donations for the Project Hope.
Project Hope is a good way to promote the education in the rural areas，but it is far from being sufficient.By now，only a small portion of the children benefit from it.
As is known to all，China has the largest population in the world and most of them live in the countryside.①Since the economic conditions there are rather poor，many families，especially in the remote areas，cannot afford to send their children to school，and many children have to drop from school.②
The “Project Hope” is aimed at solving this problem so that every child of school age can receive regular education③.
It doesn’t matter how much you’re going to donate.④Let’s help them.
思维发散
1.将第①句改为it作形式主语的句子
It is known to all that China has the largest population in the world and most of them live in the countryside.
2.将第①句改为含有定语从句的复合句
As is known to all，China has the largest population in the world，most of whom live in the countryside.
3.将第②句改为含有定语从句的复合句
Many families，especially in the remote areas，cannot afford to send their children to school，many of whom have to drop from school.
4.仿照第③句用so that...完成句子
我通常是赶七点的地铁去上班，这样才能保证有座位坐。
As a rule I catch the seven o’clock subway to work so that I can be sure of getting a seat.
5.仿照第④句用It doesn’t matter...完成句子
只要你努力了，赢不赢没有关系。
So long as you try your best，it doesn’t matter whether you win or not.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.mercy (n.)宽恕；仁慈
2.attitude (n.)态度，看法
3.pace (n.)速度；步伐；节奏
4.manner (n.)方式；态度，举止
5.quarrel (n.& vi.)争吵，争执
6.gifted (adj.)有天赋的，有天才的
7.pretend (vi.& vt.)假装；装扮，扮作
8.overcome (vt.)克服，解决
9.forgive (vt.)原谅，宽恕
10.sincerely (adv.)真诚地
11.apologize (vi.)道歉
apology (n.)道歉
12.guilty (adj.)内疚的；有罪的
guilt (n.)内疚；罪责
13.blame (vt.)责备，指责；(n.)(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责
14.focus (vi.& vt.)集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦；(n.)焦点；重点
15.cruel (adj.)伤人的；残酷的，残忍的
cruelty (n.)残酷，残忍，残暴
16.respond (vi.)做出反应，回应
response (n.)响应，反应；回答，答复
17.eager (adj.)热切的，急不可待的
eagerly (adv.)渴望地，热切地
18.hopeless (adj.)没有好转希望的，无望的；糟透的
hopeful (adj.)(反义词)有希望的
hope (n.)希望
19.disagreement (n.)分歧，争论，意见不一
agreement (n.)(反义词)同意，一致；协议
disagree (vi.)不同意
20.cautious (adj.)小心的，谨慎的
cautiously (adv.)小心地，谨慎地
caution (n.)小心，谨慎；(v.)警告，提醒
21.amusement (n.)娱乐，消遣
amuse (v.)给……提供娱乐
amused (adj.)被逗乐的
amusing (adj.)有趣的；逗笑的
B.阅读单词
22.betray (vt.)出卖，背叛
23.envy (vt.& n.)羡慕，忌妒
24.remark (n.& vi.)评论，谈论
25.superb (adj.)极佳的；卓越的
26.absurd (adj.)荒唐的，怪诞的
27.regardless (adv.)不顾；不管怎样
28.athletic (adj.)擅长运动的；健壮的
29.sensitive (adj.)易生气的；敏感的；体贴的
30.awkward (adj.)令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的
31.horrible (adj.)极坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的
32.swear (swore，sworn) (vt.& vi.)发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话
33.identity (n.) 身份
identify (vt.)确认；认出；鉴定
34.adolescent (adj.)青春期的；(n.)青少年
adolescence (n.)青春；青春期
35.acquaintance (n.)泛泛之交，熟人；略有交情，(与某人)认识
acquaint (vt.)使熟悉，使了解
36.committed (adj.)尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
commit (vt.& vi.)全心全意投入；犯罪，犯错；承诺，保证
commitment (n.)承诺，保证；投入，奉献；委托；承担义务
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.spy on暗中监视，窥探
2.keep pace with (与……)步调一致，(与……)同步
3.before long不久，很快
4.get through(用电话)接通
5.be based on以……为基础，以……为根据
6. regardless of不管，不顾
7.end up最后成为；最终处于
8.rely on依靠，依赖
9.thanks to幸亏；由于
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other.
