四川省简阳市2016高考英语阅读理解选练（2）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields. Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago. Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH
Soil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called .
A. litterB. topsoilC. humusD. subsoil
2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it
【参考答案】1--4、BBCD
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
TOKYO — Lonely astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) may soon be getting a robot friend from Japan.
Japan’s space agency is considering putting a talking humanoid (有人的特点的) robot on the ISS to watch the work while astronauts are asleep, monitor their health and stress levels and communicate to Earth through the micro-blogging site Twitter.
Japan’s space agency JAXA announced this week that it is looking at a plan to send a humanoid robot to the space station in 2017 that could communicate with the ground through Twitter — primarily feeding photos, rather than original ideas — and provide astronauts with “comfort and companionship”.
Following up on US NASA’s “Robonaut” R-2 program, which is set for launch on the Discovery shuttle next week, the Japanese robot would be part of a larger effort to create and refine robots that can be used by the elderly, JAXA said in a statement.
Japan is one of the leading countries in robotics and has a rapidly aging society with one of the world’s longest life expectancies.
Improving robot communication capabilities could help elderly people on Earth by providing a nonintrusive (无干扰的) means of monitoring the robot owner’s health and vital signs and sending information to emergency responders if there is an abnormality, JAXA said.
“We are thinking in terms of a very human-like robot that would have facial expressions and be able to talk with the astronauts,” said JAXA’s Satoshi Sano.
The robot was being developed with the advertising and communications giant Dentsu Inc and a team at Tokyo University.
The NASA project has a human-like head, hands and arms and uses the same tools as station crew members. The “Robonaut” called R-2 is intended to carry out maintenance tasks in the station’s Destiny lab.
NASA says it hopes that humanoid robots could one day stand in for astronauts during spacewalks or perform tasks too difficult or dangerous for humans.
For now, the $2.5 million NASA robot is limited to activities within the lab.
1. According to the passage, a humanoid robot, put on the ISS, shall carry out the tasks except _______.
A. take care of the ISS sometimes
B. keep an eye on the health of the astronauts
C. keep in contact with Earth
D. get a friend for astronauts from Japan
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?
A. The robot program will eventually benefit the elderly.
B. R-2 program is in the charge of Japan’s JAXA.
C. NASA is planning to communicate with the space station through Twitter.
D. Japan has the largest number of elderly people.
3. From the passage we can know _______.
A. many Japanese universities joined in the robot program
B. future astronauts will become less lonely and more comfortable with the help of the robot
C. robots could completely take the place of human astronauts in the future
D. the robot program, having cost $2.5 million, can carry out all tasks
【参考答案】1—3、DAB
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When Americans in the manufacturing sector (制造业) cried out, “The Chinese are coming,” some years ago, they expressed a restless concern and warning about a possible loss of job opportunities. Now Americans in the tourism industry issued the same cry on June 17 — but this time, it was a welcome call to greet the first organized group of Chinese tourists to the United States. U.S. tourism officials have high expectations that well-off Chinese visitors, who are ready and willing to spend loads of yuan, will give a big help to their industry.
“We’re very excited,” said Helen N. Marano, Director of the Office of Travel and Tourism Industries under the U.S. Department of Commerce. Before she talked to Beijing Review on June 17, Marano and her colleagues had been waiting for more than two hours at Washington Dulles International Airport to give a warm welcome to the first organized group of Chinese tourists to visit the United States.
The first group consisted of 250 tourists, who left from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong on June 17, the day when newly appointed Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan and U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson started the fourth round of the China-U.S. Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED) in Annapolis, Maryland. Each was backed by a big group of heavyweight ministerial officials.
Coincidence (巧合) could not provide a satisfactory explanation to the two events taking place on the same day. As a perfect example of one of the concrete results of the high-level dialogue between the two countries started by Chinese President Hu Jintao and U.S. President George W. Bush in 2006, the first Chinese tourist group’s arrival in the United States was widely reported by the Chinese media.
At the previous SED meeting last December, Chairman of the Chinese National Tourism Administration Shao Qiwei and U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez signed an agreement between China and the United States to advance tourist group travel from China to the United States. Under this agreement, China agreed to give an “approved destination status” to the United States, allowing Chinese travel agencies to market tourism to American destinations and permitting U.S. destinations to advertise directly to the Chinese public.
The agreement “is estimated to bring up to 100 million Chinese travelers to the United States over the next 15 years,” Paulson said.
