2017届高考英语一轮复习知识梳理练习：选修8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection（北师大版）

　　Unit 22 Environmental Protection

　　(60分钟79分)

　　Part A

　　一、阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2分,满分14分)

　　A

　　When a Filipino lady is to be married,she will be the busiest person in the scene.She wants her big day to be great and memorable because most Filipinos marry only once.The bride-to-be usually loses weight before her big day because of stress.Those who can afford to pay for a wedding planner are free from worries.But average Filipinos who have no wedding planner have many things to prepare.Most brides start with the small details.

　　The color or the design

　　Ladies are particular about color combinations.They will make sure that the flowers will perfectly match the dresses of the bride’s maids and the flower girls and that the small flower worn by the wedding host is in perfect combination with the whole design.

　　The souvenirs

　　Most Filipino brides make their own wedding souvenirs to give them away.They will buy the material and make the souvenirs themselves.They will spend their precious time to make them very attractive to their guests.They will be satisfied when their guests say,“Wow,I like it.” To them,it’s worth the hard work.

　　The wedding invitations

　　To prepare the invitations is a stressful job for the bride and the groom.They will start with the listings of all possible guests.It’s stressful because if their budget is good only for 50 people and the expected guests on the list is 100,there is a problem.Filipinos think their friends and relatives will feel bad if they do not receive an invitation;whether they can attend or not,they are expecting an invitation.Usually,the couple will stretch(尽力使用) their budget for the extras just not to disappoint friends and relatives.

　　1.The writer writes the passage to . 

　　A.tell us how to have a happy wedding

　　B.tell us the Filipino wedding tradition

　　C.teach us how to write wedding invitation cards

　　D.show us how a Filipino lady prepare for a wedding

　　2.Most Filipino ladies to be married will . 

　　A.organize the wedding on her own

　　B.have much work to deal with

　　C.have nothing to worry about

　　D.invite a wedding planner

　　3.What can we infer from the passage?

　　A.Filipino ladies get married once due to the cost.

　　B.The wedding souvenirs are often expensive.

　　C.The wedding host can wear any flower.

　　D.Friends and relatives prefer to be invited to a wedding.

　　【文章大意】本文为说明文,介绍了菲律宾新娘需要为婚礼做的准备。

　　1.D　目的意图题。本文旨在介绍菲律宾女性为婚礼所做的一些准备。

　　2.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But average Filipinos who have no wedding planner have many things to prepare.Most brides start with the small details.”可知,大多数的菲律宾新娘需要考虑很多事情。

　　3.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Filipinos think their friends and relatives will feel bad if they do not receive an invitation;whether they can attend or not,they are expecting an invitation.”可知,在菲律宾,亲朋好友为收到婚礼请柬而感到高兴。

　　B

　　2015 marked the 150th anniversary of when large numbers of Chinese started working on a huge project in the United States.They helped to build America’s first transcontinental railroad,connecting the East Coast with the West.

　　People know little about the Chinese railroad workers and what happened to them after the project was finished.Stanford University in California wants to learn more about the lives of these men by reaching out to their families.

　　Bill Yee’s ancestors came from southern China.He said,“My great-great-grandfather came to America during the ‘gold rush’ days and he returned back to China as a wealthy man.And then my great-grandfather came to work on the railroad and died there.”

　　But that did not stop his grandfather from coming to the US on false papers.He operated a laundry.Bill Yee’s father continued to run the business and has never returned to China.

　　“Things were pretty bad in some parts of China in the 1860’s.They came to America at all costs in order that they no longer had to bear hunger,” Bill Yee said.

　　Shelley Fisher Fishkin is helping to direct the Chinese Railroad Workers in North America Project at Stanford University.She said,“Many of the Chinese workers who came to work on the transcontinental and other railroads returned to China after their work was done and created families there.Some of them settled in America and created new families,but they had families who they left when they came here and they may have descendants in China.”

　　There is a need to create a record of the object and spoken history from the families of the railroad workers.

　　“The US could not have become the modern industrial nation without the railroads.And the railroads would not have come together without the work of these Chinese workers,” said Fishkin.

　　1.What do we know about Bill Yee?

　　A.His family was rich in the 1860’s.

　　B.His father settled in the USA.

　　C.He knows little about his ancestors and hopes to know more.

　　D.His grandfather came to America with his great-grandfather.

　　2.According to Bill Yee,many Chinese went to America in the 1860’s mainly. 

