2017届高考英语一轮复习课时作业：unit 21 Human Biology（北师大版）

　　基础训练

　　Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空

　　1．A volcanic eruption nearly wiped ________ the small island of Montserrat in 1997.

　　2．I have asked that his proposal be submitted ________ a special committee.

　　3．I fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me ________ joining you in dinner.

　　4．All classes in the school are equipped ________ modern equipment.

　　5．You should seek advice ________ your lawyer on this matter.

　　6．I am opposed ________ going shopping with others.

　　7．Some students have not yet submitted their essays ________ their tutors.

　　8．Pop music is now ________ decline，while country music catches on.

　　答案　1.out　2.to　3.from　4.with　5.from　6.to

　　7．to　8.in

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　9．They tried their best to make her happy but ________________ (徒劳)．

　　10．The librarian took a book ____________(随便地) from the shelf.

　　11. One failure after another ____________(彻底毁灭) his ambition for fame.

　　12．Nowadays ________________(对我们学生来说很重要) to master a foreign language.

　　13．If you had stayed calm yesterday，everything ________________(会很顺利的)．

　　答案　9.in vain　10.at random　11.wiped out　12.it is important for us students　13.would have gone smoothly

　　Ⅲ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Life comes in a package.This package includes happiness and sorrow，failure and success，hope and despair.Life is a learning process.__14__ With each passing day we learn to handle various situations.

　　1．Love

　　Love plays a key role on our life.__15__ In the early stage of our life，our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care，they teach us about what is right and wrong，good and bad.But we always tend to take this for granted.It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others' feelings.

　　2．Happiness and Sorrow

　　Materialistic happiness is short－lived，but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others' face gives a certain level of fulfillment.Peace of mind is the main link to happiness.__16__ We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow.Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one，failure and despair.

　　3．Failure and Success

　　__17__ It helps us to touch the sky，teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way.Success brings in money，fame，pride and self－respect.Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder.

　　4．Hope and Despair

　　Hope is what keeps life going.Parents always hope their children will do well.Hope makes us dream.Hope builds in patience.__18__ Because after every night there is a day.Nothing remains the same.

　　A．Failure is the path to success.

　　B．No mind is happy without peace.

　　C．Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday.

　　D．Without love a person could become fierce and cruel.

　　E．Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour.

　　F．Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person.

　　G．The only choice is work hard today so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.

　　答案

　　14．F　[空格前面的句子Life is a learning process.说明生活是学习的过程，空格后面的句子With each passing day we learn to handle various situations.说明，随着每一天的过去，我们学会了处理各种各样的问题。由此可知，空格处的句子内容应该说明我们从F。]

　　15．D　[本段标题为Love.选项D意为“没有爱，一个人将变得凶暴、残忍。”与标题相关。故选D。]

　　16．B　[空格前面的句子Peace of mind is the main link to happiness.说明了心灵的平静与快乐之间的关系，选项B也是说明快乐与平静之间的关系的。故选B。]

　　17．A　[本段标题为Failure and Success.选项A正是说明失败与成功之间的关系的。故选A。]

　　18．E　[本段标题为Hope and Despair.选项E中的关键词not to despair与标题内容一致。故选E。]

　　Ⅳ.课文浓缩短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.Now records have fallen track and field due to better equipment，training and diet since the first Olympic Game.And we come across the issue of performance－enhancing drugs，which is known for doping.Some athletes who abuses the drugs risk facing seriously health problems in later life.They seek to achieve beyond their natural limits.It is compulsory of winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.What's more，“gene－therapy” will be the next big threat.In future，athletes who have their genes change might be able to do well than they should be so if doping and gene－therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.

　　答案

　　The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.Now records have fallen track and field due to better equipment，training and diet since the first Olympic . we come across the issue of performance－enhancing drugs，which is known

　　doping.Some athletes who

　　the drugs risk facing

　　health problems in later life.They seek to achieve beyond their natural limits.It is compulsory

　　winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.What's more，“gene－therapy” will be the next big threat.In

　　future，athletes who have their genes

　　might be able to do

　　than they should be so if doping and gene－therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.

