2016届高考英语考前必做黄金易错点：专题05 动词及动词短语（专题）（原卷版）

　　专题5

　　动词及动词短语

　　【易错雷区，步步为赢】

　　( 2015·江苏)The university started some new language programs to cater

　　the country's Silk

　　Road Economic Belt.

　　2.(2015·江苏)The whole team count

　　Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

　　3.(2015·湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies

　　his ability to communicate

　　with foreigners in English.

　　4.(2015·湖北)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn

　　sooner or later.

　　5.(2015·陕西)Peter will take

　　his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.

　　6.(2015·天津，10)Tom had to turn

　　the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too

　　busy.

　　7.(2015·福建)It is said that body language account

　　55 per cent of a first impression while what

　　you say just 7 per cent.

　　8．Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully，the company should ________its original marketing methods.

　　A．account for

　　B.reflect on

　　C．work out D．call up

　　9．Hard work and lack of sleep have________her beauty and youth in recent years.

　　A．worn out

　　B.tried out

　　C．made out

　　D.sent out

　　0．They are broadening the bridge to________the flow of traffic.

　　A．put off B.speed up

　　C．turn on D．work out

　　【名师点睛，易错起源】

　　易错起源1、考查动词辨析

　　例1．Much as he ________he has a good command of English，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.

　　A．announces

　　B．declares

　　C．claims

　　D．confirms

　　Try not to cough more than you can ________

　　since it may cause problems to your lungs.

　　A.

　　check

　　B．allow

　　C．stop

　　D．help

　　【名师点睛】

　　高考常考的几组动词词义辨析

　　1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy

　　injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤

　　hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害

　　wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害

　　destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”

　　I didn't want to hurt his feelings.

　　我不想伤害他的感情。

　　He was wounded in the battle.

　　他在战斗中负过伤。

　　2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win

　　beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”

　　hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中

　　strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打

　　defeat (＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体

　　win 是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词

　　Our team beat the American team by eight.

　　我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。

　　She hit him out of anger.

　　她生气地打了他一下。

　　The tower was struck by lightning.

　　该塔被闪电击中了。

　　He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.

　　他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。

　　【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的区别

　　adopt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养

　　attach vt. 把……附(在……上)；重视

　　attach much importance to... 非常重视……

　　adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于

　　adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于

　　This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.

　　这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。

　　Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.

　　为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。

　　Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.

　　父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠

　　易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义

　　例2．(2015·浙江)Body language can give

　　a lot about your mood，so

　　standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.

　　【变式探究】 We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to

　　it.It might be valuable.

　　A.hold on to

　　B.keep up with

　　C.turn to

　　D.look after

　　【名师点睛】

　　多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。

　　以下为常见短语动词 :

　　一、动词 + 介词/副词

　　短语

　　例句

　　Act on照……行事 He acts on principles.

　　answer for对……负责 You will answer for what you’ve done.

　　Arm...against带武器以防 He armed himself against wild animals.

　　agree with同意(某人) I agree with her.

　　agree to同意(建议等) They agreed to the proposal.

　　apree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等) They agreed on the question.

　　arrive at／in到达(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at five o’clock yesterday mornring.

　　Atm at 瞄准 He aimed the gun at the bird.

　　Ask after 问候 My fater asked after you.

　　Ask for 请求 The boy asked for more food.

　　borrow．．．from从……借来 He borrowed a like from Mary.

　　believe in 信任 We all believe in her.

　　belong to 属于 The house belongs to me.

　　burst into突然……起来 She burst into tears at the news.

　　begin at从(页)开始 Today we shall begin at page 40.

　　Babe...on 根据 he based the conclusion on experiments.

　　beat about the bush绕弯子 Tell me the truth. Don’t beat about the bush.

　　Consist of由……组成 The society consists of five members.

　　congratulate……on祝贺 We congratulated

　　her

　　on winning the contest.

　　come to an end 结束 The talk come to an end at ten.

　　compare．．．to 把……比作 He compared the young to the rising sun.

　　compare．．．with同……相比 She compared the blue pen with the red pen.

　　carebr喜欢；照料 He doesn’t care for playing football.

　　Change．．．for用……交换 He changed his radio for a recorder.