我们从小学起就是好朋友，几乎每天都形影不离。
2.I was so upset that I felt like crying.
我当时太难过了，甚至都想哭出来了。
3.Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，Peter，and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.
昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。
4.If so，the problem lies with you，not her.
如果是这样的话，问题在于你而不在于她。
5.However，if I had ended our friendship，we would have both learnt nothing.
然而，如果我结束了我们的友谊，我们俩就什么也学不到了。
1
[应试指导] 后跟不定式的各种形式的考查
pretend to do/to be doing/to have done sth.假装要/正在/已经做某事
pretend to be＋adj./n.假装是……
pretend that...假装……
(1)They pretended to be studying when their mother came in.
当妈妈进来时，他们假装在学习。
(2)He pretended to be friendly to us.
他假装对我们友好。
(3)I pretend that things are really okay when they’re not.
当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。
多维训练
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I really dislike my job but I have to pretend to enjoy(enjoy) it.
②He pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.
③She opened a book，pretending(pretend) to read，with tears dropping on the open page.
(2)将下列复合句改为简单句
①She pretended that she was reading a book.
She pretended to be reading a book.
②He pretended that he had known the news.
He pretended to have known the news.
2
[应试指导] (1)后跟非谓语动词的用法 (2)写作高频词汇
1admit doing sth.承认做某事
admit＋n.＋to be承认……是……
admit sb./sth.into/to允许某人/物进入……
be admitted as...作为……被接受
be admitted to被录取；成为……的一员
2admission n.准许进入；入场券，入场费；承认
(1)If you’re the person who is in the wrong，just admit it!
如果你是犯错方，就承认吧！
(2)You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。
(3)The latest news shows that her 17yearold daughter was admitted into Harvard and Yale University.
最新消息表明她17岁的女儿已被哈佛大学和耶鲁大学录取。
多维训练
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①He admitted cheating/having cheated (cheat) in the exam.
②We all admit him to be(be) foolish.
③His admission(admit) of guilt surprised everyone.
(2)同义句改写
He had to admit that he had done wrong.(改为简单句)
He had to admit having done wrong.
(3)The young man admitted，after several hours’ questioning，
a wallet from the passenger on the bus.
A.stealing
B.to have stolen
C.being stolen
D.to steal
答案 A
解析 admit doing sth.承认做过某事。所以选择A。
3
[应试指导] 后接不定式及复合宾语的用法
1beg for乞求得到；请求得到
beg sb.to do...恳求某人做……
2beggar n.乞丐
(1)I beg your pardon./Beg your pardon./Pardon.
请再说一遍。/对不起。
(2)I was surrounded by people begging for food.
我被一群讨饭的围住了。
(3)I begged him to come back to England with me.
我恳求他和我一起回英格兰。
多维训练
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)There are thousands like him in Los Angeles，begging(beg) on the streets and sleeping rough.
(2)The child begged not to be left(leave) home when his parents went to Shanghai on business.
(3)The beggar(beg) was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.
4
[多词一义] forgive，excuse，pardon
forgive sb.sth.原谅某人某事
forgive sb.for doing...原谅某人做了……
forgive and forget不念旧恶
(1)I forgave him his crimes.
我宽恕了他的罪行。
(2)She’d find a way to forgive him for the theft of the money.
她会让自己原谅他偷钱的行为的。
(3)It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
不念旧恶也是一种美德，尤其在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会中。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
Forgive my interrupting you.(用forgive sb.for doing...改写)
Forgive me for interrupting you.
(2)翻译句子
她会原谅他的任何事。
She’d forgive him anything.
(3)He begged his mother to
him for swimming in the river without telling her.
A.forget
B.forgive
C.pretend
D.Admit
答案 B
解析 句意为：他请求他的妈妈原谅他不打招呼就在河里游泳。forgive原谅，宽恕，符合句意，所以选择B。
5
[多词一义] argue sb.into doing...，persuade sb.into doing...，reason sb.into doing...，talk sb.into doing...
1argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth.支持/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
2argument n.争论；论据
beyond argument无需争论
(1)The committee is concerned about players’ behaviour，especially arguing with referees.
委员会很关注运动员的行为，特别是与裁判争吵的行为。
(2)He argued for a different policy.
他主张一种不同的政策。
(3)Despite the thumbsup given to the old lady，some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.
