2016届高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题：专题02 代词和介词（命题猜想）（原卷版）

　　【】it的特殊用法、代词的辨析、代词与否定词构成的否定与半否定等。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。

　　【热点突破】

　　例1、Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.

　　A．these

　　B．some

　　C．ones

　　D．those

　　1．在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。

　　—Glad to meet you.——很高兴见到你。

　　—Metoo.——我也是。

　　—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.

　　——这个周末我想去爬山。

　　—Metoo.——我也想去。

　　2

　　We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake.

　　我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。

　　This camera is mine and that is yours.

　　这部相机是我的，那个是你的。

　　3．反身代词的用法：

　　(1)反身代词可以在be，feel，look，seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。

　　She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。

　　(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语：

　　①介词＋反身代词：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己

　　②动词＋反身代词：devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快;help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉； 苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in(＝be lost in迷失)；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语

　　4．指示代词常见用法有：指上文提到的事，一般用that或 those；指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或these。此外，this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that则为询问对方；this和 that还用作副词，相当于so。

　　Those are the facts；what do you conclude from them?

　　那些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？

　　They are happy to learn in their own language，and that makes them eager to know more.他们很高兴能用自己的语 言学习，这就激发了他们的求知欲。

　　习惯搭配有：

　　that is to say＝that is...

　　也就是说……

　　That’s it!

　　正是如此！对了！

　　That’s enough.

　　那就够了。

　　That’s that.

　　就这么决定了。

　　【变式探究】

　　—Mike，you don’t seem to be quite________ today.

　　—Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report.

　　A．itself

　　B．yourself

　　C．you

　　D．ourselves

　　【热点突破】 it

　　例2、(2015·高考浙江卷，T12)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？　

　　A．them

　　B．one

　　C．those

　　D．it

　　指代前面所提到过的事物或说话者不清楚或没有必要说明说话对象的性别时。

　　The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.

　　史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。

　　2．It用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。

　　No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

　　不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。

　　It’s no use complaining without taking action.

　　不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。

　　It occurred to me that I had visited him before.

　　我突然想起我以前曾拜访过他。

　　3．某些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句，此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，see to等。 They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. 坦率地说，如果货物尽快被送到，他们会感激不尽。

　　4．It的固定搭配：

　　it depends 　视情况而定

　　Don’t mention it.

　　不客气。

　　Believe it or not

　　信不信由你

　　make it

　　成功，做到，及时赶到

　　put it

　　表达

　　get it

　　明白了

　　when it comes to…

　　当谈到……

　　take it for granted that…

　　认为……是理所当然的

　　Laughter is the best medicine—at least when it comes to

　　protecting your heart.

　　笑是最好的药，至少当涉及保护心脏的时候。

　　【变式探究】

　　Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

　　A．that

　　B．this

　　C．it

　　D．her

　　【热点突破】

　　itone(s)，that，those的用法区别

　　例3、(2015·高考天津卷，T2)The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools.

　　A．that

　　B．one

　　C．it

　　D．This

　　To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.

　　令戴拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。

　　We’ve been looking for a cheap house but haven’t found one yet.我一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。

　　I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I don’t have enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子，但是没有足够的钱来买它。

　　【变式探究】

　　The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________on the small ones.

　　A．one

　　B．this

　　C．that

　　D．it

　　【热点突破】 all，both，either，any，none，neither的用法区别

　　—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?

　　—________．I’ll be in all day.

　　A．Any

　　B．None

　　C．Neither

　　D．Either

　　As the two dictionaries are useful，I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me.

　　由于这两本词典都有用,我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。

　　All that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.

　　重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前进。

　　—Would you like tea or coffee?

　　——你想要茶还是咖啡？

　　—Neitherthank you.I’ve just had some water.

　　——都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。

　　My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.

　　【变式探究】

　　Of the forces shaping higher education________is more sweeping than the movement across borders.

　　A．nothing

　　B．none

　　C．either

　　D．anything

　　【热点突破】 other，the other，others，the others，another的用法区别

　　例5、(2015·高考陕西卷，T13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________.

　　A．another

　　B．the other

　　C．other

　　D．either

　　I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face another day like that.

　　昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。

　　I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.

　　我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习 英语，另一半时间学习绘画。

　　Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill.

　　一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。

　　【变式探究】

　　It’s one thing to send a short message but________to have the person receiving the message actually do something.

　　A．another

　　B．other

　　C．the other

　　D．others

　　【热点突破】none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法区别

　　例6、(2015·高考重庆卷，T2)The

　　meeting will be held in September，but ________ knows the date for sure.

　　A．everybody

　　B．nobody

　　C．anybody

　　D．somebody

　　Sophia waited for a reply，but none came.

　　索菲亚等待答复，但一个都没有。

　　—How many students in your class went to the lecture?

　　——你们班有多少学生去听报告？

　　—None.

　　——一个也没有。

　　—Who did you see enter the lonely house?

　　——你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间？

　　—Nobody.

　　——没看见一个人。

　　—How much money do you have?

　　——你有多少钱？

　　—Nothing.

　　——一点也没有。

　　This project requires close teamwork.________ will be achieved unless we work well together.

