基础训练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2015·重庆，阅读A) The ________ (disable)should be treated with respect.
2．(2015·新课标全国，短文改错)________(fortunate)，with the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.
3．We cannot read a man's ________ (characteristic) at the first glance.
4．He is good at his job but he seems to lack ________(confident).
5．In my opinion，Mary is ________ (equally) to Bill in brains.
6．These young men ________ (competition) for the silver medal.
7．My friend John ________ (promote) as a manager only three years after he graduated.
8．She first became ________ (involve) with the organization in 1998.
9．I have great ________(admire) for her after knowing that she is a writer.
10．He ________ (found)the charity in memory of his late wife.
答案 1.disabled 2.Unfortunately 3.character 4．confidence 5.equal
6.competed 7.was promoted8．involved 9.admiration 10.founded
.翻译句子
11．我希望与你交朋友，逐渐相互理解。(come to)
_________________________________________________________________
12．我花了一个小时才使她明白了我的意图。(get across)
__________________________________________________________________
13．我正在做作业，这时我的一个同学来了。(be doing...when...)
_________________________________________________________________
14．玩具坏了，那男孩在哭。(with＋宾语＋宾补)
__________________________________________________________________
15．坚持下去，你就会拥有美好的未来。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
__________________________________________________________________
答案 11.I hope to make friends with you and come to understand each other gradually.
12．It took me an hour to get across my intention to her.
13．I was doing my homework when one of my classmates came.
14．The boy was crying with the toy broken.
15．Hang on and you'll have a bright future.
.课文浓缩语法填空
China's first manned spaceship __16__ (lift) off at 9 a．m. on Wednesday，October 15th，2003 in Jiuquan，Gansu Province. It was __17__ (carry) China's first astronaut，Yang Liwei. The launch was very successful. “When the spaceship separated __18__ the rocket，I suddenly got a feeling of __19__(soar) into the sky because of the zero gravity，” said Yang Liwei. The Shenzhou V circled the earth 14 times. When the spaceship __20__ (do) its seventh circle，Yang showed the flags of China and the United Nations，__21__ (express) the wishes of the Chinese people __22__ (explore) and use space __23__ (peace). Yang landed in Inner Mongolia safely at 6：23 a．m on October 16th.He told reporters that when Shenzhou V let __24__ its parachute，he felt the ship was shaking. Millions of people all over China were watching TV __25__ the spaceship landed safely. Yang was happy to return home but he thought 21 hours was too short to stay in space.
答案 16.lifted 17.carrying 18.from 19.soaring 20．was doing 21.expressing
22.to explore 23.peacefully 24.out 25.when
.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
In my opinion，time is much valuable than money.The reason is why when money is spent，we can earn them back.But when time is gone，it will never come back.Otherwise we must value our time.
But lots of students don't know the valuable of time.They spend time doing so meaningless things as playing computer games，playing cards and watching TV.We don't realize that wasting time is equal to waste a part of their valuable life.
As students，what we should do first is to study hard and obtain knowledges.Hence we must spend most of our time studying so as not to make contributions to our country in the future.
答案
In my opinion，time is much
valuable than money.The reason is that when money is spent，we can earn back.But when time is gone，it will never come back.we must value our time.
But lots of students don't know the
of time.They spend time doing
meaningless things as playing computer games，playing cards and watching TV. don't realize that wasting time is equal to
a part of their valuable life.
As students，what we should do first is to study hard and obtain .Hence we must spend most of our time studying so as
to make contributions to our country in the future.
能力提升
.完形填空
体裁：记叙文 话题：忠诚与勇敢 词数：292 时间：17′
In the summer of 1862, a young man soldier was found sleeping at his post.He was tried and__1__ to be shot.The day was fixed for the shot, and the young soldier calmly prepared to meet his__2__．
Friends who knew of the case brought the matter to Mr.Lincoln's__3__．It seemed that the boy had been on duty one night, and on the following night he had__4__ the place of a comrade too ill to stand guard.The__5__ night he had been again called out, and, being completely__6__， had fallen asleep at his post.
As soon as Mr.Lincoln understood the__7__， he signed a pardon, and sent it to the camp.The morning__8__ the execution arrived, and the President had not heard__9__ the pardon had reached the officers in__10__ of the matter.He began to feel uneasy.He ordered a telegram to be sent to the camp, but__11__ no answer.
At last, feeling that he must know that the young man was__12__， he ordered the carriage and rode__13__ ten miles over a dusty road and beneath a hot sun.When he__14__ the camp he found that the pardon had been received and the execution stayed.
The young man was released, and his heart was__15__ with lasting gratitude(感激)．When the campaign__16__ in the spring, the young man was with his regiment near Yorktown, Virginia.They were__17__ to attack a castle, and he fell at the first bullet of the enemy.