尽管有人给这个老太太点赞，有人争辩说应该更多关注我们繁忙的道路交通。(2015·江苏)
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Tom’s home is far from his company.So Mary argued Tom into buying a new car.
②It is beyond argument that Diaoyu Island belongs to China.
③He was arguing with his brother about/over how they should spend the money.
(2)The students
about the question whether the Senior 3 students should have their PE class or not.
A.argued
B.fought
C.told
D.inspired
答案 A
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：学生们就高三是否该上体育课进行了争论。argue争论，由句意知选A。
6
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换be sorry for
1apologize to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉
2apology n.道歉
make an apology to sb.for...因……向某人道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology向某人道歉
(1)Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbour and apologize for their playing.
那天上午的晚些时候，Dario建议他们给他们的邻居写信来就此事道歉。(2015·北京)
(2)I must make an apology to him for not going to his party.
没有参加他的聚会，我得向他道歉。
(3)I owe you an apology for my rudeness.
我为我的粗鲁向你道歉。
[特别提醒]
apology在现代英语中主要用作可数名词，但有时用复数形式并不表示多次道歉。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
①I made an apology to her for stepping on her foot. (用apology改写)
②I said sorry to her for stepping on her foot.(用sorry改写)
(2)He was required to apologize
the people present at the meeting
what he had done.
A.for；by
B.with；about
C.to；for
D.at；with
答案 C
解析 apologize to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉，所以选择C。
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[应试指导] 介词搭配
1have a quarrel with sb.about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵
2quarrel with sb.about/over sth.因某事和某人争吵
(1)It could have happened during a quarrel between them over it.
这件事可能是在他们为此争吵的过程中发生的。
(2)The couple often quarrel with each other over nothing at all.
这对夫妇经常无缘无故地争吵。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词或所给词的适当形式填空
①I would rather be laughed at than quarrel(quarrel) with him.
②They had a quarrel with her parents over/about whether to apologize to her brother.
(2)Yesterday we had a friendly
about the relationship between the two cities.
A.quarrel
B.discussion
C.fight
D.argument
答案 A
解析 句意为：昨天我们就两个城市之间的关系进行了一场友好的辩论。quarrel争论，辩论，符合句意。
8
[应试指导] be to blame主动表被动的用法
1blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame for sth.应承担责任；该受责备主动形式表被动意义
2accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
(1)You shouldn’t blame him for breaking the window.
你不应该责备他打破了窗户。
(2)Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.
人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。
(3)I’ll take the blame for not reminding everyone.
我承认没有提醒大家是我的错。
[词义辨析] blame，accuse，charge
(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。
(2)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
(3)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
多维训练
(1)用accuse，charge，blame的适当形式填空
①It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.
②She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.
③I was told that he was accused of murder.
(2)一句多译
他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame...on)
②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame...for)
③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n.)
9
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换careful
[多词一义] be cautious，take care，be careful，look out，watch out
1be cautious of/about在……方面谨慎
be cautious to do小心做……
2caution n.& v.小心；谨慎；警告
with caution小心地
caution sb.to do.../against doing...警告某人做/不做……
caution sb.for/about sth.因某事而劝告某人
(1)The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.
学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。
(2)We were cautioned against using that bridge.
我们被警告不要从那座桥上过。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
①Those numbers need to be treated cautiously.
Those numbers need to be treated with caution.
②He handles the current work with great care.(用cautious改写)
He is cautious about the current work.
(2)I’m very
about expressing my opinions in public in case I may make mistakes.
A.cautious
B.confused
C.delighted
D.enthusiastic
答案 A
解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我很注意在公共场所表达自己的想法以防犯错误。be cautious about...对……谨慎，所以选择A。
10
be eager to do...渴望做……
be eager for...急于得到……
only too eager to do...过于迫切地想做……
(1)In your post，you say you can teach English as a reward.It is just what I want.I am eager to improve my English.
在你的帖子中，你说作为回报，你可以教英语，这正是我所想要的。我急于提高英语。(2015·四川)
(2)She is so eager for success.
她太渴望成功了。
(3)He is only too eager to spend more time with his family.
他只是太想多花些时间和家人在一起了。
[特别提醒]
(1)表达“急切(盼望)(做)……”的短语还有：be anxious for/to do...，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do...，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do...等。
(2)too eager to do...急于做某事……，而非“太着急而不能做……”。
[词义辨析] eager，anxious
二者都含有“渴望的，急于”之意。区别在于：
(1)eager着重指对成功的期望或对进取的热情。
(2)anxious着重指焦急、担心、着急。
多维训练
(1)用eager，anxious填空
①He is still absent，so I am quite anxious about his health.
