专题13 完形填空
【】2016年高考完形填空的命题将继续坚持“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词，淡化语法”的命题原则，继续加大对实词意义辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判断能力、连贯性思维能力和对语境的把握能力。
【热点突破】
一篇文章的首句，往往会是文章的主题句，是文章的中心、灵魂，常常包含对理解有用的信息，后面的内容都是围绕这个中心来展开或论述的。通过对首句句意、语境的理解可以快速判断文章的体裁、题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断故事发生的人物、时间、地点、天气、气氛等多方面的特征。
(2015·高考陕西卷节选)Dad had a green comb.He bought it when he married Mum.Every night__26__ and say，“Good girl，help Daddy clean it，OK？”et
C．comb
D．brush
【热点突破】
识别语篇标志即所谓的线索法指根据文章上下文所提供的语意标志词来进行推理和判断从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法：巧用转折关系标志词解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语如but等我们可利用这些转折线索词来解决问题。
(2015·高考重庆卷节选)I learned through another woman’s eyes that my daughter was still a good person despite her __27__
2．巧用因果关系标志词解题即根据上下文中表因果关系的线索词如because进行推断从而得出所需答案。
(2015·高考天津卷节选)Although her description sounded wonderful__18__ our range，so we declined.
18．A．below
B．within
C．beyond
D．between
3．巧用语篇标志线索词解题语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语如：表示结构层次的有firstly等；表示改变话题的有well等；表示时间关系的有before等。在做完形填空题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语就可以迅速理清文章的脉络弄清上下文的关系。
First of all______，I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk...Finally，I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.
A．Later
B．Secondly
4．巧用“排比平行排比平行结构”指的是结构相同或相似意思密切关联语气一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。排比平行结构的形式整齐、均匀内容联系紧密。高考完形填空的文章中常常会出现排比平行结构命题者常从这一结构句式相同或相似的角度利用其变相意义的关联或对比来设空。这一结构通常有固定的标志词。常见的并列连词或词组有and等平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形
(2015·高考四川卷节选)Slowly they came to __14__f my hand.
14．A．trust
B．miss
C．admire
D．appreciate
【热点突破】
完形填空题中虽然穿插了对词义辨析、固定搭配的考查但对文章故事情节发展的
1．利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。复现可以是相同的词重复出现也可以用不同的词表
(2015·高考北京卷节选)The next morning__38_(however)__，their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a __39__ under their door during the night.
...
“I heard you playing the other night，”she said.“The sounds woke me out of bed.I __49_(worried)__ that you might play like this every night.So I wrote a short note.I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”
39．A．note
B．poster
C．bill
D．report
利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓的逻辑关系并不缥缈它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系我们可以通
(2015·高考全国卷节选)As a parent__29_(hated)__ seeing my daughter playing her best，__30__ still defeated.
30．A．if
B．or
C．but
D．as
3．利用褒贬语境解题任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪并支撑着文章的发展。因此利用褒贬语境的情感性可以巧妙地进行完形填空题的信息推断。做题时要善于根据语境来揣测文章的褒贬一般情况下文章中都有这方面的暗示信息需要考生注意文章的情节发展、主人公的
(2015·高考天津卷节选)Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners__21__ of the marriage within that home.
21．A．pride
B．happiness
C．challenge
D．desire
【热点突破】
完形填空题的材料一般选的是原汁原味的英语文章其文化背景知
例4、(2015·高考全国卷节选)Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all __21__ places of learning.
【热点突破】
在有些情况下考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案又发现其他选项很明显是错误的可以尝试用排除法。考生可以根据空格的位置从语法结构、词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文语境、词义辨析等方面对选项逐个分析发现不合适的选项应立即排除。
(2015·高考陕西卷节选)I looked at him a while__37__ the comb and headed to the sink.
