1.live on 继续生活；存在 归纳拓展 live on sth. 以……为食 live by (doing) sth. 靠(做)某事为生 live up to 不辜负 live through 经历 live with 容忍 live a ... life 过着……的生活 答案：①lives on ②lived through ③live up to ④live with 2．take in 包括；吸收；接受；领会；欺骗 归纳拓展 take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容 take a risk/chance 冒险 take over 接管；接收 take apart 拆开 take the place of 代替 ③The teachers decided to ________ ________ ________ ________(接受请求) made by the students. ④Until today we haven't found a better approach that can ________ ________ ________ ________(代替) exams in education. 答案：①found it difficult to take in ②take in ③take in the requests ④take the place of 1.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没人真正清楚第一批人到达现在我们所知的加利福尼亚的准确时间。 句中的what we now know as California为what引导的从句，作介词in的宾语。 归纳拓展 what引导名词性从句时，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语等，在意义上译法比较灵活，它可以指“……的东西；……的时间；……的地点”等。
④Police have found ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(好像是丢失的那尊古代塑像)． 答案：①What matters most ②what I would do ③After what seemed (to be) a long time ④what appears to be the lost ancient statue 2．However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。 句中的it is likely that ...为一常见句型，意为“……是可能的，某人有可能做某事”。 归纳拓展 It is likely that ...可转换为：sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 基础知识巩固 4．(2011·陕西改编)Some insects take ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 5．(2011·湖南改编)Onethird of the country ______(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________(be) black people. 6．Without my glasses, I couldn't mark ________ whether that figure on the blackboard was a three or an eight. 7．I was taken ________ by the salesman whose products turned out to be much less effective. 8．The world famous director, three of ________ movies won Oscar awards, is reported to have retired. 9．The young actress looked so charming in her beautiful dress that we took ________ good many pictures with her. 10．While he was in high school, he made up his mind to apply ________ membership in the Party. 答案：1.slipped 2.to have acted 3.that 4.on 5.is；are 6.out 7.in 8.whose 9.a 10.for 5．据说，珍妮为了申请历史科的奖学金而夜以继日地忘我学习。 ________ ________ ________ ________Jenny studied day in and day out in school to apply for a scholarship in history. 6．为了使所有的中国学生理解他课堂上所讲的内容，这位来自美国的教师耐心地讲英语。 To make all Chinese children understand ________ ________ ________ in class, the teacher from America spoke English with great patience. 7．每天早上，在我家门口的那棵树上都有许多鸟儿在唱歌。 ________ ________ a great many birds ________ on the tree in front of my house every morning. 8．当大量的移民到达加利福尼亚但没有挖到金子时，他们很有可能非常失望。 ________ ________ ________ ________ many immigrants were disappointed when arriving at California and finding no gold then. 9．离开这么多年后，我还是如此想你。这就是我现在站在你面前的原因。 I still miss you so much after so many years away. ________ ________ ________ I am standing in front of you now. 10．问题是有许多移民不能实现梦想。 ________ ________ ________ a great percentage of immigrants couldn't achieve their dreams. 答案：1.The majority of 2.occurred to 3.by this means 4.make a living 5.It was said that 6.what he said 7.There are; singing 8.It is likely that 9.This is why 10.The problem was that 6．There is, in an addition, one further point to say. __________________ 7．We expressed our feelings by the means of words. __________________ 8．A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet.__________________ 9．To team up the big company is the only way to break out of money problem.__________________ 10．The company can only supply 20 percent of we need. __________________
答案：1.to→for 2.are→is 3.was后加上a 4.about→to 5．occur后加上to 6.去掉an 7.去掉the 8.去掉many后的of 9.up后加上with 10.we前加上what 6．他去该工厂申请工作职位。 7．遗憾的是这家工厂没有接纳他。 8．他没有很好地使用语言来表达自己。 9．他只好与朋友合伙开了一家小店。 ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 答案： Just for a flood, the Smiths moved to a small mountainous village to live on and they soon learned to make a new life. It's said that a local factory needed new employees and Mr Smith wanted to grasp the chance which was likely to help improve the living conditions of his family. Therefore, Mr Smith went to the factory to apply for a position. However, the factory didn't take him in because he couldn't express himself by means of words. As a result, he had to team up with his friends to open a store. Unit 1 A land of diversity 选修八 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识巩固 3 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ vt.插入 2．________ n．正义；公平 3．________ vt.& n．租用；雇用 4．________ adv.无处；到处都无 5．________ n．海关；关税；进口税 6．________ adj.公民的；国内的；民间的 7．________ n．刹车；制动器 vt.& v．刹车 8．________ vt.& vt.改革；革新 n．改革；改造 insert justice hire nowhere customs civil brake reform
9．______ vi.发生；出现→__________ n．发生；出现 10．__________ n．处罚；惩罚→________ vt.惩罚；处罚 11．______ adj.人种的；种族的→______ n．人种；种族 12．________ vt.指示；表明；暗示→________ n．指示；表示 13．________ n．手段；方法→________ vt.意思是；意味着；意指 14．________ n．繁荣 vi.经济飞速发展→________ adj.兴旺的；繁荣的 occur occurrence punishment punish racial race indicate indication means mean boom booming 15．________ vi.滑动；滑行 n．滑动；滑倒→________ adj.滑的；光滑的 16．_______ adj.明显的；清晰的；有区别的→_________ n．差别；区别；卓著 17．________ adj.显而易见的；显然的→__________ adv.显然地；显而易见地 18．_____ vt.选择；选举→________ n．选举；选择权→________ n．选举人；选民 19．________ n．社会主义者 adj.社会主义(者)的→________ adj.社会的；社交的→________ n．社会；社团；社群 slip slippery distinct distinction apparent apparently elect election elector socialist social society B．归类巧记 1．“明显”相关单词集锦 ①apparent→apparently ②distinct→distinctly ③obvious→obviously ④evident→evidently 2．与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触 ①hire n．&vt.雇用 ②employ vt.雇用 ③take on雇用 ④fire vt.解雇 ⑤dismiss vt.解雇 ⑥discharge vt.辞退 ⑦lay off解雇 ⑧turn away解雇 3．“多数与少数”面面观 ①major adj. 主要的
