Unit 21 Human Biology
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.circulate vi. 循环
2.digest vt.
消化
3.abuse vt.
滥用
4.fundamental adj.
根本的；基础的
5.seek vt.
寻找
6.annual adj.
每年的，一年一次的
7.cater vi.
满足；迎合
8.treat vt.
款待
9.postpone vt.
推迟，延期
10.compulsory adj.
强制性的，义务的
11.temporary adj.
临时的；短暂的
12.decline vi.
下降
13.circumstance n.
情形；情况
14.unite vt. 联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n．联合
15.tolerate vt.容忍→toleration n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的→tolerance n．宽容；容忍
16.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n．反义词→opposition n．反方；对立面→opposed adj.相反的，对立的
17.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
18.faith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地
19.equip vt.装备；使有准备→equipment n．装备；装备品
20.submit vt.认为；提交→submission n．屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissive adj.服从的
21.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权
22.fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款 →fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
23.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n．抢劫犯→robbery n．抢劫
24.concern n．担心，担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于 用所给词的适当形式填空1.The manager has faith in his secretary, because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith)
2.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune,_but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)
3.I admire you for your tolerance,_because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
4.Concerning all the things concerned,_I am most concerned about this matter.(concern)
5.As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan. Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out. (oppose)
7.This is a modern, bright and well equipped hospital, and its equipment is of the first level.(equip)
8.As we all know, an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)
9.Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money, making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)
10.They prepared a report for submission to the council, in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit) 1.“寻找，搜寻”词汇一览
①look for 寻找
②search for
搜寻
③seek (for)
寻找
④hunt for
搜寻，寻找
2.“财富”相关名词小聚
①fortune
大笔钱财
②treasure
财富，财产
③wealth
财富
④possession
财产，财富
⑤property
财产，不动产
3.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词
①condition
状态；环境
②state
状态，状况
③situation
情形，处境
④circumstance
环境，状况
⑤status
地位；情形
4.annual相关形容词全扫描
①weekly
每周的
②monthly
每月的
③daily
每日的
④quarterly
每季度的
⑤hourly
每小时的
⑥minutely
每分钟的
5.由decline想到的
①增加：rise, increase, go up
②减少：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down
6.oppose近/反义词大全
①reject v.
拒绝
②object v.
反对；不赞成
③agree v．同意→disagree v．反对
④agreement n．同意→disagreement n．不同意
⑤approve v．赞成；批准→disapprove v．不赞成
⑥approval n．赞成；批准→disapproval n．不赞成
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气
2.at_random
随便地，随意地
3.at_all_costs_
不管多大代价
4.straight_away_
立刻，马上
5.wipe_out__
彻底毁灭
6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks
终止；消灭
7.rob_sb.of_sth.
抢劫某人某物
8.at_any_rate
无论如何；至少
9.get_down_to_
开始做
10.bring_up
教育；抚养；呕吐
11.get_through__
通过(考试)；完成
12.clear_up_
整理；解释；澄清；
放晴
13.put_off_
推迟；延期
14.miss_out_
遗漏；遗忘；错过
机会
15.focus_on
聚焦；集中；对准 选用左栏短语填空1.It's not a easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
2.Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
3.I tried to make his peace with her, but in_vain.
4.Last week, I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home.
5.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
6.It's time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.
7.I'll just read through the form again to make
sure I haven't missed anything out.
8.It is raining now, but I think it will clear_up soon. 1.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.
2.“立即，即刻”短语全接触
①at once 立即
②right now/away
立刻
③straight away
立刻，马上
④in no time
立刻，马上
⑤in a flash
即刻
⑥in an instant
立即；马上
3.clear短语荟萃
①clear away
把……清理出去，
把……收拾整洁
②clear off
溜掉，离开
③clear out
把……清理干净
④clear up
解释；澄清；放晴
[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 It is＋adj. ＋ for sb.＋to do ...句型。 他这次或许能通过驾照考试。It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.
2.The Olympic spirit － the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning － has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。 “Sb./Sth.be believed to ...” 意为“某人或某物被认为……”。 据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.
1．seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图
[高考佳句] Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2017·天津高考单选)
构思清晰、笔法纯熟，这本书激发了那些希望自己寻找答案的学生的自信心。
seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth.
追求/寻找某人/某物
seek one's fortune
寻找成功(致富)的机会
seek out 找出；寻出
seek to do sth.