②I am eager to find a good English teacher for my daughter as I am anxious about her poor English.
(2)信不信由你，他/她是站在你那边，并且渴望看到你能做好。
Believe it or not，he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.(2015·浙江)
(3)同义句改写
He was eager to see the film so he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Eager to see the film，he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.
11
[应试指导] at the mercy of在作文中的应用
show/give mercy to对……仁慈
have/take mercy on对……仁慈
at the mercy of任凭……摆布
without mercy无怜悯之心
It’s a mercy...……真是幸运
(1)Neither side took prisoners or showed any mercy.
双方都没有抓俘虏，也没有表现出丝毫的心慈手软。
(2)May God have mercy on your soul.
愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。
(3)It’s a mercy she wasn’t seriously hurt.
幸运的是她伤势不重。
多维训练
翻译句子
(1)这些人对穷人不怜悯。
These persons don’t show mercy to the poor.
(2)我们受制于天气。
We were at the mercy of the weather.
(3)他受到无情地对待。
He was treated without mercy.
12
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇代替soon
1before longsoon或a little later意为“不久”，常与将来时、过去时连用，在句中作状语，不可以直接加从句。
2long beforelong long ago意为“很久以前”，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before后面可以接名词、代词或句子。
3It is/was not long before...不久就……
4It will be long before...要过多久才……
5It won’t be long before...过不了多久就……
(1)I apologized to him and before long，we became good friends.
我向他道了歉，不久之后，我们又成了好朋友。
(2)The story took place in a small village long before.
这个故事发生在很久以前的一个小村庄。
(3)It won’t be long before I go to the university that I dream.
不用多久我就可以上我梦想的大学了。
多维训练
(1)He had studied a lot of English long before he went to England(在他去英国前).
(2)It wasn’t long before(不久就) he learned to use the computer.
(3)It looks as if it will rain before long(不久).
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[应试指导] through词组辨析
go through经历，经受；仔细查看；法律等通过；用完；浏览
look through浏览；往……里面看
break through冲破；突破
see through看穿；识破
pull through康复；渡过难关
(1)She was able to get through to me by email.
她通过电子邮件能和我联系上。
(2)I always start the day by going through my mail.
我每天总是先看邮件。
(3)It’s easy for me to see through his trick.
我很容易看穿他的鬼把戏。
多维训练
(1)用through短语的适当形式填空
①They will never forget the experience they went through last year.
②Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.
③We finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.
(2)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I can’t seem to
.
A.get through
B.get off
C.get in
D.get along
答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一整晚上我都试图给查尔斯打电话，但是网络肯定出了故障，我似乎不能打通电话。get through打通电话，符合句意。get off(从……)下来，出发；get in抵达，收获；get along进展，相处。
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end up最终处于，以……告终in sth.；最终成为……as sth.；最终做……doing；以……结尾with sth.
[多词一义] end up with，end up in，finish，accomplish，complete
bring/put...to an end使……终止
make ends meet使收支相抵
come to an end结束
(1)After a luxurious life，he ended up in poverty.
他过了一段奢侈的生活后，最终变的穷困潦倒。
(2)The restaurants were all full and we ended up eating hamburgers at home.
所有餐馆都已客满，我们最终只能在家啃汉堡。
(3)With prices rising all the time，he could barely make ends meet.
物价一直在涨，他几乎无法使收支平衡。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①We were planning to go out，but ended up watching a football game at home (在家看足球赛).
②The young couple seemed very happy，but they ended up getting divorced/in divorce (离婚).
③How time flies！The term has come to an end(结束).
(2)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just
sweet dreams.
A.keep up with
B.put up with
C.end up with
D.catch up with
答案 C
解析 句意为：睡觉前闻一下这些花，你也许最终就会睡好。由句意知选C。
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[应试指导] 后接it作形式宾语再接that从句的考查
rely on...to do/doing...依赖……做……
rely on sb.for sth.依赖/指望某人某事
rely on it that...指望……；相信……
(1)I know I can rely on you to sort it out.
我相信你会把它解决好的。
(2)They relied heavily on the advice of their professional advisers.
他们非常依赖职业咨询师提供的建议。
(3)You may rely on it that he will come to your wedding as promised.
