阅读理解（14）
A
Travellers to developing countries should start with longterm basic health protection. This means vaccinations(疫苗接种) against polio, tetanus and hepatitis A.
Other vaccinations will depend on where you are going, local conditions and your possible environment. Visitors to Yellow Fever areas such as West Africa should certainly be vaccinated against it.
Check links for the latest news and don't forget your travel insurance. It's really worth the money.
Water：
In developing countries avoid drinking or even brushing your teeth with tap water. Drink bottled water and check that the cap is well sealed(封闭) when you buy it. Turning it upside down and watching for drops is one method of checking.
If you can't buy it,
purify it by boiling.
Do not take ice in your drinks, unless it is frozen mineral water.
Tea, coffee，and soft drinks are fine from the bacteria point of view, though not so fine from a thirst point of view.
Don't share water bottles with other travellers unless you want to share their bacteria too.
Water filters (过滤器) are OK in theory but can break easily and usually don't filter some serious bacteria, such as hepatitis A and E.
Force yourself to drink clean water, lots of it, if you want to avoid headaches and tiredness from a thirst.
Water requirements at home are 6 glasses per day, so increase that figure by at least 3 times in tropical environment.
Food：
Avoid ice cream from unhealthy sources, raw fish, salad and uncooked food — unless you can peel it yourself. Most cases of diseases come from unclean food, not unclean water.
Eat where it's busy. This means that the food is good or cheap or safe to eat!
1．When you plan to travel to developing countries you should first ________.
A．choose countries where you will feel it convenient to travel
B．make a good preparation to avoid being harmed or injured
C．consider taking as much healthy food and clean water as possible
D．check links for the latest news and buy your travel insurance
2．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about traveling in developing countries?
A. Salad is a kind of good food to eat when you are hungry.
B. You'd better choose a busy restaurant to eat in.
C. Soft drinks, coffee and tea are suitable to drink.
D. Drinking more water is reasonable when in a hot country than at home.
3．In which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?
A. Education. B. Sports.
C. International News.
D. Health &Travel.
[文章大意] 文章就到发展中国家旅游给出了一些关于饮食健康方面的建议。
1．B。细节理解题。从文章的第一句话“Travellers to developing countries should start with longterm basic health protection.”可知，答案为B。
2．A。细节理解题。Food 部分的第一句中的“Avoid ice cream from unhealthy sources,
raw fish, salad and uncooked food”可知，应避免食用色拉。
3．D。文章出处题。从文章的内容可以看出其主题是旅游时的健康问题，所以D项正确。
B
Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don't want to hear.
It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic (有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy (心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.
4. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means________.
A. preparing a topic list first
B. focusing on one's own mind
C. directing the talk to the desired results
D. experiencing the speaker's inside world
5. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A. How to listen well.
B. What to listen to.
C. Benefits of listening.
D. Problems in listening.
6. According to the author, in communication people tend to________.
A. listen actively
B. listen purposefully
C. set aside their prejudices
D. open up their inner mind
7. According to the author, the patients improved mainly because________.
A. they were taken good care of
B. they knew they were truly listened to
C. they had partners to talk to
D. they knew the roots of problems
8. What type of writing is the article likely to be?
A. Science fiction.
B. A news report.
C. A medical reports.
D. Popular science.
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是认真倾听别人的好处以及如何认真倾听别人，并且作者发现认真倾听病人对他们的病也有一定的疗效。
[长难句解读] Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively.
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句是what we are usually doing is listening selectively，主句中的主语是主语从句what we are usually doing；Even though引导的是让步状语从句，从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
译文：即使我们可能在商业交易或者社会交往中觉得自己在认真地倾听别人，但我们通常做的事情是有选择地倾听别人。
4. D。考查句意理解。从上文中的“to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside”可知，画线部分指的是要理解说话者的内心世界。所以选D项。
5. A。考查段落大意。从第二段中的“Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.”及“Bracketing”，“Moreover”等关键信息可知，本段主要讲的是如何认真倾听，故选A项。
6. B。考查细节理解。从第三段中的“Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知，在交流中，人们总是有选择、有目的地听别人讲话。所以选B项。
7. B。考查细节理解。从最后一段中的“but chief among them，I believe，was the patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years，and for some，perhaps for the first time ever”可知，作者认为，病人好转的主要原因是：有人真正倾听他们。所以选B项。
8. D。考查推理判断。本文主要讲的是认真倾听别人的好处，如何认真倾听别人及认真倾听对病人的作用。这是有关科学的内容。因此可以得知本文可能是科普文。所以选D项。
C
Research suggests that if a woman runs her household without any help, she has less interest in scaling the career ladder.
But the reason for this is not quite what you might expect, such as being too tired. According to experts, the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work. If she were indeed to “have it all”—a family life, a love life and a career —she would need to be prepared to carve up some of the home decisions with her spouse, a study suggests.