　　ChanSe from．．．to从……转到 She changed from team A to team B.

　　clear up 放晴 The weather cleared up in the afternoon.

　　come across偶然碰到 I came across an old friend in the street.

　　come into想出；进入 An idea suddenly came into my mind.

　　ca11 up 打电话 I shall call her up soon.

　　Csll for 叫(人) He will call for you in the evening.

　　call for 为……叫喊 He heard someone calling for help.

　　cdll on 访问(某人) She will call on a friend on Sunday.

　　cdll on 号召 The Party called on us to study hard.

　　Cure...of 治愈 Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.

　　depend on 依靠 He depended on his mother in life.

　　disagree with与……意见不同 He disagreed with her over the plan.

　　Die of 因……病、饥饿等而死 The man died of cancer.

　　Die from 因……伤、意外等而死 The died man died from a serious wound.

　　Die for 为……而死 He died for the people.

　　devote to把……用于 she devoted all her money to huvine books.

　　enged in 从事，忙于 He is engaged in writing new book.

　　End with以……结束 The party ended with dancing.

　　fail in在……失败 She failed in winning the game.

　　find out查明 He has not found out the trouble yet.

　　give up 放弃 Never give up hope.

　　give over克服，渡过 You’ll soon get over your shyness.

　　Get on(／off) 上车(／下车) She got on the bus at Gulou Square.

　　Get on进展 He is getting on well in the work.

　　Get ready for准备好 He has got ready for the journey.

　　Get in 收进 The peasants

　　got

　　in

　　the wheat in May.

　　grow up 长大，发展 The children have already grown up.

　　give in 投降(让步) They gave in at last.

　　Get up 起床 She gets up early every morning.

　　Go on 继续 The meeting went on deep into the night.

　　go all out 竭尽全力 They went all out to build the airport.

　　So through通过；细察 She went through the book before buying it.

　　go over复习，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times.

　　go down(日，月)落下，下沉 The moon has gone down.

　　go without 放弃，没有也行 He had to go without food.

　　Hand in交进来 They handed in their papeps.

　　Have nothing to do with 与……无关 He has nothing to do with the matter.

　　Have some thing to do with 与……无关 Does she have anything to do with the case?

　　Head for 朝……去 The ship is heading for the nearest port.

　　Help with 帮助 He helped her with her English.

　　Help...in在……帮助 He helped her in study in English.

　　Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to come.

　　introduce．．．to．．．介绍 She introduced me to her father.

　　inspire．．．with．．．以……激发 He inspired them with courage.

　　insist on坚持 She insisted on doing it that way.

　　interfere with(in) 妨碍；干涉 Don’t interfere

　　With

　　his work.

　　join in 参加(活动) she also joined in the dancing.

　　join sb. in 加入某人从事 He joined us in watering the tees.

　　keep on 继续 She kept on making experinents.

　　Knock at敲(门等) Someone is knocking at the door.

　　loog for渴望 I’m longing for a letter from him.

　　look up查寻；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.

　　look upon．．．as把……看作 Do you look upon him as a good friend?

　　learn．．．by heart 背会 She has learnt it by heart.

　　Leave for动身去 He is leaving for Nanjing next week.

　　look for寻找 The police are looking for the lost car.

　　Lie in 位于 The town lies in the hills.

　　live on 靠……生活，以……为主食 Sheep live on grass.

　　laugh at 对……笑，嘲笑 Don’t laugh at others.

　　look throut 翻阅；浏览 The boy looked through the picture book.

　　Mix．．．with 同……混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each other.

　　meetwith 遇到 She met with some difficulties.

　　make up one’s mind 决定 He has made up his mind what to say.

　　Owe to 归功于 He owed all his success to his parents.

　　Operate on为……手术 He operated on the wounded soldier.

　　Put．．．into 把……放入 She

　　put

　　the

　　book

　　into the bag.

　　play with 玩 The boy played with a toy tank.

　　Put up 举起 They put up their hands.

　　Put up挂起 She put up a picture on the wall.

　　Put off 推达 The match is put off owing to the rain.

　　Point out 指出 The teacher pointed out his mistakes.

　　preside over 主持(会议) Who is to preside over the meeting?

　　present...with 赠送 He presented her with a gold watch.