　　能力提升

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　体裁：夹叙夹议　话题：友谊　词数：327　时间：17′

　　It was well after mid－night，I stood silently staring out the ninth floor window of the New York hospital.At nine a．m.，I was __1__ into an operating room.After an eleven－hour __2__ I was put into a recovery room.It was then that I first __3__ him.He was so __4__ and stood in the doorway of the recovery room.He sent out sympathy and __5__ to me.

　　The man would be standing in the doorway，__6__ and nodding as I would pass with one or more members of my family.On the fourth week I was allowed to walk up the corridor __7__．As I passed his room，I stopped a minute to __8__．He introduced me to his wife and his son who was __9__

　　in a hospital bed.He explained that he and his wife had brought their __10__ to this hospital of hope from Iran.They were still __11__ but things were not going well.For three more weeks we continued our __12__，each giving the other the gift of caring and friendship.

　　There did come a day when the doctor told me I would be __13__ the following morning.The next morning he came to my room.I told him I would pray for his son.He __14__ me but shrugged his shoulders indicating the hopelessness.This man in his sorrow was so __15__ for me.I could feel his __16__．As I turned to walk down the corridor to the elevator，he was so __17__ and stood in the doorway，smiling，nodding and giving his blessing.

　　Fifteen years passed and I think of him __18__ and he is always in my heart as I feel I am in his.I think it is because when we face the __19__，our hearts and souls are open to those around us and we are able to accept the love and __20__ of others，almost freely and thankfully as children accept love.

　　1．A.dragged

　　B．pulled

　　C．wheeled

　　D．pushed

　　答案　C　[根据语境可知，在早晨9点钟，作者被推进手术室接受手术。其他选项不符合

　　2．A.operation

　　B．experiment

　　C．practice

　　D．argument

　　答案　A　[根据上句into an operating room可知，作者的手术做了11个小时，手术后作者回到了恢复室。]

　　3．A.discovered

　　B．observed

　　C．understood

　　D．saw

　　答案　D　[作者是在手术后回到恢复室的时候第一次见到这个人的。其他选项不符合语境。]

　　4．A.curious

　　B．worried

　　C．funny

　　D．confident

　　答案　B　[看到作者被推进手术室，11个小时的手术后又被推进恢复室，根据He sent out sympathy可知，这个人站在恢复室的门口应该是担心的。]

　　5．A.encouragement

　　B．curiosity

　　C．confusion

　　D．sorrow

　　答案　A　[看到作者在手术后回到了恢复室，这个人对作者表示了同情和鼓励。]

　　6．A.singing

　　B．dancing

　　C．smiling

　　D．crying

　　答案　C　[根据第三段最后的and stood in the doorway，smiling，nodding and giving his blessing.可知选项C正确。]

　　7．A.carefully

　　B．independently

　　C．bravely

　　D．patiently

　　答案　B　[作者手术后开始由一到几个家人陪同练习走路，后来得到医生允许独立地走路。]

　　8．A.rest

　　B．breathe

　　C．recover

　　D．chat

　　答案　D　[根据He introduced me...以及He explained that...可知，作者在经过这个人的病房时停下来和他交谈。]

　　9．A.playing

　　B．studying

　　C．lying

　　D．jumping

　　答案　C　[因为这个人的儿子有病，所以他静静地躺在病床上。]

　　10．A.daughter

　　B．son

　　C．father

　　D．mother

　　答案　B　[根据上面一句He introduced me to his wife and his son...的提示可知选项B正确。]

　　11．A.dreaming

　　B．imagining

　　C．managing

　　D．hoping

　　答案　D　[尽管儿子的情况不容乐观，但这个人和他的妻子仍然充满希望。]

　　12．A.conversations

　　B．games

　　C．journeys

　　D．challenges

　　答案　A　[三个多星期以来，作者和这个人持续交谈，给对方关心和友谊。]

　　13．A.transferred

　　B．discharged

　　C．delivered

　　D．shifted

　　答案　B　[根据本段内容可知，作者被医生告知要出院了。]

　　14．A.thanked

　　B．encouraged

　　C．comforted

　　D．amused

　　答案　A　[因为作者告知这个人会为他的儿子祈祷，所以这个人对作者表示谢意。]

　　15．A.strange

　　B．special

　　C．happy

　　D．important

　　答案　C　[因为作者康复出院，所以这个人为作者高兴。]

