【】
气等形式，越来越侧重在语境中考查动词的时态、语态和语气，所以要求考生首先要掌握时态、语态和语气的基本用法，同时在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行判断。也就是说，考生应学会通过上下文来确定所用时态、语态和语气。
【热点突破】
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。
常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and
then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually，
every day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中， 用一般 现在时 表 示 将来。
Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上两点左右，苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。
If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。
Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每周三、周五2：30起飞。
2．一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作， 常 与 every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
——好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one yearteaching as a volunteer.
——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。
3
(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动 作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(2)“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
(3)“be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
例1．(2015·高考江苏卷，T30)The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A．were
B．will be
C．have been
D．had been
【变式探究】
—Do you think Mom and Dad ________late?
—No.Swiss Air is usually on time.
A．were
B．will be
C．would be
D．have been
【热点突破】
1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come,leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与 always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。
Hurry up，kids！The school bus is waiting for us!
孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！
“The moment is coming soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously.
“这一刻就要来到了，”他自思自忖，紧张地等待着。
He is always finding fault with others.
他总是挑别人的毛病。
2．过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。
Daniel’s family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
例2．(2015·高考湖南卷，T28)He must have sensed that I ________ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，
“Why are you staring at me like that？”
A．would look at
B．looked at
C．was looking at
D．am looking at
【变式探究】
We have been trying to train the young people who were hired last month，but they________their best to learn.
A．were not doing
B．didn’t do
C．are not doing
D．hadn’t done
【热点突破】
1．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间 状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,
since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
(4)This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句，that从句 中 谓语要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名词＋定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
——你听说过近期的选举吗？
—Sureit has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——当然了，它是近来三天资讯中唯一的事情了。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间 状 语：by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋句子等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...”，“no sooner...than...” 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。
Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of
the guests before.
索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all，he had had it for a very long time.
他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。
I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。
3．将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语为“by＋将来某个时间”。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
例3. (2015·高考北京卷，T26)In the last few years，China ________ great achievements in environmental protection.
A．has made
B．had made
C．was making
D．is making
【变式探究】
Simon________his father for such a long time that he understands almost every gesture of his father’s.
A．attends
B．had attended
C．would attend
D．has attended
【热点突破】
1．过去将来时
表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016.
他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。
2．现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续 到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们
的环境变得更加美丽。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the
program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
3．过去完成进行时(had been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
例4．(2015·高考福建卷，T30)—Where is Peter？I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A．wrote
B．had written
C．has been writing
D．is writing
【易错警示】现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调过去某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，现在完成时一般不表示重复性。现在完成时通常与since，ever since，for three months，just，already，yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与since，for three months，all the(this) morning/afternoon/day/month，the whole day等连用。
—Oh no！We’re too late.The train has left.
——噢，不！我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。
—That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London.
——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。
Joseph has been going to evening class since last month，but he still can’t say “What’s your name？” in Russian.
约瑟夫从上个月就开始上夜校，但是他还是不会用俄语说“你叫什么名字”。
【变式探究】
—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He________for it for months.
A．is preparing
B．was preparing
C．had been preparing
D．has been preparing
【热点突破】
1．被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构 成 形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。
2．只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语：
last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run out，work out。
3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1) 表示感受、感官的系动词如feel，sound，taste，look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2) 当sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run， burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。
—So what is the procedure?
——那么程序是什么样？
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。
Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪水灾区的食品即将用完。我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
His books sell well，so they will be sold soon.
他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。
1．(2015·高考天津卷，T9)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________ so far by the two sides.
A．has been reached
B．was reached
C．will reach
D．will have reached
【方法技巧】解答动词的时态与语态的问题
近几年，高考命题不单纯考查某一种时态的用法,而是多种时态一起考查、时态与语态一起考查,这就要求考生做题时不能仅根据一个方面去判断答案，而要进行全面综合的考虑。
1．学习动词时态和语态时，切不可脱离语境，一味背记语法规则。了解常用时态的基本用法后，要留心以英语为母语 的人在实际生活中是如何运用各种时态和语态的。
2．建立时态的时、体概念。“时”即现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时等；每个时又分四个“体”：一般体、进 行体、完成体、完成进行体。
3．解决时态和语态问题要遵循以下解题思路：
一定“时”(这里说的是什么时候的事或情况)；
二定“体”(这个动作处于什么状态，是完成了，还是正在进行，还是两者都不是)；
三定“态”(这个动词与主语的关系是主动还是被动)。
【变式探究】
When you visit our town next August,a modern sports center________，for the National Games are to be held then.
A．will be constructing
B．has been constructing
C．will have been constructed
D．is being constructed
【高考真题解读】
1.(2015·江苏)The real reason why prices
(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
2.(2015·湖南)As you go through this book, you
(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
3.(2015·湖南)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I
(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”
(2015·湖南)He must have sensed that I
(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”
(2015·湖南)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but
(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.
6.(2015·北京)—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes.We
(treat)well by our hosts.
7.(2015·北京)In the last few years, China
(make)great achievements in environmental protection.
8.(2015·北京)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really.She
( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
9.(2015·北京)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I
(call)him later.
10.(2015·浙江)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he
(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
11.(2015·重庆)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he
(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
12.(2015·重庆)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat
(cut).
13.(2015·陕西)Marty
(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
14.(2015·陕西)At college，Barack Obama didn't know that he
(become) the first black president of the United States of America.
15.(2015·四川)More expressways
(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.