英语基础知识 短语的讲解与训练
词组
知识要点
词组(短语)是指由两个以上的词语组合而成的一个有意义语法单位。英语词组都是习惯用语,它相当于我们汉语的成语,不能随意搭配。词组是英语句子结构中重要的成分,不可忽视。词组(短语)通常没有主语,也没有谓语动词,但是每个词组(短语)都有一定的结构和语义,
是句子中的一个重要的组成部分。 论功能,英语词组(短语)主要可分为名词词组(短语)(noun phrase)、形容词词组(短语)(adjective phrase)、介词词组(短语)(prepositional phrase)和副词词组(短语)(adverb phrase)及动词词组(短语)(verb phrase)五种。
疑难突破
名词词组
和名词功能一样,在句子中充当主语主要有种:一名词词组(短语);二动名词词组(短语)三不定式词组(短语)
The state of Johore lies in the southern part of Malaysia.(主语)
Yesterday I visited the publishing house you introduced to me.(宾语)
All the members present told him to go out of the meeting room.(宾补)
第1句的the state of Johore是名词词组(短语);是动名词词组(短语)
2. 形容词词组
(短语)和功能一样,在句子中充当主要有种:例full of Chinese chestnuts;二是介词词组(短语),如;现在分词词组(短语)过去分词词组(短语),如例
The basket full of Chinese chestnuts is made of bamboo.
Bankers are people of great wealth.
Have you seen the thief running for his life?
The rat, chased by a cat, ran into a ditch.
3. 介词词组
(短语)一般由由介词与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类所构成。如:
ith the help of
在帮助下
under the leadership / care of 在领导/关心下
in the sun/sunshine
在阳光下
under the sun
在世界上
. by name
名叫
in the name of
以名义
in the air
空中,在流传
on the air
播出
in the way
挡路,障碍,用方法
in a way
在某点上,在某种程度上
by the way
顺便说一下
at the corner
在拐角处(外角)
in the corner
在角落里(内角)
on the corner
在角落上(外角上)
at the end (of)
在结束时
behind time
迟到,过期
behind the times
落在时代后面
at no time
决不
in no time
立即,马上
介词短语在句子中可以充当定语、状语、表语、宾(主)语补足语、主语和承接词语. 介词短语的替代功能与表动功能更应赋予高度重视。如:
定 语
介词短语的一个基本功能是作定语 , 通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后如
The young man in a tweed suit is Mary'sboyfriend.
穿花呢服的年轻人是玛丽的男朋友. (修饰the young man)
What is the advantage of doing all this?
做这一切有什么好处呢? (修饰the advantage)
状 语
介词短语的另一基本功能是作状语 , 修饰动词形容词副词或整个句子如
I gave a doll to the girl.
我送给那女孩一个玩具娃娃. (修饰动词)
I'm sorry for your brother.
我真为你弟弟可惜. (修饰形容词)
He works hard for serving the people.
他勤勤恳恳为人民服务. (修饰副词)
In spite of his shortcomings he is a responsible man.
他尽管有缺点, 却是一个有责任感的人. (修饰整个句子)
表 语
介词短语有时可放在系词之后作表语如
The girl seems in high spirits today.
这女孩今天看起来情绪高昂.
These people are only after fame and position.
这些人只是追名求位.
宾(主)语补足语
介词短语有时可作宾语补足语和主语补足语 如
He always considers himself in the right.
他总认为自己是正确的. (宾语补足语)
The price you offered is found on the high side.
你方报价偏高. (主语补足语)
主 语
凡表示空间 地点距离时间等的介词短语有时可作句子的主语 如
Between six and seven will suit me.
六七点之间对我合适
Just over the bridge is where you'll find the church.
桥那边就是你会找到教堂的地方.
承接词语
有些介词短语可以承接前后文而作句子或段落的承接词语, 这种思维承接词(thought
connectives)可以表达逻辑结果转折强调及附加陈述比较对比顺序等意义.这些介词短语
大多为惯用语.如
Man has tamed the jungle but, as a result, many kinds of birds and animals have disappeared.人类征服了丛林, 可是导致许多种鸟类和野兽都绝迹了 (逻辑结果)
His behavior has not improved; on the contrary it has become worse.
