四川省广安市2016高考英语阅读理解及书面表达选练（3）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The government of Norway is planning to build an unusual storage center on an island in the Arctic Ocean. The place would be large enough to hold about two million seeds. The goal is to represent all crops known to scientists. The British magazine New Scientist published details of the plan last month. The structure will be designed to protect the world’s food supply against nuclear war, climate change and other possible threats. It will be built in a mountain on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is less than one thousand kilometers from the North Pole, the
northernmost position on Earth.
An international group called the Global Crop Diversity Trust is working on the project. The director of the group, Cary Fowler, spoke to New Scientist. He said the project would let the world rebuild agriculture if in his words “the worst came to the worst”. Norway is expected to start work next year. The project is expected to cost three million dollars. Workers will drill deep in the side of a sandstone mountain. Temperatures in the area never rise above zero degrees Celsius. The seeds will be protected behind concrete walls a meter thick and high-security doors.
The magazine report says the collection will represent the products of ten thousand years of farming. Most of the seeds at first will come from collections at seed banks in Africa, Asia and Latin America. To last a long time, seeds need to be kept in very low temperatures. Workers will not be present all the time. But they plan to replace the air inside the storage space each winter. Winter temperatures on the island are about eighteen degrees below zero Celsius. The cold weather would protect the seeds even if the air could not be replaced.
Mr. Fowler says the proposed structure will be the world’s most secure gene bank. He says the plant seeds would only be used when all other seeds are gone for some reason.Norway first proposed the idea in the 1980s. But security concerns delayed the plan. At that time, the Soviet Union was permitted use of Spitsbergen. New Scientist says the plan won United Nations approval in October at a meeting in Rome of the Food and Agriculture Organization.
1. The project is meant to_____.
A. increase the world’s food production in the future
B. carry out some scientific experiments on plant genes
C. protect crop seeds from dying out in case of possible disasters
D. build an exhibition centre of the world’s plant seeds
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the above passage?
A. The government of Norway will perform the project alone.
B. Seeds to be collected there were produced ten thousand years ago.
C. Spitsbergen is chosen because it is away from the threat of unclear war forever.
D. Temperature is a major consideration when choosing the storage place.
3. We can infer from the text that_____.
A. People will get newly-developed seeds from the center every year
B. The storage center will greatly promote the development of world agriculture
C. Norway meant to have built the storage centre more than 20 years ago
D. There haven’t been any seed storage centers in the world before
4. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Noah’s Ark of Plant Seeds in Plan
B. The Best Place to Store Seeds
C. Concerns of World Food Supply
D. A New Way to Feed the World
【参考答案】1—4、CDCA
阅读理解。
Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred H．Harrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.
Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? —Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.
动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。
5．What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and humans' singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other. B．The sense of accomplishment.
C．The act of hunting for something.D．The sense of belonging to a group.
答案：D。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同点与选项D的说法是一致的。
6．Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling.
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.
答案：C。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that...be punished for joining...”都可以表明选项C的说法是符合原文之意的。
7．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to________.
A．show their ranks B．find their companions
C．report the missing onesD．express their loneliness
答案：B。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项B的说法是最符合原文的。
8．“Howling...is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means________.
A．howling is a signal for hunting B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morningD．howling spreads from one to another
答案：D。句意理解题。从最后一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项D所说的那样。
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. The two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a fulltime worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job's wages，its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
本文讲述了“job sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。
9．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
A. Work sharing requires more working hours.
B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D. Work sharing depends on the employer's decision.
答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs...”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。
10．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because ________.
A. they sought higher social status
B. they were over ideal working ages
C. they had difficulty finding fulltime jobs
D. they had to take care of both work and family
答案：A。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选A。
11．In job sharing the partners should ________.
A. enjoy equal social status
B. have similar work experience
C. keep in touch with each other
D. know each other very well
答案：D。事实细节题。由尾段后半段的内容可知D项正确。
12．The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A. describe job sharing in general B. discuss how to provide more jobs
C. recommend job sharing to women D. compare job sharing with work sharing
答案：A。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选A。
【陕西省西安市长安一中2017第二次模拟】书面表达（满分30分）
假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫的学生，你看到如下内容。请你根据内容、写作要点和要求。
写作要点：
1. 表明自己的看法；
2. 陈述自己的理由（可举例说明）；
3. 提出至少两条建议要求：
1. 短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。 2. 短文词数不少于100（不含已写好的部分）。
3. 内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。 4. 书写需清晰、工整。书面表达（满分30分）This is really a tough nut to crack. In my opinion, you should not be afraid of a parents’ meeting; instead, you’d better take a proper attitude to it.
In fact, a parents’ meeting is for the most part a communication meeting, where teachers and parents exchange information and opinions about students’ situations at school and home, which is beneficial to improve teaching quality.
As for your problem, I think you can have a good talk with your parents and teachers. While talking with your parents, you can focus on how hard you study (if it is the case) and why you failed this time or even ask them to help analyze your failure. When talking with your teachers, better ask them for the law of each subject and effective methods of learning them. Anyhow, improving your grades is the key to solving the problem.
Yours,
Li Hua
(Another possible version)
Slowstudent,
This is really a tough nut to crack. In my opinion, if you use your head a little bit, it is easy to deal with. Let me put it clearer. Now that parents’ meetings bring troubles and unhappiness to you, that would be okay if there were no such kind of meeting. It is impossible for you to forbid your school or your class to hold a parents’ meeting, but you can “forbid” your parents to attend the meeting. How? One way is not telling your parents there will be a parents’ meeting. Another is trying to say something bad about the meeting (say, the meeting is intended for nothing but to collect money) so that your parents hate to go to it. These approaches prove effective, for I am as slow a student as you.
Yours,
Li Hua