【考向解读】
单项填空对动词和动词短语的考查主要集中在动词和动词的辨析,尤其是在特定语境中的应用,动词和动词短语的熟词生义等。近三年常考的动词为:形似词、意近词、词缀相同词和无一定联系的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,因此我们在平时的学习中应当重视理解句子的本义和引申义,逐步养成琢磨句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。为正确运用英语词汇夯实基础。
【命题热点突破一】 动词词义辨析
例1.(2015·高考江苏卷,T22)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.
A.accelerate
B.improve
C.perform
D.develop
动词词义辨析一直都是高考考查的重点,近三年常考的动 词可分为四类:形似词、意近词、词缀相同词和无一定联系 的词。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力,因此正确理解语境的含义是解决此类题的前提和基础。
1.常考形近词总结:
(1)translate,transport,transplant,transform
(2)conserve,preserve,reserve
(3)commit,submit,permit,admit
(4)inspect,expect,respect,suspect
(5)resist,persist,insist,assist,consist
(6)rise,arise,raise,arouse
(7)explode,explore,export
(8)require,acquire,inquire,inspire
(9)contribute,distribute
(10)aboard,abroad,board
2.常考意近词总结:
(1)win,defeat,beat,gain
(2)fit,suit,match
(3)cost,spend,take,pay
(4)affect,effect,influence
(5)announce,declare
(6)adapt,adjust
【变式探究】 By applying the theory to the problem,we can brush away the details to________simple patterns.
A.release
B.reject
C.reveal
D.replace
【方法技巧】解答特定语境下考查动词意义的辨析题
对于特定语境下考查动词意义辨析的题目而言,一般来说,没有巧妙的解题技巧,解题步骤通常是首先判断题干的具 体 含义,接着确定选项的意义,然后结合二者选出答案。 但是 解题过程中仍然可以应用一些技巧:
1.找题干中的关键词,充分利用题干信息,很可能题干中有与选项意义或结构相呼应的关键词,这一 关键 词 可 能 是 名词、介词、副词、动词或不同的短语;
2.巧用题干的结构,有时候从题目本身的结构就可以排除某些选项或直接选出答案,比如利用被动语态这一特点可 以 将不及物动词排除在外。
【命题热点突破二】 动词短语辨析
例2. (2015·高考江苏卷,T27)The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A.apply to
B.cater for
C.appeal to
D.hunt for
常考的动词短语
1.break短语
break away from脱离;放弃;break down损坏;(化学)分 解;(汽车)抛锚;垮掉;break in闯入,强行进入;插嘴,打断;break into闯入;打断,突然……起来;break off打断;折断;break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发;break up(物理)分解;粉碎,破碎;结束;散开,解散
2.bring短语
bring about引起,导致;bring back把……送回,归还;使 回忆起;bring down使倒下,降低;bring in引进;挣得; bring out使罢工,阐明,出版;bring up教育,培养
3.come短语
come about发生,产生;come across(偶然)遇见(或发现); come off从……离开,脱落;come on来吧,赶快;come out出来;(书)出版;come to共计,达到;come up with追上, 赶上;想出(主意);找出(答案)
4.get短语
get across被理解;get along/on with进展;与……和睦相处;get down下来;记下;get down to开始认真干;get off出发;下车;get through通过;打通(电话);用完,耗尽
5.give 短语
give away泄露;颁发;赠送;give back归还;使恢复;give in屈服;呈交;give off发出,放出(气味、光、 热 等);give out用尽,耗尽;分发;公布;发出(光、热等);give up放弃
6.hold短语
hold back隐瞒;阻碍;控制(情感);hold out伸出;坚持,维持;hold up阻挡,使停顿;支撑得住;hold on等 着; 别 挂断;坚持住;hold on to保留;抓住不放
7.make短语
make sense有意义,讲得通;make it及时到达;成功;make up编造;化妆;组成,构成;和好;make up for 补 偿, 弥补;make room for让地方;make use of利用;make way for为……开路,让路;make up one’s mind打定主意,决定
8.put短语
put aside放在一边;put away收起来放好;储蓄;put back放回原处;推迟;put down放下;镇压;记下;put forward提出(计划、建议 等); 提 前;put off延 期, 推 迟;put out 扑灭;生产;公布;put through接通 电 话;put up 提 出; 建造;举起;张贴,公布;留宿,过夜;put up with容忍
9.set短语
set about着手干;开始做;set aside暂时不考虑;把……放到一旁;省出,留出;set off 动身;引爆;引起,激发;set out开始;动身;陈述,阐明
10.take短语
take charge of负责,掌管;take in吸收;欺骗;take off(飞机)起飞;脱下;休假;迅速流行;(事业)腾飞;take on呈现;雇用;承担(责任);take over接管,接任;take the place of代替;take up从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)
11.turn短语
turn away转身,走开;turn down拒绝;调小;turn off关掉;turn on打开;turn out结果;证明是;关掉;生产,制造;turn over打翻;仔细思量;移交;turn to求助于;翻到,转到;turn up调大;出现
12.其他常考的动词短语
account for解释,说明;answer for对……负责,担保……;
attend to处理,对待,照料;care about关心,在意,担忧;
check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到;check out结账离开;
consist of包括,由……组成;contribute to有助于,导致;
deal/do with对付,处理,涉及,
【易错警示】动词短语的构成一般是比较固定的。有时,为了增加题目的难度或考查考生对动词短语掌握的灵活性, 命题者会将结构固定的动词短语拆开,尤其是当动词短语的 结构为“动词+名词”或“动词+名词+副词/介词(如take notice of/take advantage of/pay attention to/look forward to等)”时。此种类型的试题一般而言分为三大类:
(1)将动词短语中的名词作为先行词,来考查动词短语中的动词、介词或副词。
(2)将动词短语中的名词作为主语,来考查动词短语中的动词.
(3)结合动词短语和定语从句考查“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词。
【变式探究】
Mr.Smith felt upset for being________from the concert he had longed for.
A.turned out
B.turned away
C.turned over
D.turned off
【命题热点突破三】动词(短语)的熟词生义
例3、Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.
A.failed
B.stood
C.taken
D.conducted
熟词生义现在在高考中屡屡出现,有时会给考试带来不小 的困难。应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对于常见的词汇 除了掌握其基本意义外,对于其不太常用的义项也要作适当 的了解;其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆 处理,以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。
1.常考动词的熟词生义
add vt.接着说,补充道;address vt.称呼;向……发表演说;admit vt.允许进入;容纳;attend vt.照料;照顾;decline vt.谢绝;婉拒;catch vt.理解;明白;count vi.重要;vt.认为;
2.常考动词短语的熟词生义
put up过夜;turn out出席,在场,到场;turn up被发现,被找到;work out以某种方式发展,锻炼;rule out排除;agree with适合;make out开出;stand up经得起;take on雇用; pay off 有回报,成功;结清工资并解雇(某人);pay for为……付出代价;pick up康复;leave out不考虑;set aside
省出,留出;set off引起,激起;take off迅速流行;break down(计划)失败
【变式探究】We were all agreed that the cottage would _______a perfect holiday home for the family.
A.make
B.turn
C.take
D.have
【高考真题解读】
(2015·浙江)Body language can give
a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
2. (2015·江苏)The university started some new language programs to cater
the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
3.(2015·江苏)The whole team count
Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
4.(2015·湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies
his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
5.(2015·湖北)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn
sooner or later.
6.(2015·陕西)Peter will take
his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
7.(2015·天津,10)Tom had to turn
the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
8.(2015·福建)It is said that body language account
55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.