【考向解读】
特殊句式为高中阶段学生应该掌握的基础语法，在近年的高考试卷中，都会出现这方面的考查的试题。尤其是省略句、 强调句、倒装句、主谓一致、There be 句型、感叹句、祈使句等方面。其中省略句、强调句、主谓一致是考查的重点。 具体掌握这些句式的结构、分析这些句式的构成是十分重要的。除此之外，感叹句主要考查what和how的选取，倒装句主要考查其在高考书面表达中的应用。所以在高考备考中， 该部分内容仍需要重点掌握，以便有充分的能力应对高考。
【命题热点突破一】 倒装句
例1．(2015·高考天津卷，T3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.
A．she realized
B．has she realized
C．she has realized
D．did she realize
答案：D
【变式探究】
(2015·高考江苏卷，T28)It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule.
A．did I know
B．have I known
C．do I know
D．had I known
解析：考查虚拟语气在倒装句式中的应用。句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实 相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。
答案：D
【命题热点突破二】强调句
例2．(2015·高考重庆卷，T9)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A．while
B．though
C．that
D．after
解析：考查强调句型。巴赫于1750年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。it is/was...that...是强 调 句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。
答案：C
【变式探究】
(2015·高考湖南卷，T21)It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A．which
B．that
C．where
D．how
答案：B
【易错警示】强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语和状语等，但不能强调谓语。所强调的成分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。强调人时可用who或that，强调其他内容时只能用that。
【命题热点突破三】主谓一致
1．语法一致
主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but， except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天仅完成了60%的工作。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有三分之一的书值得一读。
One－third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.
三分之一的国土被树覆盖，而且大多数的公民是黑人。
(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数.
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
What he has said leaves much for us to think about.
他说的话发人深省。
(4)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.
二十年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。
20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money.
两万美元不是一笔小数目。
例3．(2015·高考湖南卷，T27)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and
often ________ years to achieve.
A．is；takes
B．are；takes
C．are；take
D．is；take
解析：考查主谓一致。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。
答案：A
【变式探究】
All we need________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A．are
B．was
C．is
D．were
答案：C
【命题热点突破四】省略
1．状语从句的省略
在时间、让步、方式、地点等状语从句中如果状语从句的 主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从 句的 谓语中有be动词,可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
2．不定式的省略
(1) 不定式作动词expect，refuse，mean，like，love，prefer，wish，hope，want等的宾语时，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但保留不定式符号to。
(2)当不定式在形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted，anxious等后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
例4．(2015·高考北京卷，T31)If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
A．to accept
B．accept
C．accepting
D．accepted
解析：考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。句中you与accept之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，所以答案为D。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词,补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。
答案：D
【变式探究】
(2015·高考湖南卷，T24)Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A．to leave
B．leaving
C．leave
D．left
答案：D
【高考真题解读】
1．(2017·高考湖南卷，T29)Only when you can find peace in your heart ________good relationships with others.
A．will you keep
B．you will keep
C．you kept
D．did you keep
解析：选A。考查部分倒装结构。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能维持人际关系的和谐。“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装语序。本题中，时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart被only修饰，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒装结构。注意：如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语，则不能用倒装。如：Only he was invited.只有他受到了邀请。
2．(2017·高考大纲全国卷，T26)________the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.
A．Not do only
B．Do not only
C．Only not do
D．Not only do
3．(2017·高考湖南卷，T30)________what you’re doing today important，because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A．Make
B．To make
C．Making
D．Made
解析：选A。考查祈使句。句意：让你今日所做之事重要起来，因为你是在用一天的生命换取它。根据本句中的you’re trading可知，说话的对象是you，这里用祈使句表示劝告，所以选择动词原形。
4．(2017·高考湖南卷，T21)Children，when________by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
A．to be accompanied
B．to accompany
C．accompanying
D．accompanied
解析：选D。考查状语从句的省略。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。
5．Anyone，once________positive for H7N9 flu virus，will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A．to be tested
B．being tested
C．tested
D．to test
解析：选C。考查省略。句意：任何人，一旦发现H7N9流感病毒检测(结果)呈阳性，将会免费接受政府的治疗。当状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，选C，该句可以还原为once anyone is tested。
6．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that
B．where
C．why
D．when
解析：选A。考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。句意：直到快写到信的结尾的时候，她才提到了她自己的计划。句中被强调的部分是时间状语not until near the end of the letter。
7．At no time ________the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke
B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break
D．they had actually broken
解析：选C。考查倒装句。否定词或否定短语放于句首，句子要不完全倒装，此处at no time(在任何时候都不，决不)引起句子不完全倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。根据题干时态标志词was可知选C。
8．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients treated
B．can the patients be treated
C．the patients can be treated
D．treated can be the patients
解析：选B。考查倒装句。“Only＋状语(从句)”放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。
9．I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven.________ I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident yesterday.
A．Only then
B．Now and then
C．It was then that
D．Since then
10．Although ________ by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged.
A．beating
B．beaten
C．having beaten
D．being beaten
解析：选B。考查省略。根据省略知识可知，在“although”之后省略了“they were”；根据省略的条件：主从句的主语一致，从句中含有系动词be的形式，就可以省略主语与系动词，故选B。