你可以相信他会按照承诺来参加你的婚礼。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①他是可以依赖的人。
He is a man to be relied on.
②这儿的村民用水全靠井。
The villagers here rely on wells for their water.
(2)同义句改写
You may rely on his coming on time.
①You may rely on him to come on time.(用不定式改写)
②You may rely on it that he will come on time.(改为含有it作形式宾语的复合句)
(3)Whatever he promises，you can’t
anything.
A.rely his doing
B.rely on him to do
C.depend his doing
D.advise him to do
答案 B
解析 句意为：无论他承诺什么，你不能依靠他做任何事。rely on sb.doing/to do sth.依赖某人做某事。所以选择B。
16
多维训练
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①The key question is in focus，why not reach a decision?
②Don’t go too fast or you’ll get out of focus.
③Bring the subject into focus if you want to have a good picture.
(2)一句多译
他集中精力学习。
①He focused his attention on his study. (focus)
②He fixed his attention on his study. (fix)
③He was absorbed in his study. (absorb)
④He applied himself to his study. (apply)
⑤He concentrated his attention on his study. (concentrate)
(3)He sat there with his attention
the wonderful view of the city.
A.focusing on
B.focusing in
C.focused on
D.focused in
答案 C
解析 考查focus的用法。his attention与focus是被动关系，所以选择C。
17
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①It’s better to walk at a slow pace.
②To realize China Dream，we should keep pace with the times.
(2)你定步调，我跟上。
You set/make the pace and I’ll follow you.
(3)In a time of social reform，people’s state of mind tends to keep
with the rapid changes of society.
A.step
B.pace
C.progress
D.touch
答案 B
解析 句意为：在社会改革的时代，人们的心态趋于与社会的飞速发展保持一致。keep pace with与……同步，符合句意，故选B。
18
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①They both govern in the manner of(以……方式) university professors.
②Two days passed in this manner(这样) before he was able to speak.
③It’s bad manners(是不礼貌的) to whisper in company.
(2)Even if you are in
rush，pushing someone so that you can get into an elevator is just
bad manners.
A.a；/
B.the；the
C.a；the
D.the；/
答案 A
解析 考查冠词。句意为：即使你很匆忙，为了挤进电梯推别人就是不礼貌。in a rush匆忙中；bad manners不礼貌的，所以选择A。
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[图解助记]
多维训练
(1)她对外表很在乎。
She is very sensitive about her appearance.
(2)你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗？
Are you sensible of the dangers of your position?
(3)一些植物对温度如此敏感以至于它们只能生存在阴凉的地方，这在自然界是常有的事。
As is often the case in nature，some plants are so sensitive to temperature that they can only survive in cool places.
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Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，Peter，and I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.
昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。
can’t help doing...情不自禁做……，忍不住做……
can’t help/choose but do...不得不做……
can’t help to do...不能帮忙做……
help oneself to...自用/自取所需食物等
help out帮助解决难题
(1)Hearing the news，they can’t help jumping for joy.
他们听到这消息时禁不住欢跳起来。
(2)I was so busy with my homework that I could not help to share the housework.
我的功课如此多以至于我无法帮助分摊家务。
(3)All these presents came to more money than I had，and my mother had to help me out.
我的钱不够买所有这些礼物，我母亲只好借给了我一些钱。
多维训练
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)You can’t help but start (start) moving when you hear this song.
(2)I can’t help (to) clean (clean) the room，because I have to do my homework.
(3)I think everybody can’t help laughing (laugh) if they see it.
(4)Help yourself(you) to whatever you like.
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if so如果是这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if any如果有的话
if possible如果可能的话
if necessary如果必要的话
if ever如果曾经发生过的话
(1)I hear he has apologized to you.If so，please forgive him.
我听说他已经向你道歉了。如果是这样的话，请原谅他。
(2)Focus your attention on your study.If not，you will be left behind.
集中注意力学习。否则的话，你会落后的。
(3)If possible，call to find out about the company dress code before the interview.
如有可能，面试之前打电话弄清公司的衣着规范。
多维训练
(1)将下列句子改为省略形式
①If it is possible，you should try it once more.
If possible，you should try it once more.
②Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if there are any.
Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if any.