他的行为没有改善,相反, 变得更坏了 (转折)
替代功能
介词短语经常能替代动词不定式和各种从句使语言简洁精炼介词短语的这种替代简化功能是我们在学习介词短语运用时应该掌握的一个方面如
In the end she decided on the green hat.
最后她决定买那顶绿颜色的帽子. (替代不定式to buy the green hat)
I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
我怕伤了她的感情. (替代从句that I might hurt her feelings)
No one can tell the time of his coming.
无人知道他什么时候来. (替代定语从句when he will come)
With these words she left the room.
说了这些话她就离开了房间. (替代状语从句After she said these words)
Dreams come from within, not from outside.
梦来自内心不是来自外界. (替代句尾附加分句they do not come from outside)
表动功能
有些介词短语有着强烈的表动功能 , 起着类似于动词的作用, 使语言言简意赅, 风格明快, 这也是我们学习介词短语运用时应该掌握的又一个方面. 例如:
The dictionary is at press. 字典正在排印中.
There is a church service in progress now. 一场宗教仪式正在进行中.
We should by all means raise productivity. 我们应该想方设法提高生产率.
Elizabeth is trying to lose weight, and she is on a diet.伊丽莎白力图减肥,正在节食.
My phone was out of order, and so I couldn't call you.
我的电话出了故障,因此无法给你打电话.
副词词组
副词词组(短语)主要由介词协助组成,作用和一般副词一样,修饰动词,但位置灵活,可以在句前,也可以在动词之后。例如:
The naughty boy was asked to stand in front of the classroom.
Don't run across the road. It is dangerous to do so.
In 1989, I stayed a few months in the University of London as a visiting scholar.
在这些词组(短语)中,由介词引荐者既有形容词的功能(见例①-②),又可负起副词的使命。这样一来,我们应如何判辨两者的差别呢?方法简单,就是从词组(短语)在句中的功能着手:修饰名词的是形容词性的、修饰动词的是副词性的,如:
①a. The students in this class are very active.
b. If you like, you may study in this class. (起副词功能,作状语)
② a. Two boys at the back of the class are talking. (起形容词功能,作定语)
b. An unwell student has fallen asleep at the back of the class. (起副词功能,作状语)
5. 动词词组
(短语)由动词及名词、介词或者副词等组成。如:
动词+副词
1)作及物动词:
He brought up his children strictly.
Our teachers bring us up strictly. 老师对我们的教育很严。注意:从以上的例句中可以看出,在动词+副词的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。 2)作不及物动词: Something unexpected has turned up.出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)
3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词: The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。 The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。 动词+介词
动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面: I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)
The cat hogged himself to come at a big dog.
那只猫拱起背向一条大狗发起了攻击。 动词+副词+介词
在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后: We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate)
I’ll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.
我下周就要搬了,在此之前,我还是得忍受这种噪音。 动词+名词 这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义: Let’s take another try.让我们再试一下。( a try=v.try)
(5)动词+名词+介词
这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后: Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。
(6)be + 形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词
这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义: I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.
我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。
It's not enough just to be keen on music. 光对音乐感兴趣是不够的。
(1)并列连词词组:
both…and…既……又……
either…or…或者……或者……;要么……要么……
neither…nor…既不……也不……
not only…but (also)…不但……而且……
not…but…不是……而是……
as well as 以及……;不但……而且
(2)从属连词词组:
as if(though) 好像……
even if(though) 即使……
as(so) long as 只要
in case 以防万一;免得
on condition that 如果……
in order that为了……;以便……
so that 以便……;目的是……
so/ such…that…如此……以至于……
as soon as 一……就……
the moment/ instant/ minute 一……就……
no sooner…than…一……就……
hardly/ scarcely…when…一……就……
now that=seeing that 既然;由于
provided/ providing that 假如;如果
suppose/ supposing that 如果;假如
7. 表数量的词组 a little 一点
a lot of 很
a kind of 一种
a set of 一套
how much 多少
how old 多大 lots of 许多,大量
dozens of 几十;许多
scores of 许多;大量
quite a few 相当多;不少
quantities of 许多
a number of 若干;一些
the number of ……的数量
a great deal of 许多;大量
a good/ great many 许多;大量
hundreds of 数以百计的
thousands of 数以千计的
tens of thousands of 成千上万的
millions of 上百万的
billions of 数以亿计的
all sorts/ kinds of 各种各样的
注意:高考热点词组100个左右。
高频分析:词组是构成英语语言的基本要素;在高考试题中,有些词组所出现的频率很高。
我们随意抽查近几年各省的40份高考英语试卷,进行统计分析;发现以下100个词组是高考高频词组:
1. be about to do 即将做
2.by accident /by chance偶然
3. in detail 详细地
4.account for 解释,说明
5. on account of/ because of 因为,由于
6. come up with 提出,提供
7.take ... into account 考虑
8. in addition to 除之外
9.in addition另外
10. add up to 合计达
11.in advance 事先,在前,预先
12.have an advantage 胜过,,优于
13. take advantage of 乘之机,利用
14. make use of利用
15. in common 共用,共有
16.ahead of 在前面,先于
17.in the air 在流行中,在传播中
18. above all 首先,尤其
19.after all 毕竟,虽然这样
20. at all 完全
21. all but 决不
22. all out 全力以赴,竭尽全力.