37．A．dropped
B．took
【方法技巧】
由于这些设空在文章
第一步 重视首句，把握开篇
认真阅读短文开头的一两句可判断文章的体裁，预测文章 的大意和主旨。
第二步 通读全文，把握大意
考生答题时，应首先把短文从头到尾快速阅读一遍，从整 体上感知全文，把握其大意。通读全文要一气呵成，尽管有 空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，只有这样才 能准确预测和推断文章的主旨，便于考生整体理解短文，形 成完整的思路。
第三步 细读全文，确定选项
应根据上下文的内在联系、短文自身完整的语境以及英语 单词词义的细微区别，综合运用已掌握的语言知识对选项进 行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。要理顺思路，前后参照， 上下贯通，仔细推敲，逐项排除与全文中心思想不一致的选项,
最后确定最能恰如其分地表达中心思想的正确选项。
第四步 重视复核，消除疏漏
要检查是否前后连贯，意思通顺。如果有些地方意义含混不
清或矛盾，就应该依据文章的主旨大意并结合上下文信息来
重新考虑，仔细权衡后加以改正。对于个别难度较大的空项,可以凭着自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的答案。
【热点突破】
完形填空所提供的是一篇完整的短文，其段与段、句与句甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。完形填空中每一个空格的设置都不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性。因此考生在选择答案时不要只注意选项所在的短语、句子或段落,还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。完形填空50%以上的题目都是语篇层次上的语意辨析，必须根据上下文的意思来判断。而断章取义、就题论题、忽略上下文的信息提示是考生常犯的错误。
(2015·高考全国卷节选)Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all __21(traditional)____22(lies)__ somewhere else instead.I had the __23(chance)__ of seeing this first hand on a __24(weekend)__．
My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team.They did very well this season and so __25__ a tournament，which normally was only for more skilled club teams.This led to some __26__ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams __27__ trained.
25．A．won
B．entered
C．organized
D．watched
26．A．painful
B．strange
C．common
D．practical
27．A．less
B．poorly
C．newly
D．better
【名师点睛】对这类题的解答要做到瞻前顾后，前后参照，科学推理。对于逻辑推理类题，要深入分析，通过句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系排除不恰当选项，逐步缩小范围；还要通过下文所提供的信息进行反向推断，此时要前后参照，用前面的事实推后面的结果，或用后面的结果验证前面的判断。运用逻辑推理解答完形填空必须做到有理、有据、合情合理，推理后的情节要与文章的主题相吻合，句子结构要完整、正确。因此，此类试题的解答原则是:力求掌握文章的主旨大意，借助语篇中或空格处临近的有效信息，综合人物心理与情节的关系，科学推断。同时要分析、推敲备选项(很多逻辑推理题往往与语意辨析紧密相连)，做到“完形”后的句子在结构和意义两方面均完全正确，且合乎逻辑，与文章的中心相一致。
【热点突破】
词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查如名词、形容词、动词、副词等而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。完形填空中的词汇辨析题则是完全地依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。要做好这类题目除了要依托上下文语境外还要求考生有丰富的词汇储备、扎实的构词知识和良好的英语语感从而做到科学、灵活地辨析。
(2015·高考全国卷节选) It __37__ was a great __38_(learning)__ moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.
37．A．confused
B．struck
C．reminded
D．warned
【变式探究】
(2015·高考天津卷节选)Days later(n) __23_(offer)__—far below the asking price.Surprisingly，they didn’t __24__us.They renewed their offer __25_(instead)__．
24．A．come across
B．look after
【特别提醒】
在做词义辨析类题时，往往可以根据各选项词义选择出符合语意的正确选项，但也可能出现意思相近的选项，即单从词的意思上看，有两个或三个选项都是合适的，这时就要求考生特别注意区分它们之间细微的差别。同时，一定要把这些选项放在具体的语境里进行区分、判断，体会它们在上下文中所表示的不同意义，联系语境选择出合适选项。对于动词词义辨析题，考生除了要清楚动词在上下文语境中的词义外，还需要注意动词形式的变化。虽然动词时态和语态不是高考完形填空考查的重点，但掌握好这一点有助于考生较好地理解语篇，把握语境，从而为下一步从意思上辨析选项做好准备。
【热点突破】
英语中的一些固定句型和固定短语是完形填空的常考考点特别是动词、名词、代词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。这类题目对考生的要求不是很高不需要考生发挥想象或进行逻辑推理。但考生需要科学有效地积累这些固定搭配持之以恒地训练。在复习中系统学习各种习语搭配、习惯用法和一些重要的句型。做题时要注意所填之词与设空处前后词语的习惯搭配。做题后及时进行总结并辅以笔记积累已经遗忘或新接触的固定搭配以丰富自己的词汇量。
(2015·高考浙江卷)Howeverhemselves working to support the __30_(lifestyle)__ to which they have so quickly become __31__.