(2)The climate here is quite pleasant；the temperature rarely，
，reaches 30℃ in summer.(2017·福建，28)
A.if not
B.if ever
C.if any
D.if so
答案 B
解析 考查省略形式。if not如果不是这样的话；if ever如果曾经发生过的话(常与seldom或rarely连用)；if any如果有的话(常与little或few连用)；if so如果这样的话。句意为：这里的气候相当宜人，如果曾经有的话，夏天也很少达到30℃。
微写作
写作素材(关于冲突)
1.日常生活中冲突很常见。
2.为了避免争执，我们应该在有不同意见时多交流而不是互相责备。
3.而且，我们应该学会真诚地道歉和原谅，这对于和谐生活很重要。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Conflicts with others are common in everyday life.To avoid quarrels, we should communicate more instead of blaming each other when there is disagreement.In addition, we should learn to apologize and forgive sincerely，which is essential to a harmonious life.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Drivers are not the only ones
for the irresponsibility that accounts for many of the automobile accidents；street walkers regularly break traffic regulations.
A.blaming
B.to have been blamed
C.to blame
D.being blamed
答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为不负责任而导致的许多车祸中，该受指责的不只是司机，街头的行人经常违反交通规则。sb./sth.is to blame (for sth.)某人/某事物(对某事)负有责任。所以选C。
2.The governments are very
about setting a new policy and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.
A.particular
B.concerned
C.cautious
D.certain
答案 C
解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：政府对制定一项新政策非常谨慎，直到他们非常确信新政策是正确的才会做决定。be cautious about对……谨慎，符合句意。be particular about对……挑剔；be concerned about对……关心；be certain about对……有把握，确信。所以选C。
3.The graduates
into the company usually receive strict training before they start to work.
A.accepted
B.accepting
C.admitted
D.admitting
答案 C
解析 admit sb.to/into...接受某人(成为其一员)，其被动式为sb.be admitted to/into...。本题中此结构用作定语，相当于定语从句who are admitted into the company。所以选C。
4.Gun control is a subject
Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which
B.with which
C.about which
D.into which
答案 C
解析 argue about sth.争论某事；argue with sb.与某人争论。句意为：枪支的控制是长期以来美国人争论的话题。所以选C。
5.—Have you made an apology
him
breaking his MP5?
—Yes.I did yesterday.
A.for；to
B.to；to
C.for；to
D.to；for
答案 D
解析 make an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.因某事向某人道歉，是固定短语。所以选D。
6.—Many students don’t know how to
stress and become worried.
—I think they’d better ask their teachers for help.
A.argue with
B.deal with
C.quarrel with
D.come up with
答案 B
解析 句意为：——许多学生不知道如何应付压力从而显得很担忧。——我认为他们应该向老师求助。deal with处理，应付，符合句意。argue with 争论，和……争吵；quarrel with与……吵架；come up with提出，想出。
7.The elderly need special care in winter，as they are
to the sudden changes of weather.
A.sensitive
B.sensible
C.flexible
D.positive
答案 A
解析 句意为：冬季老人需要特别的关爱，因为他们对天气的突变很敏感。be sensitive to对……敏感。由句意可知正确答案为A项。
8.We insisted that the meaningless argument
.
A.should bring to an end
B.was brought to an end
C.might come to an end
D.come to an end
答案 D
解析 句意为：我们坚决要求停止无意义的争论。insist表示“坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。bring to an end使……终止，为及物动词短语，与从句主语为动宾关系，因此应使用被动形式；come to an end结束，为不及物动词短语。所以选D。
9.You can rely on
she will come to your help.She is honest and kindhearted.
A.it that
B.it
C.that
D.that it
答案 A
解析 考查固定短语：rely on it that...指望……。所以选A。
10.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.
，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A.Otherwise
B.If not
C.But for that
D.If so
答案 D
解析 句意为：听起来好像汽车的引擎出了问题。如果是这样的话，我们得马上把车送到修理厂。otherwise否则，不然；if not如果不是这样的话；but for that要不是那样；if so如果是这样的话。所以选D。
11.The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to
the winter?
A.get on
B.get across
C.get over
D.get through
答案 D
解析 第二句句意为：他们将如何度过这个冬天？get through可作“度过(时间)”讲。所以选D。
12.While shopping，people sometimes can’t help
into buying something they don’t really need.
A.to persuade
B.persuading
C.being persuaded
D.be persuaded
答案 C
解析 can’t help doing...情不自禁地做……；persuade和主语之间为动宾关系，故用being persuaded形式。所以选C。
13.I don’t really work here；I
until the new secretary arrives.