　　A.to run their own businesses

　　B.to find their ancestors

　　C.to make a living

　　D.to dig gold

　　3.According to Shelley Fisher Fishkin,. 

　　A.the descendants of the Chinese railroad workers all live a good life

　　B.they expect to find all the descendants of the Chinese railroad workers

　　C.some Chinese railroad workers hope they can find their descendants in China

　　D.some Chinese railroad workers have descendants both in China and the US

　　4.Why did Stanford University carry out the project?

　　A.Because they want to help the Chinese railroad workers’ descendants to get together.

　　B.Because they want to show the importance of America’s first transcontinental railroad.

　　C.Because they want to learn more about how to build a railroad in the past in America.

　　D.Because they want Americans to remember the Chinese railroad workers’ role in US history.

　　【文章大意】2015年是华工赴美修建铁路150周年。斯坦福大学致力于研究美国铁路华工历史,考查华工们的生活及境遇。

　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第四段“But that did not stop his grandfather from coming to the US on false papers.He operated a laundry.Bill Yee’s father continued to run the business and has never returned to China.”可知,B项正确。

　　2.C　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,华人们不惜一切代价去美国就是为了谋求生存,不再挨饿。故选C项。

　　3.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Some of them settled in America and created new families,but they had families who they left when they came here and they may have descendants in China.”可知,一些华工后来在美国定居安家,而之前他们在中国也有家庭后代。故D项为正确答案。

　　4.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,斯坦福大学的这个项目旨在让美国人铭记中国铁路工人在美国历史上所起的作用。

　　二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

　　I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I’d always been 1. good child,this was temporary. 

　　2.(fortunate),it was not to be so.I didn’t have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep worry began to destroy my 3.(confident).Finally I refused to attend classes,4.(shut) myself in my room for hours. 

　　The examination was approaching,but I simply didn’t care.My parents and teachers were surprised 5. my bad performance.One morning,after a particularly severe lecture from my father,I stood at the school gate,6.(depress).Then as the other students marched to their classrooms,our headmaster called me.The next forty-five minutes was one of the 7.(precious) moments in my life.She said she 8.(notice) a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in 9.(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug. 

　　No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster,10. helped me out simply by listening and hugging. 

　　1.a。此处泛指“一个好孩子”,且child为可数名词,故用a修饰。

　　2.Unfortunately。句首用副词表示强调,根据下文的内容可知此处要用fortunately的反义词。

　　3.confidence。此处前有形容词性物主代词my修饰,故填名词。

　　4.shutting。shut的逻辑主语是主句主语I,故用现在分词shutting表主动。

　　5.at。be surprised at“对……惊讶”。

　　6.depressed。此处需用形容词作状语,故填depressed。

　　7.most precious。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。故此处用形容词最高级形式。

　　8.had noticed。此处指校长在与“我”谈话前就已注意到“我”的变化,故用过去完成时。

　　9.hers。此处指她把“我”的手放在她的手里。

　　10.who。此处所填词引导非限定性定语从句,先行词为the headmaster,故用who。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

　　I think I’m one of the luckiest people in the world because of the time I’m able to spend with young people who are not afraid to show their excitement and zest(热情) for life.　1　,I would prefer a person with passion and enthusiasm to a person with 　2　 and talent any day of the week.You can teach and develop skills,　3　 you cannot develop a love of life and an optimistic attitude.These are 　4　 of a person and appear at all times during work or play.Furthermore,they are traits that one is born with and they will never 　5　 them. 

　　As a 　6　 and an Independent Education and Career Planning Advisor,I 　7　 too many children and young adults who are on a road to despair unless someone can find a way to change their attitude towards 　8　 and indeed life itself! 

　　9　,society has turned out too many children and young that are unwilling to put much 　10　 or thought into their work.Whenever I come across such people— 　11　 or old,I’m reminded of a boy who went with his mother on a blueberry picking hike into the 　12　.The boy filled his 　13　 mostly with moss(苔藓) and then covered the moss with a thin layer of blueberries so that it looked 　14　.But the next morning,he found the blueberry pie which his mother 　15　 for him was moss. 

　　So 　16　,whether you are in school or 　17　,if you have enthusiasm and if you are 　18　 to put in consistent effort along with passion,you will receive the 　19　.If,on the other hand,you are 　20　 and prefer to take short-cuts,you should not expect to achieve the same results. 