His comrades caught him up and carried him bleeding and__18__ from the field.He said, “I have__19__ myself not a coward(懦夫), and I am not__20__ to die.” Then, making a last effort, with his dying breath he prayed for Abraham Lincoln.
1．A.sentenced
B．beat
C．managed
D．achieved
答案 A [be sentenced to be shot“被宣判枪毙”。sentence作“宣判；判决”讲。]
2．A.wealthy
B．future C．fate
D．arrangement
答案 C [meet one's fate “接受命运”。]
3．A.support
B．attention C．effect
D．impression
答案 B [朋友将这个事件说给林肯听，是为了吸引林肯的注意。]
4．A.taken
B．replaced
C．given
D．created
答案 A [take the place of “代替某人的位置”，是固定短语。]
5．A.first
B．second
C．third
D．fourth
答案 C [根据故事时间的叙述可知，第三夜又被叫出(站岗)。]
6．A.excited
B．frightened
C．ashamed
D．exhausted
答案 D [连续三夜不睡觉，这个士兵非常 “劳累”。]
7．A.case
B．sentence
C．passage
D．trial
答案 A [林肯理解的是这个事件(指士兵连续站岗因劳累而睡觉)，上文第二段第一句也给出了提示。]
8．A.after
B．when
C．since
D．before
答案 D [林肯在士兵被枪毙之前没有听到赦令是否已经传达给了军官。]
9．A.unless
B．until
C．whether
D．as
答案 C [解析同上。]
10．A.charge
B．spite
C．place
D．need
答案 A [in charge of “负责”。]
11．A.accepted
B．received
C．written
D．replied
答案 B [根据后面的no answer可知，林肯没有 “收到”任何消息。]
12．A.dangerous
B．terrible
C．freezing
D．safe
答案 D [林肯担心士兵的安全。]
13．A.slowly
B．rapidly
C．quickly
D．stably
答案 B [由于担心士兵的安全，林肯的马车非常快。注意rapidly与quickly的区别，quickly指动作的 “快”。]
14．A.reached
B．left
C．got
D．arrived
答案 A [根据上下句的意思不可能选B, C和D都是不及物动词。]
15．A.helped
B．forbidden
C．started
D．filled
答案 D [be filled with “充满”。]
16．A.ended
B．opened
C．finished
D．completed
答案 B [从下文的the first bullet of the enemy可知是“开战”。]
17．A.ordered
B．abolished
C．gathered
D．analyzed
答案 A [被命令去攻击一个城堡。]
18．A.died
B．death
C．dying
D．dead
答案 C [dying是形容词“垂死的”，从下面士兵还会说话可以判断答案。]
19．A.seemed
B．looked
C．suffered
D．proved
答案 D [证明自己不是懦夫。]
20．A.afraid
B．willing
C．possible
D．likely
答案 A [因为自己不是懦夫，所以不怕死。]
.阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 话题：人物和事件 词数：290 时间：6′
When she looked ahead, Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog.Her body was numb (麻木的)．She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.
Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.Now, at age 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California coast.
On the morning of July 4th, 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so thick that she could hardly see her support boats.The wind was strong and it was raining heavily.Against the cold water of the sea, she struggled on—hour after hour.Millions of people at home were watching her in front of the television.
In one of the boats, her mother and her trainer tried their best to encourage her.They told her it wasn't much farther.But all she could see was fog.They urged her not to give up.She never had...until then.With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.
After thawing her cold body several hours later, she told a reporter, “Look, I'm not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it.” It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later, she tried again.This time, despite the same thick fog, she swam with all her strength and her goal clearly pictured in her mind.She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel!
【语篇解读】 Florence Chadwick是第一个从卡特琳娜岛游到加州海岸的人。第一次，她失败了。为什么呢？因为大雾，她看不到自己的目标！
21．The reason why Florence Chadwick gave up for the first time was that ________．
A．the sea water was very coldB．she was too tired to swim
C．she couldn't see her goalD．she was lost in the sea
答案 C [细节判断题。根据文章第四段中的It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.可知，造成Florence Chadwick放弃的原因是因为她看不到自己的目标。]
22．What do you know about Florence Chadwick?
A．She was 34 years old when she was swimming the Catalina Channel.
B．She was a woman who never gave up when facing difficulties.
C．She had few supporters except her mother and her trainer.