　　Put．．．across 使理解(相信) She didn’t put the meaning across very well.

　　Prevent．．．from 阻止 The

　　snow

　　prevented

　　him from coming.

　　persist in 坚持 He persisted in doing that.

　　Put...into practice实施 We shall put the plan into practice.

　　quarrel over 为……争吵

　　They quarrelled

　　over

　　the property.

　　quarrel with 同……争吵 She

　　quanelled

　　with

　　her mother.

　　Reply to 答复 He hasn’t replied to me yet.

　　recover from 恢复 She has recovered from her illness.

　　Rely on 依靠 He relied on his daughter in the past.

　　refrain from 设法不，忍住 Please refrain from smoking.

　　Rob...of...抢走 The pain robbed him of sleep.

　　Run over 辗过去 The bus run over his legs.

　　result from 由……引起 His illness results from overeating.

　　result in 导致 Overeating results in his illness.

　　Remember sb.to代问好 Please remember me to your mother.

　　Set about 着手干 They set about the work at once.

　　Set out 出发 They set out at dawn.

　　succeed in 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam.

　　Speak off 说到 She once spoke of the book to me.

　　Supply...with提供 They supplied the soldiers with weapons.

　　share in分担(享) He shared in her joys and sorrows.

　　share sth with sb

　　与某人共同使用 She shared a room with others.

　　settle in安顿下来 He settled in a small town.

　　See through 看透 I have already seen through the man.

　　See to it 保证 See to it that the work is done well.

　　send for 派人请 We have sent for the doctor.

　　Stand by 支持 We’ll stand by you in your hour of need.

　　Stand of 代表 What does “U.S,” stand far?

　　spend．．．on花费 She spent a lot of money on books.

　　show around 带…参观 He showed the guests around the city.

　　talk about 谈论 what

　　are

　　you taking

　　about ?

　　over 渡过 lie has tided over his illness.

　　turn against 背叛 She will never turn against her country.

　　turn into 变成 Water can turn into gas.

　　turn to 翻到，转向 Please turn to page 10.

　　think of 想念 We think of you all the time.

　　think

　　about(of) 考虑 They

　　are

　　thinking

　　about buying it.

　　turn on 打开 Please turn on the radio.

　　turn off 关掉 Please turn off the lights in the room.

　　tell．．．from 区分 I can’t tell her from her sister.

　　take off 脱去 She asked him to take off the cost.

　　turn out 关掉 He

　　forgot

　　to

　　turn

　　out the gas.

　　turn out 生产 The factory turns ont 100 cars per day.

　　turn round 绕着…转 The

　　earth

　　turns

　　round the sun.

　　turn up 出现 He didn’t turn up until eleven o’clock.

　　to begin with 首先 To begin with,we are short of money.

　　wait for 等待 We shall wait for you at the school gate.

　　watch out for提防 We should watch out for the enemy.

　　write to给……写信 He wrote to me last week.

　　wake up 醒来 She usually wakes up at five.

　　wipe out 消灭 The

　　enemy

　　troops

　　have been wiped out.

　　watch over 照看 The old should watch over the young.

　　二、过去分词 + 介词 （这类短语常同连系动词连用）

　　短

　　语 例句

　　be absorbed in全神贯注于 he is absorbed in reading.

　　be

　　brudened

　　with负重 he is burdened with a heavy load.

　　be connected

　　with同……有关，同……有联系 He is no longer connected with the company.

　　be covered with覆盖 The road is covered with snow.

　　be crowded with 挤满 She is dressed in red.

　　be dressed in穿着 She is dressed in red.

　　be engaged to与……订婚 Mary is engaged to John.

　　be

　　equipped

　　with 装备 He is experienced in mending bikes.

　　be experienced in对……有经验 He is experienced in mending bikes.

　　be filled with 填满 The hole is filled with ants.

　　be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food.

　　be interested in对……有兴趣 He is interested in the picture.

　　be joined to连接，结合 One pipe is joined to another.

　　be known as因……而知名 He is known as a painter..

　　be known for因……而出名 The hill is known for the temple

　　be looked on as作为…看待 He is looked on as their leader.

　　be made into被制成，使成为 The boy was made into an artist.

　　be made up of由……构成 A car is made up of many different parts.

　　be married to与……结婚 She is married to a musician.

　　be pleased with对……喜欢，满意 He

　　is

　　pleased

　　with

　　the work.

　　be prepared for准备好 They are prepared for the journey.

　　be regarded as被认为 He is regarded as the greatest poet.

　　be satisfied with对……满意 I am satisfied with your answer.

　　be ashamed of对……感到羞愧 She is ashamed of her action.

　　be tired of(sth)对……厌烦 He is tired of this kind of life.

　　be terrified at被……吓一跳 He is rerrified at the snake.