31．A．accustomed
B．appointed
【特别提醒】
历年高考完形填空常见的固定搭配有：above all最重要的是尤其；at a loss不知所措；attribute...to把……归因于；by chance 偶然意外地；by contrast对比之下；by way of经由通过……方式；do sb.a favor帮助某人；for the sake of为了……起见；far from毫不远非；in terms of 根据；就…in return for作为对……的回报；in turn依次地反过来；lay emphasis on强调；lay/put blame on责怪归咎于；make one’s way 前进行进；pay off付清；取得成功；bear/keep sb./sth.in mind将……记在心中；catch one’s eye惹人注目；catch sight of看见；find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵；keep an eye on 留意照看；keep one’s head(在困境中)保持冷静；make a difference有影响有作用；make sense讲得通有意义；take one’s time从容不迫；be concerned about对……担心、忧虑；be connected with与……有关系；be grateful to do对做……表示感激；be independent of 脱离……而独立；be involved in被卷入；be short of缺少……；be lost in thought 陷入沉思；access to通往……的路；solution to……的解决办法；be aware of意识到；be 相等胜任be available(to sb.) for(对某人来说是)可用的可获得的at ease自由自在舒适；account for是……的说明(或原因)解释；take advantage of占……的便宜利用。
(2015·新课标全国)
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“
1
my job.Family to Feed.”
At this store，a
2
like this is not normal.My 10－year－old noticed him and made a
3
on how bad it must be to have to stand
4
in the cold wind.
5
something they thought our “friend” there would
6
.They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17－year－old
7
.I thought about it.We were
8
on cash ourselves，but... well，sometimes
9
from our need instead of our abundance is
10
what we need to do！All the kids
11
something they could do away with for the week.
12
，he lit up and thanked us with
13
eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for
14
his family might need，he burst into tears.
This has been a wonderful
15
for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can
16
！Things would have played out so
17
if I had simply said
18
to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in
19
，it also gave my kids the
20
taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文作者讲述了发生在自己身边的一件事。周末的时候作者和孩子们去超市的路上遇到了一个站在寒风中寻求帮助的人他引导孩子们奉献爱心快乐自己。通过这次经历作者诠释了“赠人玫瑰手留余香”的真谛。
2.A.condition B.place C.sight D.show
3.A.suggestion
B.comment
C.decision
D.call
4.A.outside
B.proudly
C.by
D.angrily
5.A.draw
B.say
C.arrange
D.pick
6.A.order
B.supply
C.appreciate
D.discover
7.A.dollar
B.job
C.hot meal
D.gift card
8.A.easy
B.low
C.soft
D.loose
9.A.giving
B.saving
C.spending
D.begging
10.A.yet
B.even
C.still
D.just
11.A.declared
B.shared
C.ignored
D.expected
12.A.toys
B.medicine
C.food
D.clothes
13.A.sleepy
B.watery
C.curious
D.sharp
14.A.whoever
B.whatever
C.whichever
D.whenever
15.A.experience
B.example
C.message
D.adventure
16.A.rely on
B.respect
C.learn from
D.help
17.A.suddenly
B.vividly
C.differently
D.perfectly
18.A.time
B.power
C.patience
D.money
19.A.fear
B.love
C.need
D.memory
20.A.strong
B.sweet
C.strange
D.simple
(2015·北京)
A Welcome Gift
oved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them
1
side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud
2
filled the room and made them feel very happy.