A.just help out
B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out
D.will just help out
答案 C
解析 句意为：我不是真的在这儿工作，我是在这儿帮忙一直到新秘书来。表示现阶段一直进行的动作用现在进行时。所以选C。
14.Public attention at the moment is focused
the problem of environment balance.
A.into
B.towards
C.about
D.on
答案 D
解析 考查固定短语focus...on把……集中于……。
15.Group activities will be organized after class
children develop team spirit.(2017·重庆，11)
A.helping
B.having helped
C.helped
D.to help
答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：将在课下组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。培养团队精神是组织课外团体活动的目的。英语中表示“目的”时应当使用动词不定式。故本题选D项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many parents of preschoolers struggle with their children’s fears of real and imaginary creatures.A new study offers some ideas on how they can better
16
their children’s worries.
Researchers studied about fifty 4，5，and 7yearsolds in an effort to
17
coping strategies that can be carried out by children.The children listened to a series of short illustrated(有插图的) stories.Each story
18
a child alone or with another person who came into
19
with something that looked like a real or an imaginary
20
creature，such as a snake or a ghost.Children were asked to
21
how intensely afraid each of the children in the stories was，to give a reason why each child felt that way，and to
22
a way to help the child in the story feel less afraid.
In situations in which a child’s fear was
23
by real creatures，the researchers found，children would rather do something than think
24
thoughts.In these situations，boys more often suggested
25
，while girls more often wanted to avoid the
26
.
They also found that between ages 4 and 7，children
27
more understanding that people’s thoughts and beliefs can both cause and reduce the
28
.While preschoolers are
29
to suggest pretending the imaginary
creature was
30
，older children tended to suggest reminding themselves what the reality was.
31
，the researchers say，preschoolers may
32
from seeing things in a more positive light(“Let’s pretend the dragon is nice”)，while older children may do better when they
33
what’s real and what’s not (“Dragons aren’t real”).
“These results should help parents by
34
them to keep in mind their children’s ageappropriate abilities when helping them deal with fears，
35
fears of imaginary creatures，” according to the researchers.
16.A.distinguish
B.manage
C.transfer
D.understand
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，此处指父母如何才能更好地控制住孩子们的担忧。manage能对付，控制住，符合语境。文章最后一段中的“deal with”亦是提示。
17.A.allocate
B.adopt
C.identify
D.classify
答案 C
解析 根据上下语境可知，研究是为了找到应对策略。identify找到，发现，符合语境。
18.A.spotted
B.explained
C.recommended
D.featured
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，此处描述的是故事的内容，故feature“以……为特色，是……的主要内容”符合语境。
19.A.contact
B.conflict
C.effect
D.force
答案 A
解析 come into contact with遇见，碰上……，是固定用法。
20.A.magical
B.terrifying
C.adorable
D.fierce
答案 B
解析 由下文中的“how intensely afraid”和“to help the child in the story feel less afraid”可知，应选terrifying “令人恐惧的”。
21.A.indicate
B.measure
C.predict
D.prove
答案 C
解析 孩子们要预测(predict)故事中的每个孩子是多么害怕。
22.A.change
B.offer
C.recognize
D.master
答案 B
解析 此处指提出(offer)一个方法来帮助故事中的孩子减少恐惧。
23.A.relieved
B.increased
C.caused
D.reduced
答案 C
解析 在孩子们的恐惧由真实的生物引起的情况下，研究者发现他们宁愿采取一些措施而不愿持有积极的想法。cause引起，导致，符合语境。
24.A.creative
B.positive
C.practical
D.useful
答案 B
解析 参见上题解析。positive积极的，正面的。下文中的“in a more positive light”亦是提示。
25.A.hiding
B.fighting
C.running
D.compromising
答案 B
解析 根据“while”可知空处与下文的“avoid”形成对比，故fighting符合语境，指男孩们经常建议攻击，而女孩们则经常想要避开这种生物(creature)。
26.A.situation
B.choice
C.creature
D.risk
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。
27.A.show
B.teach
C.gain
D.experience
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，此处指表现出更多的理解。show表现出，符合语境。
28.A.danger
B.scare
C.pain
D.harm
答案 B
解析 根据上下文可知，此处指人们的想法和信念都会引起和减轻恐惧。scare恐惧，符合语境。上下文中出现的“fears”亦是提示。
29.A.eager
B.confident
C.likely
D.willing
答案 C
解析 be likely to do sth.有可能做某事，此处指学龄前儿童有可能会把虚构的生物想象得很友善(friendly)。
30.A.common
B.powerful
C.clumsy
D.friendly
答案 D
解析 参见上题解析。
31.A.However