　　16．A.courage

　　B．bravery

　　C．strength

　　D．love

　　答案　D　[因为这个人的儿子生病，情况不容乐观，他很悲痛，但因为作者康复出院他很高兴，所以作者感受到了他对自己的爱。]

　　17．A.tired

　　B．delighted

　　C．lucky

　　D．helpful

　　答案　B　[本空用delighted显示这个人因

　　18．A.finally

　　B．immediately

　　C．slowly

　　D．frequently

　　答案　D　[尽管15年过去了，但作者还在时常想起这个人。]

　　19．A.anxiety

　　B．responsibility

　　C．disaster

　　D．failure

　　答案　C　[作者和这个人的儿子都生病住院，这对人生来说应该是一种灾难。其他选项不符合语境。]

　　20．A.kindness

　　B．instruction

　　C．criticism

　　D．shortcoming

　　答案　A　[本空用kindness与空格前面的love相对称。]

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　A

　　体裁：说明文　话题：建筑　词数：278　6′

　　When the Normans built their first simple wooden castles in England，they built them on the top of small hills.The first permanent castles were made of stone and built with thick walls.The main building was usually surrounded by walls which overlooked the moat (护城河)．

　　The entrance to the castle was usually over a drawbridge (吊桥) leading to the main gatehouse.The drawbridge could be raised or lowered and an iron grille (栅栏) could be lowered to shut off the entrance to the gatehouse.

　　As time went on，the castle builders became more advanced in their techniques.Instead of building a strong central building and surrounding it with walls of lesser strength，they thought out the idea of surrounding a central area with huge walls which could contain all the main rooms of the castle.These walls usually had many towers and these towers were really a series of main buildings along the castle walls.In building these castles they used hill sites whenever possible in order to give the castle a better position.Because the outside world was shut off by a barrier or curtain of defences，they are called “curtain wall” castles.

　　With the passing of time there was less need to build strong castles and nobles built manor (庄园) houses.These manor houses often had battlements and iron grilles，but they were built more for comfort and included many of the conveniences and luxuries of the large houses which were being built in the towns.

　　Unfortunately，many English castles were damaged or destroyed completely during the Civil Wars of the 1600s.

　　【语篇解读】　英国有许多历史悠久的城堡。但随着时代的变迁，城堡的作用也发生了改变，本文将向你介绍英国城堡的变迁史。

　　21．What is the best title for this passage?

　　A．How to build castles.B．How to protect castles.

　　C．The history of English castles.D．The structure of English castles.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了从最简单的城堡到永久性的城堡，一直到后来作为庄园的城堡，因此主题应该是“英国城堡的历史”。故C作标题合适。]

　　22．It can be known from the passage that ________．

　　A．the first simple castles in England were made of wood

　　B．old castles in England were all built on the top of hills

　　C．the iron drawbridge was the only way to reach the main gatehouse

　　D．“curtain wall” castles used curtains as their walls

　　答案　A　[细节判断题。根据短文第一段第一句话可知答案。]

　　23Which of the following was used not to let others enter the gatehouse of a castle?

　　A．A moat.

　　B．An iron grille.

　　C．A drawbridge.

　　D．A central keep.

　　答案　B　[细节判断题。根据第二段中的an iron grille(栅栏) could be lowered to shut off the entrance to the gatehouse可知应该选B。]

　　24．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．Most of English castles became manor houses now.

　　B．The Civil Wars left many English castles in ruins.

　　C．English castles were too strong to be destroyed.

　　D．Nobles built manor houses in order to defend their fortune.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断，内战使得许多英国城堡变为废墟。]

　　B

　　体裁：应用文　话题：俱乐部　词数：305　时间：6′

　　International Kids Club in Switzerland

　　Lovell Camps Kids Club

　　Lovell Camps runs a daily Kids Club.This is an English language Montessori style club for children ages 2 to 5 years old.Kids Club is open from December through March and in July and August.Children will be a part of a wonderful and safe learning experience which includes language activities，cooking，arts and crafts，citizenship，song，dance，etc.Learning outside the classroom plays an essential role at Lovell Camps，enabling children to experience the outdoors and grow as individuals.So if you are a parent looking for information about what our club can offer your children，then you will find all the information you need right here.

