【】that与what，if与whether是考查的重 点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是：
一、通过从句的位置 辨别从句的类型；
二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子 成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。
【热点突破】
1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
2．主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句
例1．(2015·高考北京卷，T35)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A．Where
B．How
C．Why
D．When
答案：B
【易混辨析】 that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思 是“什么，……的事情，什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有 时可以省略，引导其他名词性从句一般不省略，what引导名词性从句都不能省略。
What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。(what在从句中作主语)
It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真好。(that在从句中不作成分)
【变式探究】
— I will go to the party if I don’t have to dress up.
—Well，actually，it doesn’t matter________you’re dressed.
A．what
B．whether
C．how
D．when
答案：C
【热点突破】
1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。
2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句
(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句
3．一般情况下介词后只能用wh－类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语.
4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语 从 句的连接词用whether/if，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。
5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具 体 情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相 应 的过去时。当从句的内容为真 理或 客观事 实时， 须 用一般 现 在时。
Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping
only when it is necessary.专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购
物，就会浪费较少的食物。
As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to
choose whichever suits you best.提供了多达五门的课程，你
可以任意选择最适合你的一门。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every
day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
例2．(2015·高考重庆卷，T8)We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
A．when
B．how
C．where
D．why
解析：考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：我们必须查明卡尔________会来，这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关，因此应该选择A项。
答案：A
【变式探究】
It is the modern city set up in________was a wasteland ten years ago________attracts a lot of excellent people throughout China.
A．what；which
B．what；that
C．which；that
D．where；that
答案：B
【热点突破】
1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，
whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。
2．as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常 跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果) “这/那就是……的 原因”
This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因) “这/那是因为……”
The reason why...is that＋从句 “……的原因是……”
The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.
对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。
The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.
他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。
He was ill.That’s why he was absent.
他病了，那就是他缺席的原因。
It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.
听起来你好像来自美国南部。
例3．(2015·高考安徽卷，T25) A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ________ ships are built for.
A．what
B．whom
C．why
D．when
解析：考查表语从句的引导词。句意：船停在港口是安全的，但那不是造船的本意。从ships are built for来看，表语从句的引导词作for的宾语。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语，而whom指人，因此选what。
答案：A
【变式探究】
—Lily is often absent from school.
—Yes，she is.That’s ________ she is in poor health.
A．why
B．the reason
C．because
D．how
解析：分析句子结构可知，That’s 之后应为表语从句。 根据句意可知，健康状况不好是缺席的原因，故首先应排 除A项；B项不符合逻辑；D项不符合题意。
答案：C
【热点突破】
1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。
2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。
3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。
I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.
我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。
When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.
当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。
例4．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.
A．when
B．why
C．that
D．how
答案：B
【特别提醒】that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
【变式探究】
It came as a great surprise to the public________some state leaders’ cellphones might have been monitored by America’s National Security Agency.
A．that
B．whether
C．what
D．which
答案：A
【高考真题解读】
1.(2015·江苏)
Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
解析 句意：李白一个伟大的中国诗人其出生地是众所周知的但也有一些人不接受它。从句where Li Bai was born作该句子的主语。
答案 Where
(2015·湖南)You have to know
you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
解析 句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句在从句中用作地点状语。
答案 where
2015·北京)I truly believe
beauty comes from within.
解析 句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词故用that。
答案 that
(2015·北京)
we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
解析 句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“
what we understand things”为主语从句结合句意可知要用how。
答案 How
(2015·浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate
is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
解析 句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知此处要用what来引导。
答案 what
(2015·重庆)We must find out
Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
解析 句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so we can book a room for him可知这里指时间故用when引导。
答案 when
(2015·陕西)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for
Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
答案 what
(2015·四川)The exhibition tells us
we should do something to stop air pollution.
解析 考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语根据意义为why。
答案 why
(2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not
ships are built for.
解析 句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语表语从句中的for后缺少宾语用what引导与for连用表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作for的宾语。
答案 what
(2015·福建)—I wonder
Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
解析 句意：——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。考查宾语从句的连接词by doing可知是问的方式。
答案 how