【】2016年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点，对于不定式,考查热度仍然不减，尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。
【热点突破】
1．不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。
2．分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。
3．部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。
Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit.
将在课后组织一些小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
琳达，一名交换生，过去的一年是在香港度过的，因此她看上去比同龄人更成熟。
Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
写得既清楚又有思想，这本书在那些希望寻求自己的答 案的学生中激发了自信心。
例1．(2015·高考北京卷，T21)________ the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A．Catching
B．Caught
C．To catch
D．Catch
【易错警示】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy等后面作状语构成“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中不定式中的动词必须是及物动词若为不及物动词则要在其后加上适当的介词使之构成及物动词短语。
The waves reached as high as 61 feet and moved rapidly through the city，________ down the wall of houses.
A．having torn
B．tore
C．tear
D．tearing
【热点突破】
1．现在分词作定语
现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动 作被动和进行。
2．过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
3．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式 是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽 象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。
(3) the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
1．(2015·高考北京卷，T23)The park was full of people， ________ themselves in the sunshine.
A．having enjoyed
B．enjoyed
C．enjoying
D．to enjoy
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:
第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。
若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，若是主谓关系则用动词v.－ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
第二步：看动作发生的时间。
若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。
【变式探究】
She was the first woman________to the board.
A．to be appointed
B．having been appointed
C．appointing
D．to appoint
【热点突破】
1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage， determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，happen等。
2．只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider， escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。
3．接不定式与接v.－ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去 做……；(2) mean to do 打 算做……；mean doing 意味着……；(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做……；regret doing后悔做过……；(4) remember to do
记得去做……；remember doing记得做过……；(5) forget to do忘记做过……；forget doing 忘记做了……。
4．动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.－ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
5．介词后一般要接v.－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这 次好机会的风险。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。
What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.
多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
例 3．(2015·高考陕西卷，T17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.
A．to thank
B．thanking
C．having thanked
D．to have thanked
【变式探究】
There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic，although most
competitors end up________long before that.
A．to retire
B．retired
C．having retired
D．retiring
【热点突破】
1．现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官 动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起让你久等了。
I found a number of people already working there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear， listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The old found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。
3．不定式作宾补
(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow， ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid， force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade， prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend upon等。
(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略，也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。
4．with＋宾语＋宾补
(1)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的
工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected
president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
例4．(2015·高考陕西卷，T18)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.
A．taking
B．taken
C．take
D．be taken
【变式探究】
(2015·高考浙江卷，T18)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________ live is quite another.
A．perform
B．performing
C．to perform
D．being performed
【热点突破】
1．非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ；v. －ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.－ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.－ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。
2．非谓语动词作表语
v．－ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定 式 作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
What she likes is watching children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His ambition is to go Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
例 5．(2015·高考安徽卷，T27)________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A．Ignore
B．Ignoring
C．Ignored
D．Having ignored
【变式探究】
For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________．
A．connected
B．connecting
C．to connect
D．to be connected
【热点突破】
非谓语动词解题四步骤
第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。
分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词，如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。
第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分。
根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。
第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.－ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.－ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时；若同时进行用v.－ing形式或不定式的进行时；若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。
There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.
没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。
I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.
那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早，因为我赶上了7：30从Paddington来的火车。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
His first book to be published in 2017 is based on a true story.
2017年即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。
例6．(2015·高考天津卷，T8)________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A．To work
B．Worked
C．To be working
D．Having worked
【变式探究】
Life is always full of hardships.________a better life，we need positive energy.
A．Live
B．To live
C．Living
D．Lived
【高考真题解读】
1.(2015·江苏)Much time
(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
2.(2015·湖南)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,
(wonder)whether to stay or leave.
3.(2015·湖南)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students
(talk)over what is bothering them.
4.(2015·北京)
(catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
5.(2015·北京)The park was full of people,
(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.
6.(2015·北京)If
(accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
7.(2015·浙江)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it
(perform)live is quite another.
8.(2015·重庆)
(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
9.(2015·重庆)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way
(use)the sun and the stars.
10.(2015·陕西)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
11.(2015·陕西)Back from his two－year medical service in Africa
(take)good care of at home.
12.(2015·天津)
(absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
13.(2015·天津)
(work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
14.(2015·安徽)
(ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
15.(2015·福建)
(learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.