2016届江苏宿迁宿豫中学高考英语专题复习精练：阅读理解（10）

　　阅读理解（10）

　　A

　　When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in very country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

　　More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to slove common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

　　Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build­up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

　　1. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?

　　A. By solving the cost problems.

　　B. By solving the transportation problems.

　　C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

　　D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

　　2. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?

　　A. Providing food is vital.

　　B. Learning to fish is helpful.

　　C. Teaching skills is essential.

　　D. Looking after other is important.

　　3. The second paragraph is developed mainly________.

　　A. by exampleB. by process

　　C. by comparison

　　D. by contrast

　　4. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

　　A. A medical team.

　　B. An exchange program.

　　C. A water plant.

　　D. Financial support.

　　5. What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

　　A. It is facing difficulties.

　　B. It is unnecessary during normal times.

　　C. It should be given in the form of materials.

　　D. It has gained support from developed countries.

　　[文章大意]　本文是一篇议论文。作者在文章中阐述了自己对国际援助的看法：授人以鱼，不如授人以渔。

　　1．C。考查细节理解。从第一段的最后一句可知，联合国组织可以建立乐于奉献的团体，然后通过他们及时把救助品分发给那些受灾的人。所以选C项。

　　2．C。考查推理判断。画线句子的意思是”授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，这句话告诉我们：教会别人技能非常重要。所以选C项。

　　3．A。考查写作手法。作者在第二段先引用一句谚语，然后通过例子来阐述。由此可以推断第二段是通过举例子开展的。所以选A项。

　　4．D。考查推理判断。第二段提到了多种援助的形式，如：分享在农业、医学和卫星等方面的技术；建设纯净水厂；建学校；交流学生。由第二段最后一句可知，以上的援助形式能够发挥真正的作用，故选D。

　　5．A。考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后一句可知，从长远看，真正有效的国际援助形式是分享知识。其他形式的援助只能解一时的困难。所以选A项。

　　B

　　EP Portable Heater

　　We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world,

　　the new EP heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.

　　The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.

　　The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, you'll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.

　　The advanced EP also heats the room

　　evenly,_wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.

　　The EP comes with a 3­year warranty (保修) and a 60­day, no questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied,

　　return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.

　　Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. If you order after that,

　　we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.

　　Take action right now!

　　6. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

　　A. The heat of the EP.

　　B. The safety of the EP.

　　C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.

　　7. From the passage,

　　we can learn that the EP________.

　　A. doesn't burn up oxygen

　　B. runs without any noise

　　C. makes people get sleepy

　　D. is unsuitable for children and pets

　　8. The underlined word

　　“evenly” in Paragraph 4

　　probably means________.

　　A. continuously

　　B. separately

　　C. quickly

　　D. equally

　　9. The main purpose of the passage is to________.

　　A. persuade people to buy the product

　　B. advise people to save on heating bills

　　C. report the new development of portable heaters

　　D. compare the functions of different heater brands

　　[文章大意]　无可比拟的高强性能，无与伦比的优质服务，无法想象的价格优惠，一款新型便携式加热器惊艳亮相！机不可失，失不再来，心动不如行动，此时不买，更待何时？

　　6．B。主旨大意题。这段主要介绍了此款加热器不会引起火灾、烧伤孩子或宠物，由此可知本段主要在讲加热器的安全性，故此题选择B项。

　　7．A。细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句话“The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room.”可知此题选择A项。

　　8．D。词义猜测题。根据本段内容可知，此款加热器可以很均匀地加热屋子而不像其他加热器那样只加热屋子中心部分，故此题选择D项equally平等地、均匀地。

　　9． A。推理判断题。全文一直在介绍加热器的优点，倒数第二段提到了打折，最后一段号召大家赶快行动，从这些方面都可以看出这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们买此产品，故选择A项。

　　C

　　Generally, the theory of the “wisdom of the crowd” has been true：Choices made by many are usually better than those made by a few or one. But new research from Arizona State University and Uppsala University in Sweden adds a warning to that notion,

　　showing that crowds might be wise when it comes to making tough choices.

　　But when the alternative is easy, the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.

　　For this study, the researchers divided ants into different groups. They were tasked with something humans might relate well to:

　　apartment hunting.

　　Specifically,

　　they were supposed to move from their existing dwelling to a new “house”—one of two pieces of hollowed­out wood, one of which was darker than the other. And if you're an ant, darker is better.

　　When they were hunting as a group, the ants made their choice by checking out the two houses.

　　When the difference

　　between the two houses was significant, the group of ants tended to make the wrong decision more often than an individual

　　ant house­hunting by himself.

　　“Out of 100 ants evaluating a poor nest,10 of them start bringing nestmates to the poor nest without visiting the other

　　nests.

　　The ants who rejected it eventually find the other nest and compare, but by that time, the ‘rash decision­making’ ants have already recruited many nestmates from the home to the poor nest, so the ‘careful decision­making’

　　ants may not

　　contribute much to the colony's decision.”

　　Personally,

　　these ants reminded me of soccer riots(骚乱),

　　mass attacks, or even the decision to join terror groups. We can sometimes be fooled into making an extremely poor choice － even when a much better alternative is clearly available—simply because those around us have made rash decisions and we're following their lead.

　　1．We know from the passage that

　　________.

　　A. the tougher the task is, the more often the crowd have no way out

　　B. it's possible for the crowd to act foolishly when facing an easy choice

　　C. most of the ants regarded the poor nest as a comfortable place

　　D. the research was carried out in a new house

　　2．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

　　A. In this research, different groups of ants were faced with two choices.

　　B. Human beings are also likely to be fooled into acting foolishly.

　　C．A single ant is more likely to be correct because he is independent.

　　D. Ants are extremely fond of making their nests in a bright place.

　　3．What is probably the best title for the article?

　　A. There's Strength in Numbers

　　B. The Majority Have the Truth on Their Sides

　　C. The Stupidity of the Crowd

　　D. The Minority Should Submit to the Majority

　　[文章大意]　

　　都说“星多天空亮，人多智慧广”。人越多，智慧真的越广吗？科学家研究发现，并非总是这样。

　　1．B。考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的最后一句“But when the alternative is easy，the crowd can actually be pretty dumb.”可知，B是答案；A项的意思正好与B项相反，细读第一段可以排除；根据倒数第二段的第一句，我们可以排除C项，因为文章说只有10%的蚂蚁可能会对住所误判；根据第二段的倒数第二句我们可以排除D项，文章说研究是在两根木头中进行的。

　　2．D。考查细节理解。文章的第二段和第三段都提到这点，它们要在dark

　　house和not dark house之间做出选择，故A项正确；由最后一段可知B项正确；第三段讲到了“一群蚂蚁更易作出错误的决定”，故C项与作者观点一致。根据笫二段的最后一句“假如你是蚂蚁，越暗越好”可知，D项与之相悖，故选D项。

　　3．C。考查标题判断。根据文章讲述的研究内容和研究结论，我们不难看出作者的意图并不在于颂扬“人多力量大”“真理总是掌握在多数人手里”“少数服从多数”，而在于指明“众人的愚蠢”。