试图做某事
①We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。
②They sought_out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。
③He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek_his_fortune and I suggested that he should_seek_advice_from his teacher and shouldn't seek_(after/for) comfort, personal fame or gain.
他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。
2．oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗
[教材原句] Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因疗法有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。
(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事
oppose sb.'s doing sth.
反对某人做某事
(2)opposed adj.
相反的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立
Her wealthy parents opposed/were_opposed_to_her_marrying a boy from the poor family.
她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。
We all strongly oppose driving (drive) after drinking.
我们都强烈反对酒后驾驶。
[写作联想] 例句②其他表达方式
We all strongly object to driving after drinking.
②We are all strongly opposed to driving after drinking.
③We are all strongly against driving after drinking.
3．postpone vt.推迟，延期
[教材原句] I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。
postpone doing sth.延缓/推迟做某事
postpone sth.until/to ...
把某事推迟到……
①Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving_(leave)．
由于天气不好，我们决定推迟动身。
②It has been decided the meeting should be postponed_until/to next Saturday.
已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。
4．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[教材原句] Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
自从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们一直在做治疗方面的试验以预防将来再次爆发。
(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事
(2)
禁止某人做某事
(3)prohibition n.
禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ...
……的禁令
It was the bad weather that prohibited their (they) going to the science museum.
是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。
Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.
＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_people_from_using mobile phones in some places.
一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。
They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas.
他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。
[写作联想] 例句②其他表达方式
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent people from using mobile phones in some places.
②Some people think that it's necessary to stop people from using mobile phones in some places.
③Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.
5．decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
[高考佳句] Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. (2015·天津高考完形)
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但这所房子的价格超出了我们的承受范围。因此，我们拒绝了。
(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事
(2)decline in/of sth.
在某方面减少/下降
in decline
下降
on the decline
走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline
开始衰落，陷入衰退
①He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is in_decline.
他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技在下降。
②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数一直在下降。
③The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall/go_into_(a)_decline.
来自海外的激烈竞争导致棉花产业的衰退。
6．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
[高考佳句] To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a microfan. (2017·湖南高考书面表达)
为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。
(1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……
equip ...for sth./to do sth.
为(做)某事而装备……
be equipped for/to do sth.
为(做)某事……装备好；
做好准备
(2)equipment n.
设备，设施
Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请准备一支削好的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
They are skills which equip them for real situations they might face in their lives.
这些技能可以让他们应付生活中可能会发生的真实状况。
It is clear that hightech equipment (equip) has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.
很明显，高科技设备受青少年欢迎，改变了他们的生活方式。
7．submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服
[教材原句] You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.
你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。
submit ...to ... 把……提交给……；向……提出
submit sb./oneself to
使某人/自己甘受/服从
submit to
服从于，屈服于
①In that case they had to submit themselves (they) to his judgement.
在那种情况下他们不得不服从他的判决。
②He submitted_to the headmaster's order finally that all teachers should_submit_that_report_to the headmaster.
他最终服从了校长的命令——所有的老师都应将那份报告提交给校长。
Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/完成句子)
1．It's obvious that the teacher cannot tolerate eating (eat) in class.
2．They are seeking to_attain (attain) the most advanced technological level in the world.
3．It was an unpopular decision to postpone building (build) the new school.
4．One requirement of Party discipline is that the minority should submit to the majority.
5．They are going to equip the workshop with new machines in order to increase output.
6．There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.
7．It is said that the tomb has_been_robbed_of (已被盗) its treasures.
8．After so many disappointments, he lost_faith_in (失去信任) doctors.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．oppose多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①She is very much opposed to the change of the plan.
②He opposed building (build) a new building in this area, for there are some rare plants near here.
(2)单句改错
③We are all opposed to get my father to go abroad.get→getting_
④Why did you object my suggestion？object后加to
2．prohibit点点练
(1)介词填空
①The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against/on the hunting of whales.
②Meanwhile, the Dutch will prohibit tourists from buying drugs in their famous coffee shops.
(2)完成句子
③Nuclear powers are_prohibited_from_selling (被禁止出售) this technology.
④It is my father that prohibited_my_going_to_college (不允许我上大学)．
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
1．根据语境选出digest的词性和词义
It took me some time to digest what I had heard.
__A__
②We may not be able to digest foods as easily as we once could.
__B__
③The digest will be available for sale online or in stores.
__C__
2．根据语境选出decline的词性和词义
I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation.
__A__
②The company reported a small decline in its profits.
__D__
③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month. __B__
④Industry in Britain has been in decline since 1970s.