　　三、动词 + 名词 +介词

　　短语 例句

　　apply one’s mind to专心于 He applied his mind to study.

　　catch sight of瞧见，看见 I caught

　　sight

　　of

　　her just now.

　　catch(take)hold of抓住 He caught hold of the girl by the hand.

　　devote oneself to献身于，专心于 She

　　devotes

　　herself

　　to eaching.

　　devote one’s life to为……献身 He devotes his life to the research.

　　do(great)harm to对……危害(大) The rain

　　has

　　done

　　great harm to the crops.

　　do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈 Don’t do wrong to an innocent person.

　　feel pity for对……感到怜悯 He felt pity for the poor girl.

　　Fix one’s eyes on 凝视 He fixed his eyes on the girl.

　　form the habit of 养成……的习惯 He has formed the habit of getting up early.

　　Get a good hold of 抓牢 He got a good hold of the rope.

　　Get in touch with 同……取得联系 I got in touch with her by phone.

　　Get ird of 除去，摆脱 She has got rid of the had abit.

　　give dvice on提出……建议 He

　　gave

　　advice

　　on

　　city planning.

　　have none of不允许，不接受 He

　　will

　　have none of your empty promise.

　　have trust in 相信 She had trust in him.

　　have (no) difficulty in (没)有困难 He has difficultjy in doing the work .

　　have a word with同……谈话 I want to have a word with you.

　　have trouble in 在……有麻烦 She had trouble in the matter.

　　have a look at 看一下 Let me have a good at it.

　　have words with 同……口角(争吵) He had words with his wife.

　　have (show) interest in

　　对……有兴趣 He has great intertst in this kind of film.

　　have(deep)effect on 对……有(深远)影响 The book has great effect on his life.

　　have mercy on 同情，怜悯 He has no mercy on the poor old man.

　　have(take)pity on 同情 He has great pity on the sick boy.

　　have the honour of有幸…… he has the honour of meeting her there.

　　help oneself to请吃；自用 Please help yourself to some fruit.

　　keep a record of记录 She kept a record of her daily life.

　　make friends with 同……交朋友 He made fridnds with a foreign girl.

　　make fun of取笑 Don’t make fun of him.

　　make(the)best use of 充分利用 They make the best use of the money.

　　make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用 You shold make good use of your time.

　　make an apology to向……道歉 He made an apology to her.

　　make one’s way to走向 He made his way to the house.

　　make preparations for 准备 She is making preparations for the holiday.

　　make a dive for 猛冲 The dog make a dive for the bone.

　　make a mistake about为……产生误会 Don’t made a mistake about her.

　　make a study of 研究，学习 I shall make a study of the plan.

　　Pay attention to 注意 He paid much attention to her life.

　　pass a judgement on判决…… The court passed a judgement on the case.

　　Put one’s heart and soul into全神贯注于 She put her heart and sould into the work.

　　Set fire to放火、点火 They set fire to the home.

　　Show respect for 尊敬 They show respect for the old.

　　show mercy ot 同情 Never show mercy to the enemy.

　　Say

　　good-bey to 向……道别 They said good-bey to each other.

　　Say hello to 打招呼 He said hello to the students.

　　Set an example to树立榜样 He set an example to the young.

　　shake

　　hands

　　with握手 They shook hands with each other.

　　take aim at 瞄准 He took careful aim at the other.

　　take the side of 支持，站在一边 They took the side on the government.

　　throw light on 阐明，使人明白 His explanation threw light on the poem.

　　take pride in 因……而自豪 She took pride in her success.

　　take part in 参加 They took an active part in sports.

　　take delight in 以……为乐 He tood great delight in travel.

　　take a message for捎个口信 Please take a message for her.