　　(2015·甘肃部分高中联考)

　　1.A.Obviously B.Personally

　　C.Luckily D.Quickly

　　2.A.skills B.ideas

　　C.kindness D.courage

　　3.A.or B.for

　　C.but D.if

　　4.A.choices B.requests

　　C.appearances D.characters

　　5.A.use B.deserve

　　C.lose D.cherish

　　6.A.journalist B.doctor

　　C.colleague D.teacher

　　7.A.search for B.come across

　　C.care about D.depend on

　　8.A.learning B.donating

　　C.speaking D.greeting

　　9.A.Eventually B.Unfortunately

　　C.Hopefully D.Perfectly

　　10.A.equipment B.information

　　C.effort D.possession

　　11.A.innocent B.young

　　C.poor D.stupid

　　12.A.woods B.corner

　　C.park D.market

　　13.A.mouth B.pan

　　C.basket D.hand

　　14.A.delicious B.beautiful

　　C.clean D.full

　　15.A.collected B.baked

　　C.kept D.bought

　　16.A.promise B.guess

　　C.remember D.look

　　17.A.in danger B.in distance

　　C.in hospital D.at work

　　18.A.willing B.confident

　　C.proud D.careful

　　19.A.crop B.trust

　　C.votes D.rewards

　　20.A.lazy B.busy

　　C.curious D.stubborn

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过一个小男孩的故事告诉我们,如果有热情并且不停地努力的话就会有回报,相反,如果偷懒并且想走捷径的话就不要期望有相同的结果。

　　1.B　obviously“明显地”;personally“亲自地,就自己而言”;luckily“幸运地”;quickly“迅速地,很快”。根据上下文可知,“我”本人更喜欢有激情和热情的人。

　　2.A　根据下文中的“You can teach and develop skills...”可知,此处用skills与talent并列。

　　3.C　分析语境可知此处意为“你能够学习并掌握技术,但你无法培养热爱生活和乐观的态度”。前后句为转折关系,故用but。

　　4.D　choice“选择”;request“要求”;appearance“外貌,外观”;character“品质,特性”。根据常识可知,热情、乐观是一个人的性格特征。

　　5.C　use“使用”;deserve“值得”;lose“丢失,丢掉”;cherish“珍惜”。此处意为“另外,那些还是一个人从一出生就具有,而且永远不会丢掉的特质。”故选C项。

　　6.D　此处由and连接,故空处前后意思应该一致或相近,又根据后文“an Independent Education and Career Planning Advisor”可知选teacher。

　　7.B　根据下文中的“Whenever I come across such people...”可知,“我”经常会遇到一些处于绝望中的人。come across“遇到,偶遇”。

　　8.A　结合上下文可知,此处意为“我遇见过很多孩子和年轻人,他们正处在绝望中,除非有人帮他们找到改变他们对于学习和生活本身的态度的方法”。A项符合语境。

　　9.B　社会造就了太多对待工作不够努力和用心的孩子和年轻人,这是不幸的。故此处选unfortunately“不幸地”。

　　10.C　根据下文中的“if you are...to put in consistent effort...”可知此处指付出努力和心思。put effort into sth.“对某事付出很大力气”。

　　11.B　此处or表并列,故用young与old并列。young or old“无论老幼”。

　　12.A　小男孩是去“小树林”摘蓝莓,A项符合语境。

　　13.C　fill...with...意为“用……装满……”,此处指小男孩用大部分苔藓装满了篮子。

　　14.D　小男孩在篮子里放了大多数的苔藓,而只在上面铺了薄薄的一层蓝莓是为了让篮子看起来满满的,故用full。

　　15.B　此处意为“但是第二天他发现妈妈为他烤的蓝莓饼是苔藓做的”。此处pie应该与bake搭配。

　　16.C　通过上文所讲的故事可以看出作者想让读者“记住”下面的道理,故选remember“记住”。

　　17.D　作者想让读者记住的是“不管你是在上学还是工作,如果你有热情并且愿意把持久的努力和热情结合在一起,你将会收到回报”。

　　18.A　willing“愿意的”;confident“自信的”;proud“骄傲的,自豪的”;careful“小心的”。be willing to do sth.“愿意做某事”。

　　19.D　分析上下文可知此处指前面的付出会有所“回报”。reward“报答,回报”。

　　20.A　此处意为“相反,如果你很懒并且想走捷径的话,那就不要期望有相同的回报。”故选lazy“懒惰的”。

　　二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

　　With the development of society,it is common that many people are rushing all the way and all day,tired and subhealthy.　1　 She described all the things she had to do—one was to make her bed—from the moment she woke up until she flew out of the door for work.I suggested she experiment by not making her bed for two weeks.She was shocked,probably thinking I’d been brought up by wolves in a forest.　2　  

　　Two weeks later she went into my office merrily.She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years—and nothing bad had happened.“And you know what?” she said.“I don’t dry my dishes any more,either.”