__C__
1．at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价
[教材原句] The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
(1)at the cost/expense of ... 丧失，牺牲；以……为代价
at a cost of ...
以……的费用/价格
at any cost
在任何情况下；无论如何
at cost
按成本价
(2)cost sb. sth.
花某人……，使某人付出/
丧失
①The hero saved the boy's life out of the burning library at the cost of his own life, which was put up at a cost of one million dollars last year.
那个英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的图书馆里救出了那个男孩，图书馆是去年耗资100万美元建起来的。
②We are determined to obtain our rights at_any_cost.
我们决定无论如何要获取我们的权利。
2．wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁
[教材原句] Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.
流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。
wipe away 擦掉，清除掉
wipe sth. off/from
从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)
wipe down/up
彻底揩擦干净
wipe sth. with sth.
用……擦……
①I hastily wiped up the milk I had spilled.
我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。
②Your arms are my castle; your heart is my sky. They wipe away tears that I cry.
你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。它们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。
3．at any rate无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少
[教材原句] If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes － in developed countries at any rate.
如果这种趋势继续以它们现在的方式发展下去的话，我认为至少在发达国家是那样的。
at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去
at the/a rate of
以……的速度或比率；以……的价格
①We're working so slowly that, at_this_rate,_we'll never finish the job.
我们干的太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活。
②The train was traveling at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour.
火车以每小时100公里的速度行驶。
4．It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。
(1)“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。
It's very dangerous for_children_to_cross the busy street.
对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
Nowadays it_is_important_for_us students to master a foreign language.
现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。
(2)“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish 等。
It's_clever_of_you to work out the maths problem.
你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。
5．The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
(1)rather than为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。
①Bryson decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.
布赖森决定辞职而不接受新规定。
(2)rather than 常用于下列结构中：
②Compared with women, men always prefer to_sleep (sleep) at home rather_than_spend so much time shopping.
与女人相比，男人宁愿待在家里睡觉，也不愿意把时间花在购物上。
(3)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。
③Mary, rather than you, is_to_blame_for not finishing the work on time.
是玛丽而不是你应该为没有按时完成工作而受责备。
Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Local businesses are closing at a/the rate of three a year.
②I will not idle (虚度) away my time and be sorry in vain when my youthful head becomes white.
③His account of the accident cleared up one or two important facts.
④It can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don't learn to forgive yourself.
⑤The College Entrance Examination is approaching.It's high time for us to get down to our studies.
⑥I would rather surf the Internet than go to the cinema.
⑦The meeting which is reported to_be_held (hold) this month has been put off till the end of next month.
⑧It's cruel of him to kill his mother.
2．运用所学短语完成片段
Three robbers were believed to ①have_robbed_a_bank (抢劫了一家银行) of a large fortune yesterday. The police immediately blocked the main roads and ②prohibited_the_suspects_from (阻止嫌疑人)escaping. The authority said that such crimes were hard to tolerate and must be ③wiped_out (彻底毁灭) ④at_all_costs (不惜任何代价)．At present, the police are seeking the information about the case and urge the criminal to ⑤submit_to (屈服于) the police.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．cost相关短语细梳理
(1)用cost的相关短语填空
①I must finish the work by tomorrow at_all_costs/at_any_cost.
②She saved him from drowning, but only at_the_cost_of her own life.
③He has just built a new house for his family at_a_cost_of $10,000.
④I can spare you some, if you want, at_cost.
(2)一句多译
他花80元钱买了这件毛衣。
—1 The sweater cost him 80 yuan.(cost v．)
⑤—2 He_bought_the_sweater_at_a_cost_of_80_yuan.(cost n．)
2．wipe相关短语大观园
介、副词填空
①Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.
②She wiped the sweat off/from her face with a piece of facial tissue.
③How could I be able to hold my kids, wipe away their tears, and share their dreams?
3．rather than万花筒
用所给词的适当形式填空
①You rather than anyone else are (be) to blame for the mistake.
②I like reading books rather than watching (watch) TV.
③She preferred to go with us rather than stay (stay) at home.
④Changing your diet, rather than dieting (diet), is a healthier alternative.
课时练(一) 一、单元考点落实练(练基础)(限时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The police are still seeking (寻找) the men involved in last week's robbery.
2．The flight was postponed (推迟) because of the thick fog.
3．Smoking is prohibited (禁止) in public buildings or in the crowded buses.
4．All the parents want to equip (装备) their children with some special skills. Thus, they can live better in the future.