　　A．Nothing

　　B．Anything

　　C．Something

　　D．Everything

　　【易错警示】部分否定和全部否定：no one，none,nobody,nothing，not…any以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；all,both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”都表示全部肯定;当not出现在含有全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中,不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后，都表示部分否定。

　　Both of them haven’t read this story.

　　并非他俩都读过这个故事。

　　Not all of them smoke.＝All of them don’t smoke.

　　他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。

　　【热点突破】

　　例7、(2015·高考浙江卷，T3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?

　　A．about

　　B．to

　　C．with

　　D．over

　　常考介词归纳

　　1．against　(表示方位)依靠着……；碰，撞；反对；以……为背景，衬托；预防 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority

　　of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能的，因为大多数委员会委员都表示反对。

　　2．off　(表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开 Two miles off the coast，we sailed right into the storm. 在离海岸两英里处，我们迎面遇上了暴风雨。

　　3．by　不迟于；在……旁边；到……为止；按照,根据；通 过……方式；增减的幅度

　　This one is shorter than that one by three inches.

　　这一个比那一个短三英寸。

　　4．beyond　(时间) 过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置) 在……另一边，超出……之外；(表示程度)为……所不及，超 出……的范围

　　No one hopes that the situation between China and Japan is beyond control due to the Diaoyu Islands.

　　没人希望中日局势因钓鱼岛事件失控。

　　5．with　和……在一起；带有，拥有；随着；用……工具;就……来说；对于，关于；(表示原因)由于，因为

　　I have an appointment with Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.

　　我与史密斯医生有约，但是我需要改变一下。

　　6．over　在……上方；越过；超过；(表示时间或过程)在……期间

　　I’m sorry I didn’t phone you，but I’ve been very busy over the past couple of weeks.

　　很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。

　　7．for　为了；代表；因为，由于；对于，关于，在……方面；以……为代价；赞成，支持；就……而言

　　Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library for a book about it.

　　在你到某一旅游胜地去浏览之前，先在你当地的图书馆找本有关的书看看。

　　The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.

　　史密斯夫妇因为养育孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。

　　【变式探究】

　　The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.

　　A．on

　　B．by

　　C．in

　　D．at

　　【热点突破】

　　(2015·高考江苏卷，T34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.

　　A．thanks to

　　B．regardless of

　　C．aside from

　　D．but for

　　1．at＋名词

　　at sea茫然，在大海上；at will任意地；at work在上班；at lunch在吃午饭；at table在吃饭；at peace处于和平状态

　　2．by＋名词

　　by accident偶然地；by chance碰巧；by mistake错误地；by the way顺便说

　　3．beyond＋名词

　　beyond description难以形容；beyond words无法用语言形 容；beyond doubt无疑；beyond one’s reach够不着

　　4．in＋名词

　　in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一；in charge主管，看管；in common共有，共同；in demand很需 要；in order按顺序，井然有序，情况良好；in progress进行 中；in return作为回报；in turn依次，转而；in vain徒劳； in shape健康状况良好

　　5．on＋名词

　　on purpose故意地；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on sale出售；on time准时；on the air正在广播

　　6．under＋名词

　　under construction在建设中；under consideration在考虑 中；under repair在修理中

　　7．out of＋名词

　　out of breath上气不接下气；out of balance失去平衡；out of date过时；out of patience不耐烦；out of control失去控制； out of touch失去联系

　　8．in＋名词＋of

　　in case of如果；in fear of担心，害怕；in honour of为纪 念……，对……表示敬意；in memory of为纪念……；in place of代替；in search of寻找，寻求；in sight of在看得见……的地方；in support of支持，支援；in face of面对；in exchange of 与……交换

　　9．其他常考介词短语

　　in terms of就……而言，依据；in view of鉴于，根据；for the sake of为了；on behalf of 代表；apart from除了；in addition to除了；on the basis of 以……为基础；regardless of不管；

　　with regard to至于，关于

　　Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.

　　我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。

　　I am always delighted when I receive an e－mail from you.With regard to the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased toattend.

　　当我收到你的e－mail时，我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。

　　【变式探究】

　　I like that bookstore because whenever I buy a book there，they will offer me a book

　　cover________．

　　A．for good measure

　　B．at any cost

　　C．beyond my reach

　　D．on their own

　　【高考真题解读】

　　1.(2015·浙江)How would you like

　　if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

　　2.(2015·重庆)The meeting will be held in September, but

　　knows the date for sure.

　　3. (2015·陕西)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare

　　foot against the

　　.

　　4.(2015·四川)Niki is always full of ideas，but

　　is useful to my knowledge.

　　5.(2015·天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than

　　in some larger schools.

　　6.(2015·福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but

　　contained any useful suggestions.

　　7.(2015·江苏)The university started some new language programs to cater

　　the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.

　　8.(2015·江苏)The whole team count

　　Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

　　9.(2015·江苏)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but

　　Thomas Edison.

　　10.(2015·浙江)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes

　　animals both on land and sea?

　　11.(2015·浙江)Most people work because it's unavoidable.

　　contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

　　12.(2015·浙江)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or

　　appeal

　　our emotions than for straight facts.