D．She was the first person to swim the Catalina Channel.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段及第三段第一句可知答案。]
23．The underlined word “thawing” in Paragraph 4 has the same meaning as ________．
A．tidying
B．warming
C．washing
D．shaking
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据课文意思可知，当时的海水非常寒冷，Florence Chadwick被拉出海水后，当然是要取暖，故B为正确选项。]
24．The writer of the passage wants to tell us a truth that ________．
A．a clear goal is necessary for success
B．one should never mind other people's words
C．success can't be achieved for the first try
D．one should not risk doing what seems impossible
答案 A [推理判断题。本文说明了Florence Chadwick第一次横渡Catalina Channel没有成功的原因是因为没有明确的目标，第二次有了明确的目标后，成功渡过Catalina Channel，因此可以推测，清晰的目标对获得成功来说是必须的。]
B
体裁：说明文 话题：医学 词数：271 时间：6′
As cold season approaches, many Americans will buy a lot of vitamin C and echinacea(紫锥菊)in order to avoid catching a cold.But paying attention to an old piece of advice about having enough sleep every day might be more important.
Research suggests that poor sleep can increase the chance to colds.Studies have shown that poor sleep and a chance to catch a cold go hand in hand, and scientists think sleep plays an important role in the body's defenses.
In a recent study for The Archives of Internal Medicine, scientists followed 153 men and women for two weeks, keeping an eye on their quality and duration(持续性)of sleep.Then, during a five－day period, they exposed them to cold viruses.Those who slept an average of fewer than seven hours a night, it turned out, were three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged at least eight hours a night.
Sleep and immunity(免疫), it seems, are tightly linked.Studies have found that mammals that require the most sleep also produce greater levels of disease-fighting white blood cells—but not red blood cells, even though both are produced in bone marrow(骨髓) and stem from the same precursor.And researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens(病原体)．
“People who have longer sleep every night，” the Planck scientists wrote, “appear to be able to strengthen their immune systems and be better protected.”
【语篇解读】 随着天气变冷，越来越多的人将会感冒。如何才能在寒冷的季节避免感冒的侵袭？研究表明，充足的睡眠将会保护你不受感冒的威胁。
25．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．The Best Way to Avoid Catching a Cold in Winter.
B．The Relationship between Sleep and Immunity.
C．Lack of Sleep Increases the Risk of Catching a Cold.
D．How to Strengthen Your Immune Systems?
答案 C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述的是充足的睡眠可以减少得感冒的机会，也就是说缺乏睡眠会增加得感冒的风险。故C可作文章的标题。]
26．From the passage we can infer that ________．
A．vitamin C and echinacea can help resist colds
B．the longer you sleep, the healthier you will be
C．people didn't know the relationship between sleep and colds before
D．people's immunity can be gained mostly from sleep
答案 A [推理判断题。根据短文第一句可知答案。B项没有依据；C项根据But paying attention to an old piece of advice about having enough sleep every day might be more important可排除；D项没有依据。]
27．We can draw a conclusion from the third paragraph that ________．
A．most people sleep less than seven hours a day
B．sleep less may easily lead to some illnesses
C．one should sleep at least seven hours a day
D．sleep is the best way to treat illnesses
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从这项研究中可以得出结论：睡眠少很容易导致疾病。]
28．How does the author express his idea?
A．By using the results of studies.B．By comparing some numbers.
C．By telling some interesting stories.D．By referring to some theories.
答案 A [细节理解题。作者为了说明睡眠不足可导致感冒的风险，多次提到了研究的结果。故答案为A。]
.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Children need eye health and vision care during their developmental years and yet the majority of children starting school do not have the care they need.The Canadian Association of Optometrists (CAO) recently launched “Eye See...Eye Learn”，a program of __29__(aware) to educate parents about the important link between __30__ (learn) and good vision.The program，__31__ is popular with both children and their parents，encourages parents to take their children to an optometrist(验光师) __32__ an eye exam before they begin kindergarten.The program partners government，schools and local community groups made __33__ of parents，teachers and health professionals.
It's important to encourage children to use their visual skills in__34__(difference) ways throughout the day.When a child __35__ (watch) television for six hours a day，the ability to increase on visual skills is__36__(limit)．
If a child needs to wear __37__ (glass)，a positive attitude can make all the difference to a child's approach.Your optometrist can also help you if your child__38__(do) need a pair of glasses.
答案
29．awareness [用名词形式作介词of的宾语。]
30．learning [learning是动词learn的名词形式，与and后面的good vision保持词性一致。 ]
31．which [which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the program。]
32．for [for表目的，意为“为了”。]
33．up [make up of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。]
34．different [形容词修饰名词ways。]
35．watches [主语是第三人称单数a child，故谓语动词也要用单数形式。]
36．limited [空格前有系动词is，故空格中用所给单词的形容词limited。]
37．glasses [眼镜必须是glasses，glass为不可数名词，意为“玻璃”。]
38．does [名词为第三人称单数，故谓语动词也要用单数形式。]