5．Those who know how to tolerate (容忍) others can naturally lead a happy life.
6．Make sure that all applications must be submitted (提交) by Monday.
7．I offered to give them a lift but they declined (谢绝)．
8．As far as I know, the manager is strongly opposed (反对) to the plan.
9．Fresh air is fundamental (基础的) to good health.
10．The officer was accused of abusing (滥用) his power while in office.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone.
2．I have never sought to_hide (hide) my views. I hope you will not misunderstand me.
3．Please don't spit or throw rubbish everywhere at random.
4．Robbed (rob) of her gold necklace, which is meaningful to her, she became unhappy.
5．Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat), and that's why he has no friend.
6．Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than before.
7．We can't submit to the fate. Instead, we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.
8．More and more people tend to read books by computers or phones rather than go (go) to library.
9．He is said to have_been_working (work) in this factory for more than twenty years.
10．It's a holiday company that caters for the elderly.
11．It's possible for him to open a new company of his own.
12．They always look for excuses to postpone doing (do) something.
13．If
Bob had_come (come) here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chan.
14．I could have_worked (work) out the problem, but I was too nervous.
15．—Excuse me, where is the nearest bank?
—Go straight ahead; you can't miss it, which is a huge building.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．It was reported that all children had physically and emotionally abused.had后加been
2．Strangely, Mr. Green, also
opposes to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.opposes→opposed
3．I always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith_后加that
4．The law prohibits tobacconists (烟草店老板) selling cigarettes to children.selling前加from
5．They are urgently seeking
out the posts where they are well paid.out→after/for
6．No matter how hard the situation is, you should not lose your heart.去掉your
7．My deskmate, rather than you, are responsible for the work. are→is
8．It is nice for you to give us so much help.for→of
9．He made fortune in his business trade last year.made_后加a
10．Thankfully, this is a disease that is now in the decline.in→on
Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空
The Olympic spirit has been violated by the desire to succeed ①at all costs. Now records ②have_fallen (fall) in track and field due to better equipment, training and diet since the first Olympic Games. But we came across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs, ③which is known as doping. Some athletes who abuse the drugs risk ④facing (face) serious health problems in later life. They seek ⑤to_achieve (achieve) beyond their natural limits. It is compulsory for winners ⑥to_be_tested (test) but other participants are only tested at random. What's ⑦more (much), “genetherapy” will be the next big threat. In the future, athletes who have their genes ⑧changed (change) might be able to do better ⑨than they should be. So ⑩if doping and genetherapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.
Ⅴ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
①In this track and field competition, he was investigated for abuse of stimulants (兴奋剂). ②It not only damages the liver, but also disobeys the spirits of the sports. ③So to take it is absurd for him. Therefore (And/Therefore/Besides) such crime cannot be tolerated at_any_rate (无论如何). To ban players from doing so, peopleseek_for (寻找) various ways annually. Experts suggest players equip_them_with_knowledge (用知识武装他们)．④People hope that such incidents will_be_stopped_in_its_tracks (将被终止) in the near future. There is no doubt that their effort is not in_vain (白费)．
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)disobeys→violates
(2)ban→prohibit
2．按要求进行句式改写
(1)用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句①和句②
In this track and field competition, he was investigated for abuse of stimulants, which_not_only_damages_the_liver,_but_also_disobeys_the_spirits_of_the_sports.
(2)用it作形式主语改写句③
So_it_is_absurd_for_him_to_take_it.
(3)用it作形式主语改写句④
It_is_hoped_that_such_incidents_will_be_stopped_in_its_tracks_in_the_near_future.
二、完形填空提能练(练专项)(限时：20分钟)
(2016·东北三省三校第一次联考)I felt very depressed the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy, and I just didn't feel so __1__.
As I was sitting at my desk, I __2__ it was the birthday of a dear longtime friend — a single, middleaged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loving her __3__.
Knowing that she didn't have family in town, I __4__ to give her a call. Sure enough, she was on her shift, __5__ to work late into the evening, and wouldn't have __6__ of a birthday this year. As always, though, she __7__ cheerful and was happy that I __8__.
After I hung up, I couldn't __9__ the feeling that she would really appreciate a little attention on her special day. __10__ feeling a little depressed myself, I tried to put it out of my mind, but as the day passed, I couldn't shake the thought. I __11__ gave in, and set off to the hospital with a card, a cheese cake, and some balloons that evening. My friend's grateful smile and joyful surprise __12__ me that I'd done the right thing, and they were a generous __13__ for the little effort it had taken.