The next morning,
3
， their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a
4
under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Dario's mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all
5
people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their
6
and apologize for their playing.
“Maybe we could go and
7
everyone in person，” his mother said.
“What if we invited them to come here for a
8
instead？” Dario asked.
9
. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts
10
their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and pretty lights.
11
. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to
12
. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert,
13
Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.
“I heard you playing the other night，”she said，“The sounds woke me out of bed.I
14
that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don't think I disliked the playing.”
Dario's mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we
15
you an apology，” she said.“I didn't
16
how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”
“You play, you play！” Mrs. Gilbert said.“I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such
17
“These songs are beautiful music，” Dario's mother said.“We will be
18
to play them in the evening.”
“And we won't play so loud or late！” Dario said.He was already looking forward to
19
the new music.More than that,
20
and made him feel that they were home at last.
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了Dario和他的妈妈搬到新家很高兴并在深夜弹钢琴来庆祝结果却打扰了邻居邻居留便条抱怨投诉母子二人积极应对决定举行派
1.A.sat
B.stood
C.lay
D.walked
2.A.voice B.ring C.music D.cry
3.A.therefore
B.however
C.otherwise
D.instead
4.A.note
B.poster
C.bill
D.report
5.A.proud
B.rich
C.lucky
D.nice
6.A.neighbors
B.friends
C.relatives
D.audiences
7.A.blame
B.instruct
C.question
D.visit
8.A.party
B.concert
C.show
D.play
9.A.experience
B.idea C.performance
D.action
10.A.to
B.with
C.for
D.from
11.A.continued
B.arrived
C.passed
D.finished
12.A.order
B.sell
C.share
D.advertise
13.A.treated
B.presented
C.helped
D.served
14.A.promised
B.admitted
C.agreed
D.worried
15.A.give
B.send
C.offer
D.owe
16.A.realize
B.remember
C.understand
D.accept
17.A.sweet
B.strange
C.funny
D.loud
18.A.brave
B.sorry
C.happy
D.afraid
19.A.changing
B.practicing
C.recording
D.writing
20.A.equality
B.freedom
C.warmth
D.sympathy
(2015·福建)
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault－finder.However,
1
when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I
2
a letter from seventeen－year－old Kerry, －class fault－finder, ways
3
by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her, and
4
was ever good enough.She was highly self－critical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really
5
person.
6
. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost
7
to deal with was that the day before the
8
， Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her
9
of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to
10
. It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became
11
her habit of finding fault.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to
12
everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her
13
as well.
－finding,
14
when we're honest,
15
of
the world.I'm not suggesting you
16
problems, or that you pretend things are
17
than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—
18
most of the time, and especially when it's not a really big
19
.
Train yourself to “bite your tongue”， and with a little
20
， you'll get really good at letting things go.And when you do, you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
【语篇导读】 世界上最容易做的事情之
1.A.lonely
B.great
C.quiet
D.uneasy
2.A.received
B.answered
C.expected
D.rejected
3.A.threatened
B.interrupted C.bothered
D.spoiled
4.A.anything
B.everything C.something
D.nothing
5.A.caring
B.boring C.interesting
D.surprising
6.A.attitude
B.plan C.measure
D.explanation
7.A.urgent
B.unnecessary C.certain
D.impossible
8.A.occasion
B.event C.accident
D.adventure
9.A.memory
B.notice
C.evidence
D.choice
10.A.hear
B.contribute
C.express
D.admit
11.A.aware of
B.afraid of C.curious about
D.confused about
12.A.discuss
B.realize
C.judge
D.settle
13.A.family
B.life
C.career
D.education
14.A.so
B.or
C.but
D.for
15.A.proud
B.sure
C.hopeful
D.critical
16.A.face
B.create
C.solve
D.ignore
17.A.rarer
B.better
C.stranger
D.worse
18.A.at least
B.at last
C.by far
D.so far
19.A.task
B.deal
C.result
D.duty
20.A.practice
B.speech
C.rest
D.pity