语法专题
语法提分微点案 考点10 并列连词和从属连词 微视角 大领悟
微学堂 涨分数
微考场 新演练
第2讲 从属连词 二、名词性从句
微视角 大领悟
练知考情 会方法技巧 (2015·新课标卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 解析：根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。 how
如果是名词性从句，就根据连词在名词性从句中所作的句子成分来确定选用什么连词。若在从句中作主语或宾语用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不作成分则要考虑从句意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不作成分且从句意思完整则用that。 1．(2015·新课标卷Ⅱ短文改错)He turned around and found where his parents were missing. 答案：去掉where或where→that 2．(2017·四川卷短文改错)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately. 答案与解析：去掉when 此处是由that引导notice后的宾语从句，when多余。 3．That is which other teachers say. 答案与解析：which→what what引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语。 名词性从句连接词的错用、漏用涉及： 1．从属连词that与whether/if之间的错用。 2．从属连词与连接副词(when/where/why)等的错用。 3．从属连词that的漏用，that引导主语、表语和同位语从句，不能省略，连接两个以上的宾语从句时，第2个that不能省略。
微学堂 涨分数
语法精讲 明重点难点
1．that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。 2．whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。 Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。 3．连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。 Who will take over the company has not been decided. 谁将接管公司还没定好。 4．用it作形式主语的常用句型有： (1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句 (4)It＋特殊动词(seems，appears，happens，matters)＋that从句 It is a pity that I missed the party held last night. 很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。 It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness. 据报道，该事故源于(司机的)粗心驾驶。 5．在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered＋that从句结构中，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。 常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know,
imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词(如：think, make, consider等)之后，可以用it作形式宾语。 Do you know (that) he has joined the army? 你知道他参军了吗？ We think it highly probable that he has settled down in America. 我们认为他很可能已经定居在美国了。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他是不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。 that引导表语从句时，一般不可省略，because 引导表语从句时，主语不能是reason。 My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词(如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等)之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 There's a feeling in me that we'll meet again. 我有一种感觉，我们会再见面。 1．what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为“什么，……的事情，……的地方，什么样的”。 2．who意为“谁”，在引导名词性从句时常作主语。 3．how/when/where/why引导名词性从句时，在从句中分别作方式、时间、地点和原因状语。 4．wh－ever表示“无论……”，表示任何一个人或事物，没有固定范围。 5．whatever在2015年课标卷Ⅰ完形填空中为考查热点，应特别关注。whatever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
微考场 新演练
好题巧练 拿高考满分
Ⅰ.单句训练 1．(2015·北京卷)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. 解析：句意：我确信美丽源自内在。“________ beauty comes from within”为宾语从句，该从句结构完整，故用that。 2．(2015·北京卷)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 解析：句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。“we understand things”为主语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语(如何)，故用How。 that
How
3．(2015·重庆卷)We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 解析：句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。“______ Karl is coming”为宾语从句，作动词短语find out的宾语，该从句中缺少时间状语，故答案为when。 4．(2015·安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for. 解析：句意：在港口的船是安全的，但是那并不是船被建造的目的。“________ ships are built for”为表语从句，该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。 when
what
5．(2015·福建卷)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 解析：句意：——我想知道这么些年来玛丽是如何保持体形的。——通过每天锻炼身体。“________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语，故答案为how。 6．(2015·湖南卷)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 解析：句意：如果你要计划到那里的最好路线，你就得知道你将要往哪儿走。“______ you're going”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少地点状语，故答案为where。 where
how
7．(2015·四川卷)The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution. 解析：句意：这个展览告诉我们(为什么)我们应该做一些事情来阻止空气污染。“ ________ we should do something to stop air pollution”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少原因状语，故答案为why。或者理解为由that引导的宾语从句。 8．Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 解析：句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。
when
why/that
Ⅱ.语法填空 If you think you know a lot about technology because you know that “LOL” means “laugh out loud”， you may be much less cool than you thought. Today, acronyms(首字母缩写词) and shortened expressions are __________ (wide) popular across the Internet, especially on social media and texting apps, as they offer shorter ways of communicating. For teenagers, _____________ (speak) in their own language also helps them to communicate ________ their own way. To help parents understand the Internet slang(俗语) ______(use) by teenagers, the UK government _______________ (launch) a new guide on its official dictionary website Parent Info on Sept 7. speaking
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In fact, The Huffington Post believes _________ understanding Internet slang helps you relate to today's generation. “If you continue to use old－fashioned language, young people _______________ (think)
you haven't kept up with today's thinking and knowledge.” The fast _________ (grow) of the online world is creating a more popular version(版本) of the Internet slang that's been around for years. For example, “OMG(oh my God)” and “ROFL(rolling on floor laughing)” are just two of the _________________ (expression) that have been added to the Oxford online dictionary. expressions
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How much Internet slang do you know? Check out _________ acronyms below. acc: actually bae: before anyone else doe: though idc: I don't care yolo: you only live once the