When I got home, I realized that not only had I cheered up a __14__ friend on her birthday, but my own negative feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had __15__ my own! Isn't that the way it is __16__ we take the time and make the __17__ to do something for someone else? It's just like the saying, “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives, and him who __18__.”
Cheering up people on their birthdays isn't the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with __19__ to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a difference to __20__. And the wonderful thing is that as we do, it changes things for the better for us too.
语篇解读：作者讲述了在自己心情不好的一天给一个从事护士职业的朋友过生日而得到的感悟：生活总是为我们提供机会，让我们多迈出一步或者做一件对别人有影响的善事。
1．A.special B．positive
C．nervous
D．scared
解析：选B 根据空格前的“I felt very depressed the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy”可知，“我”的心情不好，positive“乐观的”，符合语境。
2．A.explained
B．complained
C．remembered
D．informed
解析：选C 当“我”坐在书桌前的时候，记起今天是一个朋友的生日。故选C项。
3．A.family
B．training
C．work
D．school
解析：选C 根据空格前的“who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing”可知，她从事护士职业30年，说明她很喜欢自己的工作(work)。故选C项。
4．A.decided
B．continued
C．agreed
D．refused
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处用decided表示“我决定给她打个电话”。故选A项。
5．A.surprised
B．disappointed
C．bored
D．prepared
解析：选D 根据前面的“Sure enough, she was on her shift”可知，这是她的当班时间，她准备工作到晚上，故选D项。
6．A.much
B．many
C．little
D．few
解析：选A 此处表示“不会有太多的时间过生日”。many和few用来修饰或替代可数名词，故排除；little本身含有否定的意思，在此处可排除；故选much。
7．A.sounded
B．looked
C．grew
D．found
解析：选A “我”打电话给她，她听上去很高兴。故选A项。
8．A.admitted
B．called
C．succeeded
D．apologized
解析：选B 参见上题解析。故选B项。
9．A.experience
B．imagine
C．shake
D．understand
解析：选C 此处表示“我没法去除这种感觉”，应用shake，表示“去除，摆脱”。故选C项。
10．A.Almost
B．Even
C．Never
D．Still
解析：选D 此处用“Still”表明作者仍然感到沮丧，与文章开头相呼应。故选D项。
11．A.luckily
B．finally
C．unhappily
D．hardly
解析：选B “我”的心情沮丧，“我”尽力去清理掉这种心情，但是经过一天的时间，还是没能摆脱，最终“我”屈服了。finally“最后，终于”，故选B项。
12．A.convinced
B．advised
C．promised
D．reminded
解析：选A 根据空格前面的“My friend's grateful smile and joyful surprise”和空格后面的“I'd done the
right thing”可知，朋友的神情让“我”确信自己做对了。convince“使确信”，符合语境。故选A项。
13．A.response
B．contribution
C．reward
D．share
解析：选C 她的笑容和惊喜使“我”确信“我”做对了，这也是对“我”慷慨的回报(reward)。故选C项。
14．A.careless
B．lonely
C．weak
D．curious
解析：选B 由前文的“a single, middleaged woman”和“she didn't have family in town”可知，作者的朋友是孤独的。故选B项。
15．A.troubled
B．taken
C．wasted
D．made
解析：选D 让这位孤独的朋友快乐的同时，又去除了作者的沮丧，所以说“Making her day had made my own”。故选D项。
16．A.when
B．where
C．why
D．how
解析：选A 从句子的结构和语境看，此处应该用引导时间状语从句的连词，表示“当我们花费时间为别人努力做一些事情的时候”。故选A项。
17．A.suggestion
B．money
C．effort
D．call
解析：选C 参见上题解析。make the effort to do sth.“努力做某事”。
18．A.tries
B．receives
C．expects
D．cares
解析：选B 根据空格前的“gives”可知，应用receives与之相对应。故选B项。
19．A.opportunities
B．dreams
C．choices
D．regrets
解析：选A 生活总是为我们提供机会。opportunity“机会”，符合语境。故选A项。
20．A.someone
B．something
C．everyone
D．everything
解析：选A 生活总是为我们提供机会，让我们多迈出一步或者做一件对某人产生影响的善事。故选A项。
课时练(二) 阅读理解提速练(练速度)
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2016·南昌市高三一模)
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my iPhone — it's my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer, as it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know that there is time when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom. I have a rule — no laptops, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There's a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am antitechnology. There's no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage in complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between the course, the material and the class discussion.
