语法专题
语法提分微点案 考点8 代词 微视角 大领悟
微学堂 涨分数
微考场 新演练
语法填空和短文改错题对代词的考查主要是人称代词(I, we, me, us, he, him, they, them)、物主代词(my, mine, your, yours, his, our, ours)、反身代词(oneself)、指示代词(this, that, those, these)、不定代词(both, all, either, neither, one, some)以及it的特殊用法等。
微视角 大领悟
练知考情 会方法技巧 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with ________ (it) choking smog. 解析：句意：几个小时前我还在香港的家，呼吸着那里令人窒息的烟雾。空格后的名词词组choking smog需要形容词性物主代词its修饰。 2．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's ________ (I)．” 解析：句意：公交车上的一位妇女说，“哦，天哪！是我(的)。”此处作表语，可用me，表示“是‘我’”，或用mine表示“是‘我的’”。
me/mine
its
3．(2017·新课标卷Ⅰ)The river was so polluted that ________ actually caught fire and burned. 解析：句意：这条河被污染的如此严重以至于都能起火并燃烧起来。根据句子结构可知从句中缺少主语，且根据句意可知，设空处指代上文中提到的the river。故填it。 4．(2017·辽宁卷)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds. 解析：设空处指代and前的your leg，句中缺少宾语，故填it。 it
it
要确定是否填代词，要从下面三个方面考虑。 1．在语境考查类的语法填空题中，当句子缺主语或宾语时，一般要填代词。 2．确定缺主语或宾语后，再看一下空格是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。 3．如题中给出提示词，这时要根据句子结构和语境填写代词的适当形式。 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅰ短文改错)We must find ways to protect your environment.___________ 2．(2015·陕西卷短文改错)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 答案与解析：anything→something anything用于疑问句和否定句中，something用于肯定句中，故将anything改为something。 your→our
3．(2015·浙江卷短文改错)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 答案与解析：them→it 此处代替的是the school，应用it。 4．If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. 答案与解析：us→you 根据该句中的your teacher，可知该处应将us改为you。 5．I was eager to see Mr. Johnson, but outside her room I stopped. 答案与解析：her→his 该处将her改为his，与前面的Mr. Johnson呼应。 6．I let Mary copy my answers. But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher's office. 答案与解析：all→both Mary和我是两个人，表示“两者都”，应该用both。 1．代词数的错用和前后人称代词的不一致。 2．人称代词、物主代词、反身代词错用。 3．不定代词的错用。
微学堂 涨分数
语法精讲 明重点难点
人称 分类 单数 复数 一 二 三 一 二 三 人称代词主格 I you he, she, it we you they 人称代词宾格 me you him，her，it us you them 形容词性物主代词 my your his，her, its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his，hers, its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself，herself，itself ourselves yourselves themselves 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 提示 (1)人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。 (2)形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。 (3)反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语。 1．it可用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。 2．it常用来替代不定式、动名词或从句作主语位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。 3．不定式、动名词短语或从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。 4．it在固定结构中的用法：make it成功；take it that ...假设，以为……；hate/like/enjoy it that ...讨厌/喜欢……；I can't help it我没有办法；if I can help it如果我有办法；when it comes to ...当谈到……时；rely on/depend on/count on it that ...相信……；as sb.put(s)it ...正如某人所说……
1．both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法 都 任一 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any
none 2.something, anything, nothing的用法
提示 固定搭配：anything but根本不；nothing but只不过；仅仅；all but差不多；none but仅仅；只有。everything意为“每件事物；所有事物”，强调整体，与not连用时表示部分否定，意为“并不是所有事物都……”。 句式 语意 something 肯定句 某事，某物 疑问句 请求、征求意见 anything 条件句、否定句、疑问句 任何东西(事物) 肯定句 任何东西(事物) nothing 陈述句 没有一点东西 3．none, no one/nobody, nothing的用法
提示 no one无任何人，nothing无任何事，none无任何上文提到的人或物。 指代 回答 特/泛指 none 人或物 how many/much 特指 no one/nobody 指人 who 泛指 nothing 指物 what 泛指
微考场 新演练
好题巧练 拿高考满分
3．(2015·天津卷)The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger schools. 解析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。本句需用that替代前面的the quality of education，以避免重复。 4．(2015·重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure. 解析：句意：会议将在9月份召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。根据题干中的but可知此处应该用表示否定意义的nobody。 5．(2015·陕西卷)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________. 解析：句意：为了使自己暖和，那个水手坐在炉火前面赤着脚互相摩擦。the other“两者中的另一个”。 that
nobody
other
6．(2015·四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge. 解析：句意：Niki总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知没有一个想法是有用的。本题考查代词。none(三者或三者以上)都不，都没。 7．Alice showed the conductor her ticket, and then I showed ________ (I)． 解析：该空应填词指代my ticket，应用mine。 8．(2015·北京卷)I looked down at the tiny girl and promised myself that somehow I would help ______. 解析：设空前是动词help，空格处应填宾格代词作宾语，指代and前提到的the tiny little girl，故该处填her。 her
none
mine
Ⅱ.语法填空 (2017·新课标卷Ⅱ改编)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ________ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of ______ looked very anxious and ____________ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board, I got a place next to the window, so ____ had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ___________ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still the boy kept ___________ (ride). He was carrying something over ____ (he) shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus.
his
being
them
disappointed
I
caught
to stop
riding
I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It's ____________ (I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to _____________ another. one
me/mine
解析： 本文讲述了一位不知名的少年骑车追还失主手提箱的故事。 1．介词后用动名词作宾语。 2．宾格代词them指代前面提到的many people。 3．表示人的内心活动，应使用－ed形式的形容词，这里指他们看起来既焦虑又失望。 4．根据前后语境可知填I。 5．全文在叙述一件往事，应以一般过去时为主，故这里应使用catch的过去式caught。 6．表示“拒绝做某事”时，refuse后接不定式作宾语。
7．表示“继续(不间断地)做某事”时，要用keep doing sth.，相当于continue doing sth.。 8．物主代词修饰名词shoulder。 9．该句既可以用宾格me表示“是我(丢了手提箱)”，也可以用名词性物主代词mine表示“那是我的手提箱”。 10．one another“彼此”。 改改改