英语基础知识 冠词的讲解与训练
冠词
知识要点
冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词所指的人或事，一般没有句子重音。
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the）和零冠词。
疑难突破
1. 不定冠词的用法：
1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A car is a machine that can run fast.
2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A man is waiting for Tom.
3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We work nine hours a day.
4 表示相同相当于the same They are nearly of an age.
5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Mike came to see him when you were at school.
That writer is rather a Luun.
6 用于固定词组中 a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 John is as clever a boy as you can wish to meet.
用an或是a，不是有后面的词的首字母是否是原音决定的，而是由首字母的发音是否是原音决定的 At an early age, she began to like it.在早年，她就开始喜欢它。
It's a used tool, so it is smooth.
那是一件被用过了的工具，所以很光滑。
There is an hour left.还剩一小时。
2. 定冠词的用法：
1 表示某一类人或物 The dog is a useful animal.
2 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the poor, the dead, the green
3 用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar
4 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind my opening the door?
5 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the earth, the sun, the Pacific Ocean
6 表示一家人或夫妇 the Smith, the Hongs
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the shorter of the two boys.
8 用于党派、国家等以及江、河、湖、海及山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.
10 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前 He hit me on the shoulder.
11 用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the truck by the hour.
12 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1980s
3.零冠词的用法：
1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Mike,Wuhan University, Jack, China, love, air
2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. /
Whose purse is this?
3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示泛指的复数名词前 pens are useful tools.
5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 writer and poest, knife and fork, day and night
8
表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Mary was made monitorof our class.
注意：
高考一般偏重于考查冠词的特指、泛指、零冠词的用法及其加在形容词前面表示一类人或事物等较多。
即学即练
1. We can never expect _______ bluer sky unless we create _______ less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
2. The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of _______ 9-story building.
A. the; the
B. a; a
C. a; the
D. the; a
3. Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather
around the world.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. an; the
D. the; a
4. Let’s go to cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for_______while.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. a ; a
5. What pity that you couldn’t be there to receive _______ prize!
A. a; a
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. the; the
6. In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.
A. the; a
B. a; a
C. the; the
D. a; the
7.I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got _______ rough idea of ______ project plan.
A. the; a
B. 不填; the
C. the; 不填
D. a; the
8, Washing machines made by China have won______worldwide attention and Haier has become______popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a
C. /; the D. the; a
9. What I need is______book that contains ______ABC of oil painting.
A. a; 不填
B. the; 不填
C. the; an
D. a; the
10.Let’s go to ______ cinema – that’ll take your mind off the problem for _____while.
A. the; the
B. the; a
C. a; the
D. a; a
冠词
即学即练
1. A。这两空都是泛指。第一空泛指蔚蓝的天空；第二空泛指没有污染的世界。
2.B。第一空泛指蓝鲸，第二空泛指一幢九层的高楼。
3.A 。考查冠词用法。Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指，weather 这里是特指全球的气候，根据the weather around the world 可知。
4.B。 考查冠词的用法。go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while 固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。
5.C 。考查冠词。第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that…，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。
6.B 。 考查冠词的用法。该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。
7.D。第一空是泛指，修饰可数名词单数用a，第二空是特指心目中所知道的项目计划。
8.B。第一空不可数名词泛指，不用冠词。第二空泛指一个受欢迎的名字用a。
9.D。第一空是泛指一本书。第二空是特指油画ABC。
10.B。考查冠词。go to the cinema属于固定词组“去电影院”；for a while表示短暂的时间，“一会儿”。句意：咱们去看电影吧，这样就会暂时忘记这个烦恼。