I've been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the education reflects students' satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversations and challenges, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.
I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change. I'm sticking to my plan. A few hours of technologyfree dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
1．Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with ________.
A．the course material
B．others' misuse of technology
C．the author's class regulation
D．discussion topics
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，历史课上一些学生不开心的原因是老师定的课堂规则，故选C项。
2．According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ________.
A．keep students from doing independent thinking
B．encourage students to have indepth conversations
C．help students to better understand complex themes
D．affect students' concentration on course evaluation
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句可知，作者不让学生在课堂上使用技术设备的原因是担心学生们过于依赖电子技术来获取信息，从而丧失了独立思考的能力，故选A项。
3．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ________.
A．is quite stubborn
B．values technologyfree dialogue in his class
C．will change his teaching plan soon
D．will give up teaching history
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推知，作者很看重没有技术设备干扰的对话，即B项正确。
B
(2016·潍坊市高三一模)
Voice and onscreen directions
TeleNav GPS Navigator (导航仪) is easy to use as you drive, and it will give you all the information you need, such as：
●The current street
●The next turn to take
●The next street to turn on to
●The number of miles left on your trip
Along the way, directions will be announced in a clear voice and displayed on your phone. For example, it will say, “Go 12 miles and turn right on Elm Street.” As you approach the turn, you will hear, “Turn right on Elm Street.”
Hit the road by previewing your route before you go. You even get the total distance and estimate of the travel time to your destination.
Biz (行业) finder
With TeleNav GPS Navigator, it's easy to find restaurants, banks, cafés, hotels and more from over 10 million points of interest. Once you've found what you are looking for, you can use TeleNav to get directions or to call ahead to make a reservation.
List price：D|S199.99; our price：D|S142.77.
Comments from users
“It's easy to use. The voice that tells you the turn directions — with names and streets — is clear and easy to understand.”
——Dory Delvin
“TeleNav helps professionals on the road make the most of their time.”
——Dale Hein
语篇解读：本文是一则广告。广告主要向人们推荐一种导航仪，并介绍了它的功能、价格以及顾客的好评。
4．If you buy ten TeleNav GPS Navigators, you can save ________.
A．$142.77B．572.2
C．552.2
D．420
解析：选B 数字计算题。根据文章中的“List price：D|S199.99; our price：D|S142.77”可知，买一台TeleNav GPS导航仪可以节省D|S57.22,10台可以节省D|S57.22×10＝D|S572.2，即B项正确。
5．The author quotes customers' comments in the ad to ________.
A．teach people how to use the product correctly
B．describe how to make the most of the product
C．convince people of the product's top quality
D．persuade people not to use paper maps
解析：选C 推理判断题。广告中作者引用顾客的好评是为了让人们相信该产品顶级的质量，然后去购买这一产品。故选C项。
6．How does TeleNav GPS Navigator give users directions?
A．By speaking and shaking.
B．By displaying and writing.
C．By shaking and displaying.
D．By speaking and displaying.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章中Voice and onscreen directions下的“Along the way, directions will be announced in a clear voice and displayed on your phone.”可知，应选D项。
7．________ is not a feature of TeleNav GPS Navigator.
A．Finding out how much gas is left in your car
B．Guiding you to a restaurant
C．Informing the remaining miles to your destination
D．Identifying where you are
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章中的“it's easy to find restaurants”“The number of miles left on your trip”及“The current street”可知，B、C、D三项都是TeleNav GPS 导航仪的特点，A项在文中未提及，故选A项。
C
(2016·四川攀枝花第三次统考)What if I took that big jump on my bike? What's the worst thing that could happen if I go out at midnight? Should I try smoking? The teen years can play out like a chooseyourownadventure novel.
Teenagers must act on endless choices. Some choices, including smoking, come with serious consequences. As a result, adolescents often find themselves trapped (陷入困境) between their impulsive tendencies (冲动的倾向) (— Just try it！) and their newfound ability to make wellinformed and reasonable choices (— Wait, maybe that's not such a good idea！)．
So what makes the teenager's brain so complex? What drives adolescents — more than any other age group — to sometimes make foolish or questionable decisions?
If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you get the point. Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development. The process helps prepare teenagers to face the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience — yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period. Nor is it unusually special to people: Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development.
For example, laboratory experiments show that young mice stay close by their mothers for safety. As mice grow, their behavior does too.“When they reach puberty, they're like，‘I'm going to start checking out how this environment looks without my mom ...’” explains Beatriz Luna, of the University of Pittsburgh.