23. in all 总共,合计
24.allow for 考虑到
25.leave alone/ let alone 听其自然,不要去管,更不用说
26. one after another 一个接一个
27. one another 互相
28.approve of
赞成,同意
29. die out 消失,灭绝
30.as for/ as to 至于
31.as if / as though 好像,仿佛
32.aside from 除之外(尚有) =apart from
33. make a/the difference 有影响,很重要
34.ask for 请求,要求
35.attached to 系,贴,连接;附属;依恋
36. pay attention to 注意
37. on (the/an) average 平均,一般说来
38 right away 立刻,马上
39.before long不久
40.in general 一般说来
41.catch fire着火
42.burn down 烧毁
43. based on 以为基础
44. come to 苏醒,复苏
45. begin with 首先,第一点 =in the first place
46.on behalf of 代表,为了
47. in danger 在危险中,垂危
48. die down 渐渐消失,平息
49.get the best of
战胜;从中得到最大益处
50.make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理
51. do/ try
one's best 尽力,努力
52. come true 实现,达到
53. deal with 与...交易;处理;论述,涉及
54.had better 最好还是,应该
55.on board 在船(飞机)上
56. come up to 等于,比得上,达到,及于
57. break away (from) 脱离,逃跑
58.break down 损坏;分;解,瓦解
59.break in 强行进入,闯入
60. break into 闯入; 突然发生,突然开始;突然改变步法;侵占;打开并提取紧急之物
61.break off 中断,中止
62.break out 突然发生,爆发;逃跑
63.break through 突破;克服,征服,压倒
64.break up 破碎,拆散,瓦解;.终止;婚姻关系结束;身体衰弱,变弱
65.catch one's breath 歇口气;屏息
66.out of breath 喘不过气来;上气不接下气
67.in brief 简单地说,简而言之
68.bring about 导致,带来,招致
69. bring down 打倒,降低
70.bring forth 提出
71. bring forward 提出,提议
72.bring out 使出现/显明;阐释,文明;公布,出版;帮助消除害羞心理或沉默寡言态度
73.bring to 使恢复知觉
74.bring up 抚养,培养
75. build up 建立
76. take charge of 开始管理,接管
77.burn out 烧掉
78.burn up 烧尽
79.on business 因公,因事
80. but for 除之外,倘没有,要不是
81.by and by 不久以后,将来
82.call for 邀约,要求,需要
83.call forth 引起,招致;鼓起,振作起
84.remind sb of sth 使人想起某事
85. call on/upon 访问,拜访,号召,呼吁
86.call up 使人想起;召集,动员;打电话
87.care
(nothing) about 关心/对...漠不关心
88.care for 照管,关心;喜欢,意欲
89. take care 当心,注意 =be careful
90. take care of 照顾,照料
91.carry off 拿走,夺走
92.carry on 继续,坚持下去;从事,经营
93. carry out 执行,贯彻
94.in any case 无论如何,总之
95.in case 假如,以防万一
96.in case of 假如,如果发生;防备
97. in no case 无论如何不,决不
98. in charge (of) 负责,主管
99.catch up with 追上,赶上
100. take a chance 冒险一试
即学即练
1.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.
