检测题18
Ⅰ. 阅读理解As children reach kindergarten and early grade-school age, they continue to become increasingly more aware of the wider world beyond home, school and their neighborhood. If you haven’t already done so, this can be an excellent time to teach your child about the environment, and how you can work together to go green as a family. If you’ve already introduced some eco-friendly habits in your home, here are some ways your growing child can contribute more to the greening of his world and beyond.
My 7-year-old son discovered a magazine cover on the table that featured a cover line about polar bears being endangered because of global warming. I decided to be straight with him—I said yes, there is a danger to polar bears and other wildlife because of pollution. But I told him that we can all do something to go green and help make a difference, and perhaps help the polar bears and all living things on our planet.
My grandmothers were immigrants(移民)who lived through wars in South Korea. They used to constantly remind me to turn off the lights, and even not to use too much toilet paper. As it turns out, these were great lessons. Have your child get into the habit of turning off lights and electronic equipment when he’s not using them. A nice bonus(意外收获): reducing electricity use can help cut down your bills. A grade-schooler is old enough to understand that water comes from lakes and pools. Explain that wasting it can affect everyone who depends on that water. Wasting water also means wasting energy. A tap that runs for five minutes is equal to letting a 60-watt bulb run for 14 hours, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
Make it easier for your grade-schooler to go green by choosing different baskets for glass, metal, paper, and plastic. Have your child draw pictures of recyclable types to mark each basket. Once a season or more, have your child help you look for used clothing, books, toys and other things around the house to give away to local shelters(避难所).
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的亲身经历告诉其他母亲应该如何在生活中帮助孩子变得更有环保意识, 让他们从小就有保护环境的观念。
1. The underlined word“contribute”in Paragraph 1 means .
A. buy
B. use C. give D. find
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由于本句里的introduced说明如果你已经介绍给孩子一些环保习惯了, 而且在接下来的三个段落中作者本人又给出一些关于绿色生活的建议。所以这里的contribute的意思是“给出”。
2. What makes polar bears in danger according to the passage?
A. The global warming at present and in future.
B. The pollution of the air in developed countries.
C. The loss of the forest all over the world at present.
D. The hunt for them by people from across the world.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。第二段第一句里的being endangered because of global warming是本题的解题线索。需注意的是B选项, 虽然第二段说到了污染危及一些野生动物的生存, 但并不是针对空气污染而言, 所以不能选B。
3. What does the author learn from her grandmothers?
A. Make peace with any other country.
B. Not moving to other foreign countries.
C. Turn off the lights and the water to go green.
D. Live a simple life without spending too much.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。第三段作者提到了自己的祖母和外祖母经历过战争后尤其重视节省, 本段的第二句话是解题线索, 第三、四句是作者的体会和经验, 第五句开始给出了自己也身体力行的理由, 所以答案选C。但是注意D项虽然不错, 但是和第二句作者的祖母和外祖母的要求相比, 没有确切说明为了环保而做的具体措施, 所以不能选。
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Ways to Help Your Child Make Money.
B. Ways to Help Your Child Go Green.
C. Setting up a Recycling Centre for Your House.
D. Setting up Eco-friendly Habits Is Necessary.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。首先要明确这篇文章的作者是一个母亲, 她在以自己的经历告诉别的母亲应该帮助自己的孩子更环保, 所以选项里的关键词是child和green。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I take a deep breath, cross my fingers and step forward. Am I about to take the leap before bungee-jumping? 1 , I’m about to cross the road on my way to work.
There have been a few 2 in the press over the last couple of months about“Chinese-style road crossing”. The definition of this 3 is“a large number of people jaywalking(乱穿马路)together because they feel 4 in a big group”.
Crossing the road is a simple task but sometimes it can be time-consuming and dangerous. It can be 5 to try and rush across the road while the red 6 is still lit; it’s only a short distance, what’s the 7 that can happen?
