专题1
名词与冠词
【易错雷区，步步为赢】
(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
2.(2015·江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
3.(2015·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
4.(2015·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
5.(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some
(think) and then let me know.
6.(2017·安徽)—Why not buy a second－hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
(suggest).
7.(2017·湖北)Her
(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get
the right to higher education.
8.(2015·江苏)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
9.(2015·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
10.(2015·重庆)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
11.(2015·陕西)
more learned a man is，
more modest he usually becomes.
12.(2015·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
(2017·陕西)
village where I was born has grown into
town.
14.(2017·天津)Life is like
ocean：Only
strong－willed can reach the other shore.
答案 an；the
(2017·浙江)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days
week，often long into
night.
【名师点睛，易错起源】
易错起源1
望词生义
例1．【2015·福建】24.The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue
C. excuse
D. Factor
【变式探究】(2017·浙江卷)We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)
【名师点睛】
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：
(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)
(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)
易错起源2
误用冠词
例2、(2015·新课标Ⅱ，42改编)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________most modern of architects and engineers.
【变式探究】(2017·重庆卷)I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
【名师点睛】
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he knows a lot.
他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。
9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。
by bus 乘公共汽车
by plane/by air 乘飞机
by land 走陆路
by sea 走海路
by phone 用电话
by letter 用信件
by post 用邮寄
by hand 用手工
10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3
序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词
例3．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.
A．/；a；the
B．the；the；a
C．/；the；a
D．a；the；the
【名师点睛】
1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
A teacher shouldn't talk like that.
教师不应当那样讲话。
2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。
We'll have to do it a second time.
我们得再做一次。
He is a most wise man.
他是一个十分明智的人。
3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.
他是事业成功人士。
4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.
一位史密斯先生想见你。
5．用于of短语中表示“同一”(＝the same)。
Tom and Kate are of an age.
汤姆与凯特同岁。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
在不确定第一空的情况下，考生容易误选D项。原因在于认为序数词前要使用定冠词。
易错起源4
名词固定搭配
例4．(2017·福建卷短文填词)The smallest good habits can make a big ________.
【名师点睛】高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。如：have a good reputation，take advantage of和in great demand, in quantity.
在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。
易错起源5
名词的一词多义与熟词新义
例5、—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.(strength, talent, ability, skill)
【名师点睛】
名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如interest既要知道它有“兴趣，趣味”的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：“利益；好处”。