　　3　 One was discovering that she had choices in her life that she had never seen before.The other was giving herself permission to be less than perfect.This story shows an important principle about managing time:No one can do it all.Each of us has to make choices and accept trade-offs(利弊权衡).The problem is that many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last.They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.　4　  

　　So what is the solution?There’s an easy way.Decide what you want in your life,and put that first.On a daily basis,that should include regular meals,enough sleep and time with your family.Exercise,leisure,friendships and hobbies should also be regular aspects of life.　5　 The choice is yours:whatever makes you feel good about yourself and your life.Take a nap.Take a walk.Take time to play the piano.Stop bringing your briefcase home from the office.Stop keeping your house as clean as your mother kept hers.Fill more of your time with want-to-dos instead of have-to-dos. 

　　(2015·北京东城区联考)

　　A.However,she went along with my idea.

　　B.This woman had made two major breakthroughs.

　　C.Most people do not take time to relax themselves.

　　D.They put everyone else’s needs ahead of their own.

　　E.The point is to do something for yourself every day.

　　F.A patient came to see me about the stress in her life.

　　G.Above all,you needn’t do anything for yourself regularly.

　　【文章大意】随着社会的发展,人们总是很忙碌,处于疲惫和亚健康状态。但是只要你改变心态,多做一些自己想做的,少做一些不得不做的,就会感觉很美好。

　　1.F　根据空格后的描述可推知,一位病人向“我”倾诉生活中的压力,F项符合语境。

　　2.A　根据下一段中的“She had left her bed unmade for the first time in 42 years—and nothing bad had happened.”可以看出她同意了“我”的想法。故选A项。

　　3.B　根据下文“One was...The other was...”可以看出她做出了两大改变。故选B项。

　　4.D　根据上文“The problem is that many people choose in ways that put themselves and their health last.They take better care of their houses and cars than they do of themselves.”可推出很多人对自身的关心程度不够,故选D项。

　　5.E　根据“Decide what you want in your life,and put that first...”可推断出此处是建议每天为自己做些事,故选E项。

　　三、短文改错(满分10分)

　　It is reported that thirty cell phones taken away by teachers during the examination and were smashed (销毁) in front of students and parents at a high school.As to this,we hold a heated discussion.There are two different viewpoints about them.

　　Some think it necessarily.Firstly,with cell phones,students would have focused their attention on studying instead of wasting their precious time reading junk message.Secondly,the examination will be fair if no one cheats using cell phones.However,the others think it otherwise.For one thing,at the age of information,cell phones have become a necessity.For another,students can use cell phones for study.

　　Personally spoken,even if some students use cell phones for no good reason,we should educate them more than destroy cell phones in such an extreme way.

　　1.第1句:在taken前加were。cell phones是take的动作承受者,应用被动语态,故在taken前加were。

　　2.第2句:hold→held。根据上文可知应用一般过去时,故将hold改为held。

　　3.第3句:them→it。此处代词是代替前文所提到的手机被没收并销毁这件事,故将them改为it。

　　4.第4句:necessarily→necessary。think 后跟形容词作宾补,故将necessarily改为necessary。

　　5.第5句:with→without。根据句意可知,此处应指“没有手机,学生将能集中注意力上课”,故将with改为without。

　　6.第5句:message→messages。message是可数名词,根据语境可知此处应用其复数形式,故将message改为messages。

　　7.第7句:删除the。此处与前文的some对应,应用others,故删除the。

　　8.第8句:at→in。in the age of information“在信息时代”,故应将at改为in。

　　9.第10句:spoken→speaking。personally speaking“就我个人来讲”,为固定搭配,故将spoken改为speaking。

　　10.第10句:more→rather。根据句意可知,此处意为“我们应该教育他们,而不是以极端的方式销毁手机”。故用rather than,表示“非,而不是”。