The study asked 136 men and women aged 18 to 30 whether being in control of household decisions is something they desire. Both sexes agreed that being in charge is an advantage. Then, 150 women were asked to imagine being a married mother and either making most of the household decisions or making them jointly with her husband. Those who had imagined being in control at home placed less value on things such as earning a high salary than those who had imagined sharing the running of the household.
Then, almost 650 men and women were asked to imagine one of the same two scenes but with division of household chores. The men's interest in work was not affected by thoughts of being in charge at home. And if a woman imagined having to do all the chores, without making the decisions at home, she was still hungry for power in the workplace.
Researcher Professor Serena Chen said，“This suggests it is the power aspect of household control that reduces women's interest in power outside of the home. To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields, our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.”
1．What could be learned from the text?
A. Women are fond of doing household tasks.
B. Women have no interest in the office work.
C.
Women can do well at home or beyond if they share household decisions with men.
D. Women can do well at home as well as in the workplace.
2．What leaves women with less of a thirst for a successful career?
A. Pressure from household tasks.
B. Lack of working experience.
C. Poor physical and mental state.
D. Satisfaction of being in charge of household tasks.
3．Professor Serena Chen suggested that ________.
A. it was hard to realize true gender equality
B. men must work as household directors
C. men and women should share household decisions
D. women should be as wise as men
4．Who would be most interested in the text?
A. Researchers. B. Breadwinners.
C. Employers.
D. Working mothers.
[文章大意] 女性如果想在事业上有所建树，她们就得把管理家庭事务的权力放一放。
1．C。考查文意理解。从全文对研究内容和结果的论述可知，妻子想在事业上成功，她就得和丈夫共同决策家庭事务。第二段最后一句也有明确提示。
2．D。考查细节理解。从第二段中信息“the satisfaction of being in charge of daytoday domestic tasks leaves mothers with less of a thirst for success at work”可知，女性从掌管家庭事务中获得的满足感导致她们对成功事业的渴望减少。
3．C。考查细节理解。从最后一段中的“To realise true gender equality in both private and public fields, our results suggest women may need to at least partially give up the role of household directors and men must share such decisionmaking.”可知，Professor Serena Chen 认为夫妻应当分享家庭决策权。
4．D。考查推理判断。文章研究妇女怎样才能在事业上成功，因此对该文章最感兴趣的应该是职业妈妈，所以D项正确。
D
The United States Department of Agriculture has a program called Wildlife Services. Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.
Often that means helping farmers deal with unwelcome visitors. This organization has experts from different fields and it has set up thousands of inquiry agencies all over the country where farmers can explain their difficulty and get practical help.
One example from Wildlife Services of its work involved a farmer in Washington State, in the Pacific Northwest. Several years ago, thousands of Canada geese landed on his fields. The geese began to eat his carrot crop. Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noisemaking devices and other measures to scare the large birds away. These efforts apparently succeeded, which made the farmer quite happy.
Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.
The program just offers suggestions to keep those unwelcome visitors away instead of killing them. Experts suggest providing secure shelter for chickens, sheep and other animals that could be attacked. They also suggest using lights above places where animals are kept. And they advise people who see coyotes around their property to chase them away by shouting, making loud noises or throwing rocks. For home gardeners, a twometer fence might help keep out deer. To keep out rabbits, a wire fence has to be only about a halfmeter high.
It should extend fifteen centimeters underground to keep rabbits from digging under it.
If snakes are a problem, remove dead trees and cut high grass to destroy their hiding places. And to protect livestock, consider using guard animals such as dogs and donkeys, which are very effective. Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.
1. The underlined phrase “unwelcome visitors” in the first paragraph refers to
________.
A. animals that attack the farmers
B. people who don't care about wildlife
C. animals that do harm to the crops or livestock
D. people who pollute the environment of the farms
2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.
A. the farmer didn't have a gun to kill those Canada geese
B. Wildlife Services involves some biologists in its group
C. the carrot crop was eaten up by the Canada geese
D. the farmers like to eat Canada geese very much
3. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
A. Ways to protect livestock.
B. Ways to deal with coyotes.
C. How to protect crops.
D. How to find wildlife.
4. How is the program getting along?
A. It remains to be improved.
B. It is very popular among experts.
C. It is well received by the local government.
D. Farmers in the U．S., Canada and Mexico think it effective.
[文章大意] Wildlife Services在保护农业方面卓有成效的工作使其受到了农民的欢迎。
1. C。考查名词指代。由第一段第二句话“Its job is to help protect agricultural and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.”可知，Wildlife Services是帮助农民驱走危害农作物和家畜的动物的一个组织。
2. B。考查推理判断。由第二段中的“Biologists from the program suggested that the farmer use noisemaking devices and other measures to scare the large birds away.”可知，B项正确。
3. A。考查段落大意。第三段首句“Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.”是主题句，下面的内容都是围绕这一主题进行的。
4. D。考查细节理解。由文章最后一句“Due to its effective work, ever since the Wildlife Services was started, it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.”可知答案。