A. in search of
B. in place of C. for lack of
D. for fear of
2. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ______ the local market. A. longer than
B. more than
C. as much as
D. as far as
3.No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high. A. getting rid of
B. getting along with C. Looking up to
D. looking down upon
4.We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and _____, dogs give us their all.
A in all
B in fact
C in short
D in return
5.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them. A. in preference to
B. in place of C. in agreement with
D. in exchange for
6.I _can _____ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A. come up with
B.put up with
C. turn to
D.stick to
7.She ______ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A.turned down
B.dealt with
C.took after
D.came across
8. In the Shopping Day, _____people rushed into the shops and caused the traffic jam.
A.thousand of
B.tens of thousands of
C.million of
D.three millions
直击高考
1.(2017辽宁卷32)Briggs will _______ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A. get away
B. take over
C. set off
D. run out 2.(2017陕西卷25)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least h e has_______.
A. cut out
B. cut down
C. cut up
D. cut off
3.(2017天津卷8) I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn’t able to A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on 4.(2017新课标II卷2)Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight? A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through 5.(2017新课标I卷30) At the last moment, Tom decided to_____ a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off
6.(2017浙江卷17)Bears ______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enoug h to last them through their winter sleep. A. pack up
B. build up
C. bring up
D. take up 7.(2017安徽卷26) Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselv es before they______on their life journey. A. give up B. settle down C. get through D. set off 8.(2017湖北30)Check carrots,potatoes,onions and any other vegetables ________ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.
A.in demand B.in store C.on loan D.on sale
9.(2017江西25)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.________,it could just put you in debt.
A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand
10.(2017天津6)________ the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support.
A.In reply to B.In addition to C.In charge of D.In place of
11.(2017福建22)Our club is open to everyone ________ age,sex or educational background.
A.due toB.except for C.along with D.regardless of
12.(2017浙江18)There’s no reason to be disappointed.________,this could be rather amusing.
A.Above all
B.As a result
C.In addition
D.As a matter of fact
13.(2017浙江10)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ________.
A.in return B.in common C.in turn D.in place
14.(2017江苏24)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.
A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion
15.(2017湖北30)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________a long lost antique Greek vase.
A.at random
B.by chance
C.in turn
D.on occasion
16.(2017·陕西24).The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will ______.
A.in particular
B.in turn
C.in charge
D.in time
17.(2017·福建29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always _____ whenever she tries to.
A.in the way
B.on watch
C.in sight
D.on the line
18.(2017·辽宁25) ______ everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
A.By means of
B.On behalf of
C.In search of
D.For fear of
19.(2017·浙江14)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._______,I’ll set the table.
A.As a result
B.On the whole
C.In the meanwhile
D.As a matter of fact
20.(2017江苏26)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you.
the party on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend.
A.On account of
B.In response to
C.In view of
D.With regard to
21.(2017湖北25) The furniture,
with its modern style and bright colors,
suits modern houses and their gardens,
but looks ____ in the garden of a traditional home.
A. out of question
B. out of order
C. out of sight
D. out of place
22.(2017江西34)
He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris.