　　四、动词 + 副词 + 介词

　　短语 例句

　　Add up to 总计为 The income adds up to 1000 dollars.

　　break away from 改掉，与……脱离关系 he has broken away from the bad habit.

　　be up to应由……，轮到…… It is up to her to answer the question.

　　Cut down on 削减 He has cut down on expese.

　　catch up with 赶上 I can catchup with them.

　　beat down on 直射 The sun beats down on the earth.

　　come up to达到(标准)比得上 The result didn’t come up to our expectations.

　　Com up against 遭到(反对、困难) The plan came up with them.

　　do well in在……做得好 He does well in the work.

　　drop in on 顺便来访 He drops in on us sometimes.

　　do away with

　　废除 They have done away with the old law.

　　face up to面对，承担 We must face up to the fact.

　　Fit in with 适合，符合 The clothes fit in with her.

　　fall back on 依靠 He has a good friend to fall back on.

　　Get through with

　　完成，花光 They have got through with the work.

　　Get down to 开始认真做 Let’s get down to business.

　　Get on(along)with

　　进展，相处 He got on well with people here.

　　Get out of 从……出来，摆脱 He got out of debt.

　　go on with 继续 They went on with the meeting.

　　go ahead of 先行 He went ahead of them.

　　go back of 背信，背弃 He went back on his promise.

　　Got out of从……出来 A rabbit went out of the hole.

　　go in for参加，爱好 He has gone in for the long jump.

　　grow out of 产生自 The tall tree grows out of a small seed.

　　go ahead with进行，继续下去 He went ahead with the work and got it done.

　　keep up with

　　跟上 She can’t keep up with others.

　　live up to 不辜负 We shall live up to his teachings.

　　look out for 提防，照看 Look

　　out

　　for

　　cars

　　when crossing the street.

　　look up to尊敬，仰望 They all looked up to him as their leader.

　　look back upon 回顾 He likes to look back upon his school days.

　　look down upon不轻视，重视 Don’t look down upon him.

　　look forward to 盼望 Don’t look down upon him.

　　Put up with 忍受，容忍 I just can’t put up with that kind of man.

　　Run up against 遇到 We often run up against new words.

　　Ran out of 用完 I have run out of ink.

　　think higlly of 高度评价 They think highly of his new novel.

　　watch out for 当心，提防 Watch out for thieves in the street.

　　work hard at 努力于 He works hard at his lessons.

　　五、动词 + 介词

　　短语 例句

　　arrive at a conclnsion得出结论 They arrived at a conclusion at last.

　　burst into pieces 成为碎片 The glass

　　has

　　burst

　　into

　　pieces.

　　burst into tears 突然大哭 She burst into tears at the news.

　　burst into laughter突然大笑 The girls burst into laughter.

　　come to sb’s help (aid)前来援助某人 Some

　　boys

　　came

　　to

　　her help.

　　come to the rescue前来营救 The firemen came to the rescue.

　　come into use开始使用，实施 The new tool come into use two years ago.

　　come into power当权，执政 The king came into power last year.

　　come into effect开始生效 The new rule will come into effect soon.

　　come into being产生，建立 The custom came into being long long ago.

　　come into light发亮 The star came into light at dawn.

　　come to conclusion得出结论 They will come to a conclusion.

　　do up one’s hair梳理头发 She is doing up her hair.

　　Fly into a temper耍脾气 He flew into a tempr at her words.

　　Get into trouble陷入麻烦 He has got into trouble in business.

　　Get in a word插话 Don’t get in a word.

　　help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起来 They helped her to her feet.

　　make up one’s mind下决心 He has made up his mind to do it.

　　play away one’s time虚度光阴 The man played away his time.

　　plunge into sorrow使陷入悲伤 He was plunged into deelp sorrow.

　　Put sth. to use使用，利用 You should put the dictionary to a good use.

　　Set to work开始工作 They set to work after a rest.

　　take on a new look呈现新面貌 The town has taken on a new look.

　　【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】

　　1.动词及动词短语几乎年年必考，所涉及到的动词知识都是常用，的常见的。

　　2.平时要进行大量的阅读，在阅读中去理解动语短语

　　get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,have,care,pay,hold,keep,think,hear,make,give,hend,deal,ask等。