vi. 主修
n． 专业 ②majority n. 大多数 ③in the majority 占多数 ④minor adj. 少数的 ⑤minority n． 少数 ⑥in the minority 占少数 4．变为复数后词义变化的名词小结 ①custom (风俗习惯)→customs (海关) ②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌) ③iron (铁)→irons (镣铐) Ⅱ.高频短语 1．用……方法；借助……________________ 2．习惯于新的生活方式、工作等________________ 3．申请；请示得到________________ 4．与……合作或一起工作________________ 5．包括；吸收________________ 6．除此之外；还有________________ 7．在19世纪初________________ 8．想做某事________________ 9．而不是________________ 10．抓住机会________________ by means of make a life apply for team up with take in in addition in the early 1800s feel like doing sth. rather than grasp the opportunity 11．继续存在/生存________________ 12．坚持；维持；沿袭________________ 13．背对背________________ 14．画出范围；标出……的界限________________ 15．许多；很多________________ 16．向……宣战________________ 17．在……开始时________________ 18．不久________________ 19．某人突然想到……________________ 20．把……和……混合________________ live on keep up back to back mark out a great/good many declare war on at the beginning of before long it occurs to sb. that ... mix ... with ... Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．California is the third ________(large)state in the USA ________ has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有着美国最多的人口。 2．However, it is likely ________ Native Americans ________ (live)in california at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。 3．It is believed that ________ ________ the mix of nationalities will be so great ________ there will be no distinct major ________(race)or cultural groups, but simply a ________ (mix)of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而会是多种族、多文化的混合体。 4．________(build)in 1873, the cable car system ________ (invent)by Andrew Hallidie, ________ wanted to find a ________ (good)form of transport than horsedrawn trams. 缆车系统建于1873年，是由安德鲁·哈利迪发明的，他试图找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。 5．In 1940 the civil authorities ________(reform)the system ________ ________ many more Chinese people were able to ________ ________ ________ of settling in the USA. 1940年民政部门改革了制度，(结果)更多的中国人能够得到定居美国的机会。
答案：1.largest; but 2.that; were living 3.before long; that; racial; mixture 4.Built; was invented; who; better 5.reformed; so that; grasp the opportunity Ⅳ.语法过关 名词性从句 1．After ________ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the director's office. 2．Is this hotel ________ you said we were to stay in your letter? 3．________leads a life full of love is rich even though he doesn't have much money. 4．Tony eventually realized his childhood dream ________ he could play on one of the top teams. 5．At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ________ it would get any better. 答案：1.what 2.where 3.whoever 4.that 5.if/whether Ⅴ.语篇填空 In 1848, not long after the AmericanMexican war, gold ①________(discover) in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people ②________ all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then ③________(adventure) from Europe and Asia soon ④________(follow). In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, ⑤________most remained in California ⑥________(make) a life for themselves ⑦________ great hardship. ⑧________ settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become ⑨________ thirtyfirst federal state of the USA in 1850, ⑩________ was already a multicultural society.
答案：①was discovered ②from ③adventurers ④followed ⑤but ⑥to make ⑦despite ⑧They ⑨the ⑩it 考点探究演练 1.elect vt. 选择；选举；推选 归纳拓展 elect sb. to be/as＋n. 选举某人当…… elect sb. to do sth. 选某人做某事 by election 通过选举
②It was Thompson who was elected ________ (replace) Ellis in the committee. ③He lost the ________ (elect) by one vote. ④The monitor of our class was chosen _______ _______(通过选举)． 答案：①elected Tom to be/as ②to replace ③election ④by election 2．occur vi. 发生；出现；存在 归纳拓展 sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事 It occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想起…… ②他突然想到第二天早上要去参加一个重要的会议。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (2)用occur的相关词语完成下列小片段。 When John was walking along the river bank, a good idea ①__________________(他突然想起). He rang up the general manager at once and told him of the good idea. The general manager decided to take action immediately and John's idea turned out to be very successful. ②__________________(他从未想过) he would make such a great success in business. 答案：(1)①occurred to him to ask ②It occurred to him that (2)①occurred to him ②It never occurred to/struck/hit him that 3．means n. 手段；方法 (单复数同形) 归纳拓展 by means of 用……方法；借助…… by all means 一定；务必；好的；当然可以 by no means 决不；一点儿也不 by this means 用这种方法 辨析 means/way/method 词汇 含义 means “方法、方式、工具”(单复数相同)，着重于具体的手段 way “一般的或个人的特殊方式或方法”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关 method “有系统的、有效率的、精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念 4．majority n. 大多数；大半 归纳拓展 the majority 和the minority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式，若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数；但当其后是复数时，谓语动词通常也用复数。 “the/a majority of ＋名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。
③支持这项决议的人占大多数。 People who were in favor of the resolution ________ ________ ________ . 答案：①the majority of ②a majority of ③were in the/a majority 5．indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明 归纳拓展 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指示…… indicate that ... 指示……；表明…… indication n. 指出；表明 indicator n. 指示器；(化)指示剂 indicative adj. 指示的；暗示的