____, he had a wonderful time.
A. Above all
B. What’s more
C. As a result
D. On the contrary
即学即练
1. C。短语辨析。A. 寻找 B. 代替; C. 因缺乏 D. 生怕,以免。句子的完整意思应该是:大城市建起越来越多的高楼大厦,因为缺乏空间。故C合题意。
2. D。本题考查介词词组。句意:在古代,根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组,本题即为as far as。as far as远到……。
3. C。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:你无论认为自己怎样低下,总希望有个高尚的人来尊敬你。getting rid of摆脱;去除; getting along with与……相处;进展;looking up to尊敬;敬仰; looking down upon看不起;轻视。据语境答案选C。
4. D。句意:我们给予狗时间,空间和能给予的爱;作为回报,狗给予了我们它们的一切。考察in的词组。in all 共计 in fact实际上 in short 简而言之 in return 以作为回报。据句意答案选D。
5. D。词组辨析。句意:对于公共官员来说是非法的,如果他向人们索要礼物或钱财作为帮助人的交换条件的话。先理解短语的意思. in preference to(优先于);in place of(代替);in agreement with(同意,与……一致);in exchange for(交换)。其实辨析这几个介词短语的难度不大,只需要认识每一个短语中的核心词preference, exchange, place, agreement的意思即可,猜测较为容易。
6. B。考查短语动词的辨析。句意:房子里东西凌乱我能忍,但是我讨厌脏。come up with想出, 提出;put up with 忍受, 容忍;turn to转向,翻书到,求助于,(使)变成;stick to坚持,紧跟,粘住,忠于;不整洁的;凌乱的。
7. D。考查词组的辨析。句意:昨天在百货商店购物时,她遇上了她的老朋友。turn down拒绝;deal with对付,处理;take after 长得像,性格类似于,效仿;come across穿过, 越过,偶然遇见。据语境选D。
8. B。考察表达数量的短语。句意:购物节的那天,成千上万的人涌进商店;引起了交通阻塞。A. thousands of 数以千计的;tens of thousands of 成千上万的;millions of 上百万的;three million三千;只有B是正确搭配。
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B。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:当米切尔退休时布里格斯将接任总经
理职务。A. get away逃跑B. take over接管,接任 C. set o ff引发D. run out用光,耗尽。根据句意,选择B。
2. B。本题考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我叔叔一直没能够戒烟,但至少他减量了。四个短语的意思分别是“切断,删除”;“削减,砍倒”;“切碎,谴责”;“切掉,删去”;根据句意:虽然没有戒烟,但至少是减量了。应该用cut down。
3. A。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:我今年原打算度假的,但是我实在抽不出身来。A get away离开,逃掉,抽身;B drop in顺便拜访;C check out退房结帐,检验,通过考核;D项hold out伸出,拿出,呈现,抵抗。
4. A。本题考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:今晚想跟我们一起去看电影吗?come along 一起,一道,符合句意,为正确答案;其他三个选项的意思分别是“离开,实现”,“偶然碰到;被理解”,“经历,安然度过”,均与句意不符,排除。
5. B。本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:在最后一刻,汤姆决定添加一个新角色来使故事显得更加真实。put … up举起……;张贴……;put … in 使……加入;适……进入;put … on 穿上……;上演……;put … off 推迟……。题干中的more likely提示, 汤姆决定“添加”一个角色,故最佳答案是B。
6. B。考查动词短语辨析。句意:熊在整个夏天到秋天积累脂肪,为了在冬天度过冬眠期。 pack up整理;把…打包,bring up提出;教育;养育;呕出;take up拿起;开始从事;占据(时间,地方),build up逐渐积聚,集结;逐步建立;增进,增强。在本句中build up fat stores表示积累脂肪储存。
7. D。本题考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:习惯上,大学生举行毕业典礼是为了在他们开始自己的生活旅程之前鼓励自己。A,B,C三个选项的意思分别是“放弃”,“安下心来,定居”,“通过,做完”,均不符合句意,排除。set off on“开始……”合语境。
8. B。本题结合介词短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意:查看一下储存的(in store)胡萝卜、土豆、洋葱和其他所有蔬菜,然后把任何有腐烂迹象的都立即用掉或扔掉。in demand非常需要的,受欢迎的;on loan借出的,借来的;on sale廉价出售的。据句意选B。