　　Admission

　　Lovell Camps offer Kids Club sessions for a period of one or more weeks，half or full day reservations and optional daily skiing lessons during the winter season.

　　What Transportation to take?

　　Our club works closely with the Flight Centre，a highly reputable company able to offer great deals on international flights.They will work with your family to find the best flight route for your children and advise on arrangements for your children.Your children will be met by a club counsellor upon arrival to Switzerland.

　　What's Included

　　• Fees include healthy snacks，school supplies，equipment，hikes.If choosing the skiing option fees include transportation to and from the ski hill，professional ski instruction，ski pass，ski snack.

　　• Fees do not include：ski rentals and equipment，camp T－shirts and long sleeve shirts，baseball hats，transportation to and from Kids Club to home，medical insurance.

　　What Do You Do Next?

　　The first thing you need to do is register your interest online by clicking on the register button，or call our office on 01383 435 991 and speak to a member of our placement team.

　　25．Where do you probably read the article?

　　A．In a science fiction.B．In a newspaper.

　　C．In a medical magazine.D．In a guidebook.

　　答案　B　[推理判断题。这个短文介绍了瑞士的一个国际儿童俱乐部，是一篇广告，因B。]

　　26．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

　　A．To give information about an international club.

　　B．To show the benefits of the club for kids.

　　C．To teach kids how to choose a club.

　　D．To tell parents how to care about their kids.

　　答案　A　[作者意图推测题。根据文章的标题以及文章内容可知，这篇短文介绍的是瑞士的一个国际儿童俱乐部的有关信息。故选项A正确。]

　　27．Which means of transportation can take kids to the club?

　　A．Car.

　　B．Subway.

　　C．Airplane.

　　D．Bus.

　　答案　C　[细节判断题。根据What Transportation to take？标题下的Our club works closely with the Flight Centre可知，孩子们乘飞机到达俱乐部。]

　　28．What do you know about the club?

　　A．It is free completely.B．It only opens in winters.

　　C．It is for children of all ages.D．It provides various activities for kids.

　　答案　D　[细节理解题。根据短文第一段中的Children will be a part of a wonderful and safe learning experience which includes language activities，cooking，arts and crafts，citizenship，song，dance，etc.可知，这家俱乐部为孩D。]

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　As is known to us all，drunk driving can cause a great damage.Drunk driving will direct threaten the safety of drivers，passengers and pedestrians，resulting from traffic accidents，injuries and even deaths.What's more，treat the injured and repairing broken cars mean a great waste of money，time and resource.

　　In order to prevent drivers from drunk driving，effective measures must taken before things get worse.Firstly，it is essential whether laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those who performs drunken driving.Secondly，drivers must strengthen our awareness of public safety.

　　For the sake of safe of yourself and for the happiness of your family，never do drunk driving in your life!

　　答案　

　　As is known to us all，drunk driving can cause great damage.Drunk driving will

　　threaten the safety of drivers，passengers and pedestrians，resulting

　　traffic accidents，injuries and even deaths.What's more the injured and repairing broken cars mean a great waste of money，time and .

　　In order to prevent drivers from drunk driving，effective measures must

　　taken before things get worse.Firstly，it is essential

　　laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those who

　　drunken driving.Secondly，drivers must strengthen

　　awareness of public safety.For the sake of

　　of yourself

　　and

　　for

　　the

　　happiness

　　of

　　your family，never do drunk driving in your life!

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　假如你是李华，你的笔友小同给你来信，反映他学习中有很大的压力。

　　1．参加各种各样的课外活动；

　　2．阅读有趣的书籍；

　　3．与他人多交往。

　　注意：词数：100左右。

　　【参考范文】

　　Dear Xiao Tong，

　　I have known that you have much pressure in your study.Here are my suggestions to get rid of it.

　　Firstly，it is necessary for you to take part in a variety of interesting out－of－class activities，which make your school life colorful.Secondly，you should get out of the classroom，see the outside world and talk to others as much as you can.Thirdly，you can read what you are interested in.You can go to the library or surf the Internet for various kinds of information.In a word，if you

　　are the master of your studies，you'll feel very happy.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua