【】
【热点突破】
1．(2015·高考江苏卷，T35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.
—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________．
A．requests
B．excuses
C．apologies
D．regrets
名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义 及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
常考的几组名词辨析有：
1．cause，reason，excuse
2．award，reward，prize
3．sight，view，scene，scenery
4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic
5．condition，situation，state，position
6．reputation，influence，impression，attention
7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization
8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation
【易错提醒】在高考词义辨析题中有一种“熟词生义”题型即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
Never lie to your friends and， you know，honesty and trust are the________of true friendship.
A．distinction
B．acquisition
C．foundation
D．function
【热点突破】
例2．(2015·高考江苏卷，T32)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A．judgments
B．adjustments
C．comments
D．achievements
高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“介词＋名词”
和“动词＋名词”。常考的名词短语：
(1)out of one’s reach 在某人够不到的地方
beyond recognition
无法辨认
in great demand
需求量很大
in progress
在进行中
out of question
不成问题；无疑
of great value(＝very valuable)
非常有价值的
(2)have/gain access to
可以获得
gain/have an advantage over
胜过，优于
take advantage of
利用，趁……之机
pay attention to
注意
make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理
find fault with
挑……的错；吹毛求疵
keep pace with
与……同步
put an end to
结束……
take notice of
注意到
take...into account
考虑……
catch sight of
看见
have a good reputation
有个好名声
make a difference
有影响；有关系
【变式探究】
(2015·高考湖北卷，T21)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A．balance
B．chance
C．memory
D．Place
【易错警示】下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式：make preparations for为……做准备尽力刻苦(both) ends meet使收支相抵轮流兴致勃勃修理放声大哭向四面八方。
【热点突破】
例3、Being able to afford ________drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；不填
D．不填；a
抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词，通常不与不定冠词连用。但是，当这些抽象名词表示具体概念时，前面可加不定冠词，用来表示具体的人或物。常译为“一次……的事；一个……的人；一种……东西”。 【变式探究】
Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult，but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.
A．a；the
B．不填；a
C．a；不填
D．the；a
【热点突破】
例4、(2015·高考浙江卷，T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years，but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
A．a；不填
B．the；the
C．不填；the
D．a；the
1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well
－being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.
“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平与发展 的梦。
2．用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“一”；在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a，an表示“一份，一阵,一场，一类”等。
—Would you like something to drink?
——你想喝点什么？
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。
3
He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是 在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
4．用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain；用 于“a＋most＋形容词＋名词”结构，意为“非常，很”。 Dan Brown，the author of The Da Vinci Code，is a most famous writer. 丹·布朗，《达·芬奇密码》的作者，是一位很著名的作家。
5．有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection,understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。构成：have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good)understanding of...“(清楚地/很好地)了 解……”。 Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better
understanding of how society operates. 社会实践是让学生来更好地了解社会运作的一个机会。
【变式探究】
France is a main destination for U．S.travelers，________second only to the United Kingdom,
according to________Commerce Department report.
A．不填；a
B．不填；the
C．a；a
D．the；the
【热点突破】
例5．(2015·高考重庆卷，T3)I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
A．the；/
B．a；/
C．the；a
D．a；the
1．表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物，再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到,但谈话双方都知道的人或物。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得开心吗？
—Yesas you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2only,very,same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
【易错警示】
(1)only，very，same，main 等形容词修饰名词时前面也用定冠词the。the only expensive dress I’ve got.这是我唯一一件贵的连衣裙。(2)a与most连用位于形容词前时是表示程度的副词意为“非常”；the与most连用位于形容词或副词前时是最高级的标志意为“最……的”。a most important source of information.历史经验能充当一种非常重要的信息来源。
The Jurassic Park is________Steven Spielberg movie in which________hero fights bravely and
protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.
A．不填；the
B．a；the
C．不填；a
D．the；a
【热点突破】
India attained ________independence in 1947，after________ long struggle.
A．不填；a
B．the；a
C．an；不填
D．an；the
1．表示泛指的不可数名词(物质名词、抽象名词)、专有名词(不含普通名词)或可数名词复数前不加冠词。单数可数 名 词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，前也不加冠词。
2．季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词.但是如果名词前面有修饰语或特指某一季节、月份等，要用 冠词。
The spring of 2017 was a terrible spring because many people
died because of terrorists.
因为许多人死于恐怖分子，2017年的春天是个可怕的春天。
3．表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或宾语补 足语时，一般不加冠词。
David，monitor of our class，is always ready to help others.
戴维，我们班的班长，总是乐于助人。
4．as，though引导的让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。
Child as/though he is， he plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子，但他小提琴拉得很好。
5．系动词turn后的作表语的单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.鲁迅在成为作家前是名医生。
【变式探究】
In Germany，________successful project，which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with_______great success.
Aa；a
B．a；不填
C．the；a
D．不填；the
【高考真题解读】
1.(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
2.(2015·江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
3.(2015·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
4.(2015·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
5.(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some
(think) and then let me know.
6.(2017·天津)Life is like
ocean：Only
strong－willed can
reach the other shore.
(2015·江苏)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
8.(2015·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
9.(2015·重庆)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
4.(2015·陕西)
more learned a man is，
more modest he usually becomes.
10.(2015·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be
Beethoven.