B.Therefore
C.Instead
D.Otherwise
答案 B
解析 上下文之间在逻辑上是因果关系，所以用therefore。
32.A.suffer
B.recover
C.escape
D.benefit
答案 D
解析 此处指学龄前儿童会从他们以更积极的视角看待事物的过程中受益。benefit from受益于……，从……中受益。
33.A.focus on
B.count on
C.agree on
D.take on
答案 A
解析 根据语境可知，此处指当他们关注(focus on)什么是真实的和什么是不真实的时，他们可能会做得更好。
34.A.warning
B.reminding
C.requesting
D.allowing
答案 B
解析 此处指提醒父母记住孩子们的适龄能力。remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事。
35.A.possibly
B.generally
C.certainly
D.particularly
答案 D
解析 此处指当帮助孩子应对恐惧时，尤其是对虚构的生物的恐惧时。particularly尤其，特别。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(REUTERS/Jason Lee) Zhou Xiaochuan，governor of China’s central bank，a highlevel Chinese official on Sunday made the government’s first admission that the country’s economic slowdown was not going as planned.He told a meeting of regional leaders that his country’s growth rate had tumbled “a bit too much.”
“China’s inflation is also declining，so we need to be very careful to see if the disinflation trend will continue，and if deflation will happen or not，” said Zhou，His remarks were made at the Boao Forum for Asia，an annual conference on the island of Hainan in southern China.Zhou added that China could “have room to act” by taking “quantitative measures” and setting interest rates.
For many，the way he described China’s health was no surprise.The country’s economy has not been growing this slowly since the 1990s.Companies in debt are seeing sickly profit margins.Banks are carrying loads of debt，too，and the housing market is slowing.China’s official 2015 GDP growth target is 7%，but that seems shaky.
Acknowledging that significant intervention has to be on the table is a big deal for China.Everyone has known for years that this slowdown was coming because the government is purposely transitioning its economy from one based on foreign investment to one based on domestic consumption.It is a brutal process，but the government knows it is the only way the country will become the selfsustaining superpower it wants to be.
(Barlcays)Until now，while the Chinese government had acknowledged the slowdown was rough，it had assured the world that the situation was under control.Just a few weeks ago，Chinese officials were saying they would be monitoring deflation but still were not that keen on intervening with policy measures.
Now it seems they are warming to the idea.In January，China’s headline consumer price inflation hit 0.8%，then it bounced back up to 1.4% in February.March probably isn’t looking that great either from the People’s Bank of China’s point.
“Widening PPI deflation and soft CPI inflation，especially after adjusting for seasonal effects，point to persistent deflation risks，” Barclays wrote after February’s number came out.“In our view，the monetary policy needs to be more ‘proactive’ in order to deal with the cyclical challenges in the near term.”
36.Which of the following illustrates “growth rate had tumbled” in Paragraph 1?
A.setting interest rates
B.economic transition
C.bounce of CPI
D.FIGURE 1
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。联系下文“China’s inflation is also declining”中国的通货膨胀也在下降。可知这个短语指的是中国的增长率已经下降了。图1正好说明了这个下降趋势。故选D。
37.We can infer from the passage that one of the solutions to the slowdown could be
if needed.
A.monitoring deflation
B.expanding foreign investment
C.making new policy measures
D.reducing domestic consumption
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Zhou added that China could ‘have room to act’ by taking ‘quantitative measures’ and setting interest rates.”周小川补充说，通过量化方式和设定利率，中国还有行动的空间。可知应对经济放缓的一个方式是制定新的政策措施。故选C。
38.Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A.Zhou’s admission is a big deal and a little bit irresponsible.
B.The Chinese government has admitted that things aren’t going so well.
C.China should be more active in its struggle against inflation.
D.China’s economy has been growing fast since the 1990s.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。阅读短文可知这篇短文主要介绍了中国经济放缓的事实，并谈到了中国为应对经济放缓可能采取的一些措施。故选项B“中国政府承认中国的一些情况不太好。”符合本文主题。