2016届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】专题
阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题
【构建知识体系】
事实细节题细节转换与是非判断题数字计算题细节排序题2017-2015年高考本专题考查分布明细统计
年份
主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测
2017
第一节 剑桥科技节的活动通知 应用文 1 6 6 2
旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程 记叙文
向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍 议论文
学者对濒危语种进行记录拯救 记叙文
第二节 如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备 说明文 信息匹配
2015 第一节 关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题讲座安排的海报 应用文 0 9 5 1
作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受 记叙文
介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况 记叙文
法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。 议论文
第二节 重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施 说明文 信息匹配
2017-2015年高考本专题考查分布明细统计
年份
主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测
2017
A 以一个妻子的口吻讲述了发生在自己丈夫身上的故事。在丈夫丢失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。 记叙文 1 9 3 2
B 以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出贡献。 科普说明文
C 美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair（住家保姆） from China”。透过现象揭示了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in Amercia”，暗示中国雄狮已经苏醒。 社会文化类
D 地铁提示信息，包括时间、价格、失物招领等，同时也提到了老年人和残疾人需要注意的问题 广告应用类
2015 A 我的彩电给我带来的头疼事：花的钱比广告上的多，而且机子是过时的，质量也有问题，最后只能花钱修。 记叙文 1 5 8 1
B 减肥除了少吃之外，还和房间有关系：房子要明亮；勇冷色系会减少食欲；放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用校的碗碟 科普说明文
C 越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年”。有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。 社会现象议论类
D 从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。 广告应用类比
【考纲解读】
考试大纲 要求 考纲解读
要求考生
考查精确归纳标题概括文章大意总结段落大意主要
【剖析高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
[201·全国卷]
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
A. Exciting.
B. Boring.
C. Relaxing.
D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile?
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A. They are soft.
B. They look nice.
C. They taste great.
D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to that evening?
A. Go to a farm.
B. Check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant.
D. Buy fresh vegetables
[2015·全国卷]
More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.
31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
He’s puzzled
He’s worried
He’s surprised
He’s annoyed
32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
Attend additional courses.
Make plans for the new term
Earn money for their education
Prepare for their graduate studies
【高考预测】
纵观近几年高考试题，预测201年高考试题还会
①②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点
考点一
事实细节题
【例1】In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness，Richard Burton，Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团)．It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time，the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon，groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University，and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge，Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”，once less recognized，has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre，music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959，with only 19 theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971，and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
(2017·新课标全国Ⅱ，B)
40．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?
A．To bring Europe together again.
B．To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.
C．To introduce young theatre groups.
D．To attract great artists from Europe.
41．Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?
A．They owned a public house there.
B．They came to take up a challenge.
C．They thought they were also famous.
D．They wanted to take part in the festival.
42．Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?
A．Popular writers.
B．University students.
C．Artists from around the world.
D．Performers of music and dance.
规律方法1： 如何事实细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
【变式精练】I have been in Limoges for a month now. since living here, I have tried to integrate(融合) into the local community and one way I have found to do this is by following the local rugby team.
I decided to look for information on the local rugby team after the tourism office could not help me. I searched for the club office online and decided to look into it. The following day I went back to the club after speaking with them and decided to get a season ticket for the rest of my stay here. I will now be going to each home game as well as travelling to the away games with the team and the fans. I am sure that it is going to be a great experience during my time abroad here. I will also be travelling through various regions of France so I will be visiting new places throughout the season. There is another team in a town called Brive not so far away who play in the top league in France, but I decided to stay local. I may go and see them with other assistants if possible during our stay.
I witnessed a friendly match on Saturday when they played Stade Dijon in the division below them. The match finished 70-12. After the match, both teams went to the club house to see the Rugby World Cup semi-final between New Zealand and Australia. Both teams respected each others which is something you don’t always see in other sports. I spoke to the president of the club after the game and he told me, “This is a family club.” Hopefully this year will be a good year for Limoges.
21. How did the writer try to combine into Limoges' community?
A. By taking part in the local rugby team.
B. By watching the rugby matches in Limoges,
C. By playing often with the people in Limoges.
D. By paying close attention to the local rugby team.
23. Why did the two teams go to the club house aft6r the match?
A. To show respect to each other.
B. To watch the Rugby World Cup semi-final.
C. To clean the club together.
D. To exchange experience with each other.
考点二
细节转换与是非判断题【例2】I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor，mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it，from the baby’s point of view.
Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state，the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s，taking account of parental education，family income， a child’s sex and age，the mother’s health and feeding style.These results don’t surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices
.(2017·广东，B)
31．According to Paragraph 2，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels________.
A．sick
B．upset
C．sleepy
D．hungry
32．What does the author think about Dr King?
A．He is strict.
B．He is unkind.
C．He has the wrong idea.
D．He sets a timetable for mothers.
34．What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?
A．The baby will sleep well.
B．The baby will have its brain harmed.
C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level.
D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
35．The author supports feeding the baby________.
A．in the night
B．every four hours
C．whenever it wants food
D．according to its blood sugar level
规律方法2：如何细节转换与是非判断题?
细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。
(1)语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
(2)图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采用“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相验证，便可确定正确答案。
(3)是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。
【变式精练】Most of us are expecting high-quality customer service in our daily life, but actually enjoying a happy purchase is easier said than done.
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead they will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers—and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative review. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronic customers.
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
3. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers________.
A. can stay longer browsing in the store
B. won’t have trouble parking their cars
C. won’t have any worrier about security
D. can find their cars easily after shopping
4. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A. Design of store layout.
B. Hiring of efficient employees
C. Huge supply of goods for sale.
D. Manners of the salespeople.
考点
数字计算题【例】This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like
If you trust in the yen，the euro，and the dollar...stop reading.
Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants.
You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build longterm value with highgrade collectable silver.And right now，those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2017 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles，America’s Newest Silver Eagle Dollars.Today，you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95!
You Can’t Afford to Lose
Why are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price？Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world’s finest highgrade coins.That’s why we’re offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2017 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45 (plus s/h)．
Timing is Everything
Our advice？Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer，the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2017 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver，prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it’s too late.
Offer Limited to 40 per household
2017 American Silver Eagle Coin
Your cost 1－4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h
5－9 Coins
$38.45 each＋s/h
10－19 Coins
$37.95 each＋s/h
20－40 Coins
$37.45 each＋s/h
Note：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchase
For fastest service，call tollfree 24 hours a day
18882017143
Offer Code代码 ASE17704
Please mention this code when you call.
New York Mint
14101 Southcross Drive W．，Dept.ASE17704
Burnsville，Minnesota 55337
www.NewYorkMint.com
(2017·福建，C)
65．If you buy six 2017 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post，you should pay at least ________.
A．$230.7
B．$233.7
C．$240.7
D．$243.7
规律方法：如何数字计算题？
【变式精练】(2017·四川，A)
33．How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together?
A．$20.
B．$40.
C．$60.
D．$80.
考点
细节排序题【例】You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rainsensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.
The Lampbrella is a standardlooking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a builtin electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor，there’s also a 360° motion sensor on
the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.(2017·山东，C)
68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A．motor→canopy→sensors
B．sensors→motor→canopy
C．motor→sensors→canopy
D．canopy→motor→sensors
规律方法：如何细节排序题？做此类题目可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。
【变式精练】()
Since 1989, Dave Thomas, who died at the age of 69, was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared in more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. “As long as it works”, he said in 1991, “I’ll continue to do those commercials.”
Even though he was successful, Thomas remained troubled by his childhood. “He still won’t let anyone see his feet, which are out of shape because he never had proper fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993. Born to a single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva Thomas of Kalamazoo in Michigan. After Auleva died when he was 5, Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around seeking construction work. “He fed me,” Thomas said, “and if I got out of line, he’d beat me.”
Moving out on his own at 15, Thomas worked, first as a waiter, in many restaurants. But he had something much better in mind. “I thought if I owned a restaurant,” he said, “I could eat for free.” A 1956 meeting with Harland Sanders led Thomas to a career as the manager of a Kentucky Chicken restaurant that made him a millionaire in 1968.
In 1969, after breaking with Sanders, Thomas started the first Wendy’s Old Fashioned Hamburgers, in Columbus, Ohio, which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6,000 restaurants worldwide, the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales. Although troubled by his own experience with adoption, Thomas, married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids besides Wendy, felt it could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption in 1992.
In 1993, Thomas, who had left school at 15, graduated from Coconut Creek High School in Florida. He even took Lorraine to the graduation dance party. The kids voted him Most Likely to Succeed.
“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams. “He wasn’t a great actor or a great speaker .He was just Joe Everybody.”]
27.
Choose the right time order of the following events in Thomas’s life.
a. graduated from high school
b. started his own business
c. became a millionaire
d. started a foundation
e. met Harland Sanders
A. e, b, c, d, a
B. a, e, c, b, d
C. e, c, b, d, a
D. a, e, b, c, d