But what people in the U.S. tourism industry care more about is how they can get a big slice of the pie.
“I’m getting calls already from people saying things like, ‘How do we get to do this?’ and ‘How do we attract Chinese tourists to our area?’” Marano told Beijing Review. Marano said she had been waiting for this market to be open for more than five years and that she was so excited now to see it finally happen.
1. When, a few years ago, some Americans shouted “the Chinese are coming”, they _______.
A. were worried that the Chinese language would take the place of English
B. were concerned that the number of the Chinese tourists would be bigger than the locals
C. wanted to warn that the U.S. economy would suffer heavy losses
D. feared that large numbers of Chinese moving into the U.S. would make many Americans jobless
2. Helen N. Marano was excited because _______.
A. large numbers of Chinese touring the U.S. would tip her and her colleagues
B. the Chinese touring in the U.S. would help improve its industry
C. the Chinese are usually well organized when travelling
D. Wang Qishan and Henry Paulson started the fourth round of the China-U.S. SED
3. We can infer from the passage that _______.
A. Chinese tourist agencies could organize groups of Chinese to go to the U.S. without the agreement
B. Marano and her colleagues waited at the airport to see how well organized the Chinese were
C. many Americans take a positive attitude toward Chinese tourists
D. about 100 million Americans will travel to China in the next 15 years
4. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. The Chinese are coming
B. The fourth-round China-U.S. SED
C. More Chinese, more job opportunities
D. How can we attract more Chinese to our area
【参考答案】1—4、DBCA
【深圳市2017高考英语综合能力测试题（4）】
信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选
项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读下列图书的相应介绍。
A
Save with Jamie: Shop Smart, Cook Clever, Waste
Less
Jamie gets the nation cooking clever, shopping smart and wasting less with his new cookbook, Save with Jamie. This book draws on knowledge and cooking skills to help you make better choices, showing you how to buy economically and efficiently, get the most out of your ingredients, save time and prevent food waste.
B
Tom Kerridge's Proper Pub Food
In this cookbook, Tom proves that everyone can make proper pub food. Over 100 recipes reveal his secrets for making real food truly amazing, including perfected dishes from his childhood and special treats he serves at his own one-of-a-kind pub. These recipes are simply the best version you'll ever have of the dishes everyone loves the most.
C
The Financial Times Guide to Business Start Up 2017
This annually updated and best-selling small business guide covers everything you need to know to succeed as an entrepreneur (企业家), from finance, tax and the law, to marketing, sales, pricing and budgeting.
D
Events Management
Events Management is a must-have introductory text providing a complete A-Z of the principles and practices of planning, managing and staging events. The book introduces the concepts of event planning and management and presents the study of event management within an academic environment.
E
Stillness and Speed: My Story
In Stillness and Speed, one of the most mysterious football stars finally opens up about his life and career, revealing the things that motivate and inspire him. Viewed by many as one of the most influential figures in Premier League history, and the best scorer of the goal that Arsenal fans voted in the club’s history, Dennis Bergkamp is a true giant of the game.
F
The Manager: Inside the Minds of Football's
Leaders
From the post room to the board room, everyone thinks they can be the manager. But how do you manage unconventional talent? What do you do to inspire loyalty in your players? How do you turn around a team m crisis? What's the best way to build long-term success? How can you lead calmly under pressure? The issues are the same whether you're managing a Premier League football team or an FTSE 100 company.
请阅读以下人物信息，然后匹配人物最可能选择的书籍：
46. Being manager of a football club has a lot in common with running a business in many other
walks of life, and that is the starting point for this well-constructed assessment of the post and
how to succeed in it… It contains a lot of enlightening ideas.
47. This edition covers the latest legal and financial changes you need to be aware of following
the 2017 Budget. It takes you through every important aspect of starting and running a
business, including developing your idea and getting financial" backing, sales, marketing,
pricing, tax and much more.
48. This systematic guide to organizing successful events with a ca8se study in each chapter pre-
pares students to deal with any problems they may face in managing area.
49. Few footballers' books make you think anew, but this book presents a new vision for the
game and how it might be played. He was a player like no other; his story is told like no other.
It is a book that will inspire football fans everywhere.
50. This year, I've got the message loud and clear that as everyone comes under bigger and bigger
financial pressure, they want help to cook tasty, nutritious food on a budget, so this book was
born completely out of public demand.
【参考答案】46-50 FCDEA