9. D。本题考查介词短语辨析。句意:开始你自己的事业可能是一种获得经济独立的方法。另一方面,它可能将你置于债务之中。由前句中的“是一种获得经济独立的方法”与后句中的“可能将你置于债务之中”可判断此处用表示转折关系的on the other hand(另一方面)。in other words换句话说;all in all总之;as a result结果。
10. B。本题考查介词短语意义辨析。句意:除了学校,村庄里还有一个诊所,该诊所也是在政府的资助下建起来的。in reply to 作为对……的答复;in addition to 除……之外(还);in charge of 负责,掌管;in place of代替,取代。根据句中的关键词also可知除了学校外(in addition to the school),村庄里还……,所以选择B项。
11. D。本题考查语境选词。句意:我们的俱乐部对任何人开放,无论什么年龄、性别或教育背景。due to“因为,由于”,后接原因;except for除……之外;along with和……一起;regardless of不管,不顾,不考虑。根据句中的关键词open to everyone可知,俱乐部是对所有人开放,因此是不管/不考虑(regardless of)年龄、性别或教育背景。答案选D。
12. D。本题结合介词短语意义辨析考查语意逻辑关系。句意:你没有理由失望。事实上,这可能会非常有趣。above all最重要的是;as a result结果;in addition况且,除此之外;as a matter of fact=in fact事实上,实际上。由disappointed 和amusing两词的对比可知,as a matter of fact符合两句之间的逻辑关系。答案选D。
13. A。本题考查“in+名词”构成的介词短语意义辨析。句意:在村子里待的那段时间,詹姆斯无私地同村民分享他所拥有的一切,而不要任何东西回报。in return作为回报;in common共有,共用;in turn相应地,轮流地,反过来,转而;in place在恰当的位置。由关键信息unselfishly shared和without asking for anything可知,此处表示“不要任何东西作为回报(in return)”。
14. C。本题结合in+n.构成的介词短语意义辨析考查语境选词。句意:汤姆总是在早晨慢跑,他通常也做俯卧撑来保持________。in place在适当的位置,在正确的位置,适当的,恰当的;in order整齐,秩序井然;in shape健康状况良好;in fashion流行。根据题干中的goes jogging(慢跑)和does push-ups(做俯卧撑)可知,是为了保持健康(stay in shape)。据语境选C。
15. B。考查短语辨析。句意:最近,一名画家坐轮渡到南岛,意外发现了一个失踪很久的古希腊花瓶。at random随意地;by chance偶然;in turn轮流,依次;on occasion有时,间或。这里表示坐轮渡的时候偶然发现了古董,因此选B项。
16. D。考查短语辨析。in particular尤其;in turn轮流;in charge负责;而in time 则有“及时;迟早”的意思。从前面的I am sure可知说话者确信经理迟早会看到公司的变化的,所以该题要用in time。题干的意思是:经理希望看到公司的变化,我确信他迟早会看到的。
17. A。考查介词短语。本题的意思是:史密斯太太发现她很难收拾这一片狼藉,因为每当她试图收拾时,她的孩子们总是妨碍她。首先了解四个选项的汉语意思。in the way表示“挡道,妨碍”;on watch值班,监视;in sight看得见;on the line处于危险中。由题干中的关键信息hard可知此处填in the way“挡道,妨碍”。
18. B。根据后半句句意:我祝愿你回国的旅途愉快。可知答案,即我代表这里的每个人。by means of用,凭借;on behalf of代表;in search of寻找;for fear of担心。答案选B。
19. C。考查介词短语辨析。题干的意思是:如果你到商店买来我们晚饭所需要的东西,这就算帮大忙了;在此期间,我将摆好餐桌。as a result结果,因此;on the whole从整体而言;in the meanwhile在此期间,与此同时;as a matter of fact事实上。由题干意思可知正确答案为C项。
20. D。本题中四个选项均为常见的介词短语。根据句意:当我收到你的电子邮件时,我总是很高兴。关于7月1日的聚会,我将很乐意参加。可知,答案为with regard to。on account of因为,由于;in response to对……作出回应;in view of 考虑到,鉴于;with regard to关于,至于。据语境答案选D。
21. D。首先了解这四个选项的汉语意思。A项out of question毫无疑问;B项out of order发生故障;C项out of sight看不见;D项out of place不合适的, 不恰当的, 不相称的。题中的关键信息为suits适合和but,由前半句的意思“因其现代的风格和明亮的颜色,这件家具适合现代房子和花园”和后半句的意思:是在传统家庭的花园里看上去就了。可知此处表示“不适合,不恰当”,因此选D。句意:这件家具,式样现代,颜色明亮,适合现代房子和花园,但是在传统家庭的花园里看上去就不适合了。答案选D。
22. D。 短语辨析。句意:他好像给人一种他在巴黎玩得不愉快的印象。恰恰相反,他玩得非常愉快。above all 最重要的是;what’s more 更重要的是;as a result 结果是;on the contrary恰恰相反。前后两个句子表示的意思相反,因此选择D项。答案选D。
2017届高考英语大一轮复习课件:必修5 unit1 Great Scientists(新人教版)
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