As a developmental cognitive neuroscientist (认知神经科学家), Luna studies
those changes that occur in the brain as children develop into adults. She and other researchers are showing how the teen experience can lead to powerful advantages later in life. Take mice again: Young mice that explore most tend to live longest — that is, unless a cat eats them, Luna adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了青少年成长的过程中，大脑的变化促使他们区别于其他年龄段的人。
8．What does the writer want to tell us by taking mice for example?
A．Young mice try to look for safety.
B．Mice experience different stages.
C．Young mice like to stay with their mothers.
D．Mice also experience a period to explore the world.
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据第四段中的“teens everywhere go through this exploratory period ... during their development”可知，文中提到老鼠的例子是为了说明即使老鼠也会像人一样经历探索的时期。故答案选D。
9．According to the text, the teenager who explores most will ________.
A．make few mistakes in his life
B．have advantages over others
C．lose his confidence and even his life
D．experience no failure and live longest
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“She and other researchers are showing ...”可知，在青少年时期对世界探索最多的人会比别人有优势。故答案选B。
10．What may the text discuss in the next part?
A．How a teenager can make right choices.
B．What really goes on in the teenage brain.
C．What has been discovered in the lab experiment.
D．Why the parents shouldn't allow teenagers to smoke.
解析：选B 预测推断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，认知神经科学家Luna研究青少年成长为成年人的过程中大脑的变化。由此可推知，下文可能会讲青少年的大脑究竟有什么样的变化。故答案选B。
11．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Researches about the teenagers.
B．How the teenage brain develops.
C．Teenagers make endless choices.
D．The teenage brain drives them to be different.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了在青少年成长的过程中，大脑的变化促使他们区别于其他年龄段的人。D项能概括文章大意。故答案选D。
D
(2016·西宁检测一)“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe, “Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar.” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment, it is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward. It feels very slow because humans don't work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous (匿名的) rude messages by email.
However, rudeness is never acceptable. Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't recognize you. If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.
We shouldn't blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we'd publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。现代人比从前更加粗鲁。不过这不是科技的错，而是人们自己的错。人们不仅要看到别人的无礼行为，更应该欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这样才更有助于改善人们粗鲁的行为。
12．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
A．People can tell good from bad behavior.
B．Radar is able to observe human behavior.
C．People care little about their behavior.
D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior.
解析：选C 句意猜测题。阅读第一段可知，本段主要说明了“People are ruder today”(现在的人们更加粗鲁)这一观点。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是在强调人们变得粗鲁这一事实。故选C项。
13．Some people are less willing to deal with humans because________.
A．they are becoming less patient
B．they are growing too independent
C．they have to handle many important messages
D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，一些人认为，与科技相比，和人打交道就像是在退化，速度太慢。由此可推知，这是人们没有耐心的表现。故选A。
14．The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ________.
A．ridiculous B．disgusting
C．acceptable
D．reasonable
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“What is worse”(更糟糕的是)以及第三段最后一句中“cruel”和“disgusting”可知，作者认为给别人发匿名粗鲁的信息是无礼的表现，是令人厌恶的。故选B项。
15．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．We should applaud good behavior.
B．Technology can never be blamed.
C．We should keep pointing out mistakes.
D．Technology will take over our lives one day.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中but后的内容可知，作者认为如果我们能够更多地欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这对于改善现在人们粗鲁的表现将更有帮助。由此可知，A项正确，意为“我们要赞扬礼貌的行为”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2016·济南市教学质量调研考试)After a late night doing tons of homework, you are trying hard to keep your eyes open in class.“__1__”You are probably thinking.“This weekend I'll make up for all the sleep I have lost.”
Most people think like you, that if you stay in bed longer on Saturdays and Sundays, you will catch up hourbyhour on your missed sleep during the week.
However, this is wrong. __2__ In fact, scientists have just found that sleepingin during the weekend will not do you any good, but rather make you feel more tired on Monday morning, reported The Telegraph.
__3__ It tells us when to wake up in the morning and when to feel sleepy at night. But the time on our body clock can be changed if we start taking on different sleeping habits.__4__
If we decide to get up only 20 minutes or half an hour late, it won't matter. This is because our body clock can accommodate (适应) a delay of up to an hour, which means that a short liein at weekends is unlikely to have any big effect. __5__ This means on Monday morning we sometimes struggle to get out of bed.