Many pedestrians don’t seem to understand the 8 they are taking. If the light’s on green, then most drivers won’t pay attention, 9 that no one will be crossing the road. If the driver does notice, it’s possible that they may not have the 10 stopping distance to be able to stop 11 hitting the person.
Also, stepping out onto a road at the wrong 12 causes vehicles to slow down, meaning the cars behind them have to slow down, creating a 13 effect possibly even a long tailback(车辆长队).
14 , it can be difficult to stick to the rules when there is 15 pedestrian-friendly crossings and it seems that drivers don’t follow the rules, either. Even if the green man is showing, cars are still allowed to turn right at many lights, often turning into large crowds of people 16 crossing the road. Many times these cars don’t slow down, meaning pedestrians have to quickly move out of the way. It also means that people 17 cross the road when they should be allowed to—maybe this is a motivating factor for so-called jaywalkers.
Driving a car doesn’t mean you have more rights. It’s a privilege and with that privilege comes a lot of 18 . It doesn’t seem completely 19 to punish pedestrians for taking matters into their own hands on a road system that’s designed against them. A rethink of the way pedestrian crossing work and driver education may 20 a stop to“Chinese-style road crossing”.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述“中国式过马路”的现象、原因及其对交通产生的影响, 并提出了作者自己的看法。
1. A. Yes B. No C. Why D. However
【解析】选B。前后照应题。否定前面的问句, 引出下文。
2. A. articles
B. sentences
C. stories
D. persons
【解析】选A。前后照应题。下句提到“中国式过马路”的现象, 结合此处信息press, 可推知是在出版物上的“文章”。
3. A. word B. name
C. phrase
D. term
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。phrase表示(简洁的)说法。term指专业术语, 一般指科技、学术方面的。此句为“中国式过马路”这种说法的定义是……。
4. A. great B. happy
C. safe
D. strong
【解析】选C。词义辨析题。“中国式过马路”即“凑够一大群人就过马路”, 因为他们感觉这样有安全感。
5. A. tempting B. interesting
C. exciting
D. shocking
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。tempting指“有诱惑力的”, 往往用于怂恿某人干不正当的事。从整句可知当红灯还亮时, 大家就跃跃欲试, 冲过马路。
6. A. boy B. man
C. girl
D. woman
【解析】选B。背景常识题。指红灯, 显示一个红色人形图。
7. A. more B. worst
C. better
D. faster
【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。the worst最坏的事, 此处表示“最糟糕会发生什么事? ”。
8. A. risk B. lift
C. light
D. road
【解析】选A。固定搭配题。本段主题句, 下文讲到“中国式过马路”的危险性, 故用固定搭配take the risk(冒险)。
9. A. hoping B. believing
C. guessing
D. assuming
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。如果(机动车方向的)绿灯亮着, 司机就会以为没有人会横穿马路。assuming指“假定, 认为(但未能证明)”。
10. A. required B. requested
C. suggested
D. allowed
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。车在刹车后到停止有一定的制动距离, required指“所需的, 规定的”。requested请求的; suggested建议的; allowed允许(某人拥有或某事发生)的, 意思不恰当。
11. A. before B. after
C. when
D. while
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据句意可知, 此处为“在……之前”。
12. A. direction B. time
C. place
D. speed
【解析】选B。词义辨析题。在错误的时间行人穿马路会阻碍车辆的行进。at与direction搭配不对, place与speed意思不符合语境。
13. A. knock-up B. knock-on
C. knock-down
D. knock-back
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。a knock-on effect连锁反应。
14. A. On the one hand B. On the other hand
C. On the contrary
D. On this occasion
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。上段谈到“中国式过马路”的危害性, 此段又为此种过马路方式辩护。on the other hand另一方面, 用于比较不同或相对立的事实或想法。
15. A. a lot of B. a great deal of
C. a lack of
D. a number of
【解析】选C。短语辨析题。pedestrian crossings人行道, -friendly方便……的。当缺乏方便行人过马路的人行道时, 要遵守交通规则就难了。
16. A. safely B. slowly
C. worriedly
D. legally
【解析】选D。词义辨析题。此句解释“中国式过马路”现象产生的一个原因是绿灯亮, 行人照理应该可以走, 但车辆此时右转, 就必然开进人群。legally合法地, 依照法律地。
17. A. can’t B. shouldn’t
C. won’t
D. mustn’t
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。此句进一步解释。句意: 行人在(绿灯亮时)该允许走时, 却不能走(因为右转弯的车子阻碍了他们), 这就导致了“中国式过马路”。
18. A. responsibility B. possibility
C. personality
D. reality
【解析】选A。词义辨析题。根据上下文可知, 作者认为开车并非意味着有更多特权(车与行人都有路权), 但这种特权必定有相应的责任。responsibility责任; possibility可能性; personality性格; reality现实。
19. A. severe B. mild
C. fair
D. unjust
【解析】选C。前后照应题。take. . . into one’s hands意为“擅自处理”。句意: 行人因自行处理(即选择“中国式过马路”方式)不合理的道路系统而受惩罚, 这似乎并不公平。
20. A. add B. put
C. set
D. attach
【解析】选B。固定搭配题。固定搭配put a stop to sth. 意为“停止”。
. 语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see a lot of people sleeping on the bus or train on their way home 1 work in the evening. A man will be reading the newspaper, and seconds later it appears as if he is trying to eat it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger sitting next to him. Another place where unplanned short sleep goes on is in the lecture hall 2 a student will start snoring so loudly that the professor has to ask 3 student to shake the sleeper awake. A more 4 (embarrass)situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and 5 weight of the head pushes the arm off the desk, and the movement carries the rest of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no memory of getting there. The 6 (bad)time to fall asleep is when driving. Police reports are full of accidents that occur 7 people fall into sleep and go off the road. 8 the drivers are lucky, they are not seriously hurt. One woman’s car, for example, went into the river. She woke up in four feet of water and thought that it 9 (rain). When people are really tired, 10 will stop them from falling asleep—no matter where they are.
【文章大意】本文列举了几种人们过于疲劳而导致不分场合睡着的情况。
1. 【解析】from / after。考查介词。此处指下班回家的路上, 应用from或者after。
2.【解析】where。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句修饰lecture, 从句中缺少地点状语, 故用where引导。
3. 【解析】another。考查形容词。由句意“……教授不得不让另外一个学生把睡觉的人摇醒”可知, 应填another。
4. 【解析】embarrassing。考查形容词。被修饰词是situation, 应用-ing形容词, 意为“令人尴尬的”。
5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。特指头部的重量, 应用定冠词the。
6. 【解析】worst。考查形容词最高级。由上文的A more (embarrass)可知, 上下文之间含有比较的含义, 此处是最高级。
7. 【解析】when。考查连词。when引导时间状语从句。
8. 【解析】If。考查条件状语从句。句意: 如果司机幸运的话, 他们受伤不会太严重。if如果, 引导条件状语从句。
9. 【解析】was raining。考查时态。句意: 她在四英尺的水中醒来, 以为当时在下雨。表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作, 应用过去进行时。
10. 【解析】nothing。考查代词。由上下文可知, 没有什么能阻止他们睡着。nothing没有什么。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——“圈点信息”的细节理解题
细节理解, 就是在原文中能找到的信息, 可以采用“圈点信息”法, 把涉及的信息“圈点”出来, 以便分析利用。做细节理解题时, 可使用如下方法:
1. 细心审题, 带问题“圈”答案。先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼), 然后以此为线索, 运用略读及跳读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味, 对照比较, 确定答案。
2. 变通理解, 间接转述“圈”答案。高考设题常对原句细微处进行改动, 选取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置, 把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
3. 多点归纳, 综合事实“圈”答案。全面捕捉相关信息, 进行综合分析、归纳, 切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
上篇文章中的第2题为细节理解题。审题发现此题要求寻找, 这样带着这个问题去原文中“圈点信息”就可以发现“”为原因, 由此可以找到答案。
答案: 造成北极熊濒临危险的原因全球变暖