So, what should we do to balance out all the rest we've missed? Scientists say that simply getting eight hours of sleep would do the trick, not any longer. That's because our brain rests more efficiently when it's tired.
A．Sleeping is nothing like paying back money.
B．Sleep is important for everyone.
C．This is why staying in bed for longer than usual might confuse our body clock.
D．But delays of up to two hours or more can throw our body out of order.
E．I need more sleep!
F．However, if we sleep longer, our sleep becomes less efficient.
G．Our body keeps a clock inside.
答案：1～5 EAGCD
课时练(三) 第Ⅱ卷强化增分练(练规范)
(限时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2016·大庆市高三第二次质检)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and __1__ was my friend Mike. We never met each other until we came __2__ in the same treatment facility. Then we __3__ (be) out of the treatment center for about a year and returned to our life. Finally we became inseparable friends like brothers.
There was never a time __4__ I called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of __5__ (hour). We valued every chance we have to keep __6__ (we) both on the right track.
One day, I called Mike but he wasn't in. As usual, I had to leave a message, fully __7__ (expect) to hear from him later that evening or the next day. But I had not heard from him for nearly two days, and I became very __8__ (anxiety). On the third day, I received a message from Mike's wife that she said Mike had been killed in __9__ unexplained truck crash on the morning of my call.
I attended my friend's funeral, and even though I could __10__ (hard) walk, I helped carry my friend to his final resting place. Mike is still here too, in my heart and my soul.
语篇解读：作者在戒酒中心与Mike相遇、相知并成为朋友。后来Mike在一场事故中去世了，但他将永远活在作者的心里。
1．so 根据语境可知，此处表示“我在戒酒瘾上有困难，我的朋友Mike也是如此”。“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示“……也是如此”。
2．across come across“偶然遇见”。
3．were 根据and后面的并列谓语“returned”可知，应用一般过去时。此题容易受到时间状语“for about a year”的影响而误填had been。
4．when There was a time when ...“曾经有一段时间……”。
5．hours a couple of后要接名词的复数形式。
6．us “我们珍惜我们拥有的每次机会，以保持我们俩在正确的人生轨道上”。作keep的宾语，后面还有both，所以用us。
7．expecting “和以往一样，我只得留言，满心希望他会在那天晚上晚些时候或是第二天给我回信”，此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
8．anxious 但是将近两天没有得到他的消息，“我”变得非常焦急。此处应用所给名词的形容词形式。
9．an Mike的妻子告诉“我”Mike在“我”打电话给他的那天早晨死于一场原因不明的卡车撞车事故。此处应用不定冠词泛指“一场”，unexplained的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
10．hardly “我”出席了朋友的葬礼，即使“我”(由于悲痛)几乎难以行走，“我”还是帮着把他送到安息之所。hardly“几乎不”。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2016·南昌市高三一模)Trying to come to decision completely of your own can be risky. Some decisions are so important that they should not be made without talking to the others first. There are several advantages of consulting people you trust. For one thing, they can give you valuable advice but they may point out some things you may have overlooked. For another, friends may stop you from making big mistakes. When consult others about important decisions, you should keep two things in mind. The first one is figuring out whom we respect enough to trust their judge. The second thing to consider is what
to do if you disagree to this person. Maybe getting a third or fourth opinion was the best option. In short, making any big decision lonely can lead to some problems. Talking to friends or family members first is always a good idea.
答案：第一句：come to后加a; of→on
第二句：去掉the
第四句：but→and
第六句：consult→consulting
第七句：we→you; judge→judgment/judgement
第八句：第二个to→with
第九句：was→is
第十句：lonely→alone
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2016·保定市 4 月模拟)假设你是李华，你的一位澳大利亚笔友写信问及你高考后的打算，请根据以下要点提示，写一封100词左右的 email 回复他。
1．外出旅行；
2．参与一些力所能及的公益活动；
3．参加新东方英语口语培训；
4．学开车。
注意：不要逐句翻译，可以增加细节以使行文连贯；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Robert，
How time flies! The happy days we shared often shine in my memory.________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Robert，
How time flies! The happy days we shared often shine in my memory. How are things going with you?
You asked me about my intention after the College Entrance Examination.I'd like to tell you about that. First, I will travel around to broaden my range of vision. Second, I plan to learn to drive for my driving license. If possible, I hope to take a New Oriental course on oral English training, which is good for my further English study. What's more, I want to take part in some publicinterest activities within my power.
That is my intention for the summer vacation. It is full and meaningful, isn't it? I'm looking forward to your wonderful suggestions.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua